George W. Bush
George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, was standing at a press conference in Baghdad on the 14th of December 2008 when an Iraqi journalist named Muntadhar al-Zaidi threw both of his shoes at him. Bush ducked, and neither shoe struck him. Al-Zaidi shouted that the shoes were a "farewell kiss" and were "for the widows and orphans and all those killed in Iraq." In the scramble that followed, security knocked over a microphone boom, and it bruised the face of White House press secretary Dana Perino.
The scene came near the end of a presidency that ran from 2001 to 2009. It also showed how far his standing had fallen. Yet this same president had once held the highest approval ratings ever recorded, and public opinion of him has improved since he left office.
How does one man hold both the heights and the depths of American popularity? What does a boyhood in Texas, a stint flying jets for the Air National Guard, and a career in oil and baseball have to do with it? How did he reach the White House while collecting fewer votes nationwide than his rival? And which decisions, made in the shadow of the September 11 attacks, still divide the historians who rank him?
George Walker Bush was born on the 6th of July 1946 at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce. The family raised him in Midland and then Houston, Texas. He had five siblings: Robin, Jeb, Neil, Marvin and Dorothy. Robin died of leukemia in 1953, at the age of three. Politics ran through the family tree. His paternal grandfather, Prescott Bush, served as a U.S. senator from Connecticut. His father became Ronald Reagan's vice president from 1981 to 1989 and then the 41st president, from 1989 to 1993.
Bush finished seventh grade in Midland's public schools before the move to Houston. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School in Piney Village, Texas, a college-preparatory school. Next came Phillips Academy, a boarding school in Andover, Massachusetts, where he played baseball and served as head cheerleader in his senior year. At Yale, from 1964 to 1968, he earned a bachelor's degree in history. He cheered at games, played on the rugby first XV, and ended up as president of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. In his senior year he also joined the Skull and Bones society. He called himself an average student, and his grade average over his first three years was 77. In the fall of 1973 he entered Harvard Business School and graduated in 1975. He remains the only U.S. president to hold a Master of Business Administration.
In May 1968 Bush joined the Air Force and was commissioned into the Texas Air National Guard. After two years of active-duty training he was assigned to Houston, where he flew Convair F-102 jets with the 147th Reconnaissance Wing out of Ellington Field. Critics, among them former Democratic National Committee chairman Terry McAuliffe, alleged that his father's standing as a member of the House of Representatives won him favorable treatment. They pointed to his selection as a pilot despite low aptitude scores, and to irregular attendance. In late 1972 and early 1973 he drilled with the 187th Fighter Wing of the Alabama Air National Guard, after moving to Montgomery to work on Winton Blount's unsuccessful Senate campaign. In 1972 he was suspended from flying for failing to take a scheduled physical exam. He received an honorable discharge on the 21st of November 1974. In June 2005 the Department of Defense released all the records of his Guard service. He is the most recent president to have served in the military.
On the 4th of September 1976, Bush was pulled over near the family's summer home in Kennebunkport, Maine, for driving under the influence of alcohol. He was arrested, fined 150 dollars, and briefly lost his Maine driver's license. He had abused alcohol repeatedly before his marriage. A backyard barbecue in 1977 changed his direction, because friends introduced him there to Laura Welch, a schoolteacher and librarian. After a three-month courtship she accepted his proposal, and they married on the 5th of November that year. They settled in Midland, and on the 25th of November 1981 Laura gave birth to fraternal twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna. He had earlier been engaged to Cathryn Lee Wolfman in 1967, and the two stayed on good terms after that engagement ended.
In 1986 Bush gave up alcohol. He credits his wife's influence, and he credits faith too, saying "I believe that God helped open my eyes, which were closing because of booze." He left the family's Episcopal Church to join her United Methodist Church. He describes a conversation in which Billy Graham challenged him to consider faith in Jesus "Christ as the risen Lord," and he began reading the Bible daily. Late in his second term he said on television that he is "not a literalist" about interpreting it.
The journalist Walt Harrington visited Bush's home when he was a Texas oilman and recalled seeing books by John Fowles, F. Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce and Gore Vidal lying about, along with biographies of Willa Cather and Queen Victoria. Bush has long preferred biographies and histories. He also smokes cigars, plays golf and paints. One of his best-known projects is a collection of 43 portraits of immigrants titled Out of Many, One.
Kent Hance beat Bush in 1978 in the race for Texas's 19th congressional district, 53.2 percent to 46.8 percent. The seat had been held by Democrats since 1935, and the retiring incumbent was George H. Mahon. Hance portrayed the newcomer as out of touch with rural Texans, and the message worked.
Bush turned to business. In 1977 he had established Arbusto Energy, a small oil exploration company that began operations in 1978. He later renamed it Bush Exploration. In 1984 it merged with the larger Spectrum 7, and Bush became chairman. Falling oil prices hurt the company, and it folded into Harken Energy Corporation, where he joined the board of directors. Questions of possible insider trading around Harken followed, but a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation concluded that the information he held when he sold his stock was not enough to count as insider trading.
In April 1989, Bush arranged for a group of investors to buy a controlling interest in baseball's Texas Rangers for 89 million dollars. He put in 500,000 dollars himself. He then served as managing general partner for five years, leading the team's projects and attending games, often choosing seats in the open stands among fans. When he sold his shares in 1998, they brought him more than 15 million dollars from an initial investment of 800,000. In the early or mid 1990s he even considered a bid to become Commissioner of Baseball.
In 1988 Bush moved with his family to Washington, D.C., to work on his father's presidential campaign as an advisor and media liaison. In December 1991 his father named him one of seven people to run the 1992 re-election effort. The month before, his father had asked him to tell White House chief of staff John H. Sununu to resign.
Bush declared for the 1994 Texas governor's race at the same moment his brother Jeb sought the governorship in Florida. His campaign rested on four themes: welfare reform, tort reform, crime reduction and better schools. His advisers were Karen Hughes, Joe Allbaugh and Karl Rove. After an easy primary win, he faced the popular Democratic incumbent, Ann Richards. During the race he pledged to sign a bill letting Texans obtain permits to carry concealed weapons, which Richards had vetoed. He won the general election with 53.5 percent of the vote to her 45.9 percent, and he signed the bill after taking office.
With a budget surplus in hand, Bush pushed through the largest tax cut in Texas history, worth 2 billion dollars. His administration lowered to 14 the age at which juveniles can be sent to adult court for serious crimes. He presided over 152 executions, more than any previous governor in modern American history, and critics such as Helen Prejean argued that he gave clemency requests too little consideration. Critics also said Texas ranked near the bottom in environmental evaluations. Supporters pointed to higher teacher salaries and improved test scores. In 1999 he signed a law requiring electric retailers to buy a set amount of energy from renewable sources, which helped Texas eventually lead the country in wind-generated electricity.
In 1998 Bush won re-election with a record 68 percent of the vote. He became the first governor in Texas history elected to two consecutive four-year terms. His approval ratings in that second term ranged from 62 to 81 percent. On the 10th of June 2000, he proclaimed a Jesus Day in Texas, urging Texans to "answer the call to serve those in need." By then, within a year of his re-election, he had already decided to seek the presidency.
In New Hampshire in early 2000, Bush was heavily favored in the primary, yet he trailed Arizona senator John McCain by 19 percent and lost. He had run as a compassionate conservative, a label implying he was more centrist than other Republicans. His platform promised integrity and honor in the White House, a larger military, tax cuts, better schools and help for minorities. He regained momentum and became the front runner after the South Carolina primary. The Boston Globe said that contest made history for the negativity of his campaign, and The New York Times called it a smear campaign.
On the 25th of July 2000, Bush surprised some observers by choosing Dick Cheney as his running mate. Cheney, a former White House chief of staff, congressman and secretary of defense, was at that moment leading Bush's own search committee for a vice presidential pick. Against the Democratic incumbent vice president Al Gore, Bush attacked on gun control and taxation.
When the returns were tallied on the 7th of November, Bush had won 29 states, including Florida. Florida was so close that it triggered a recount, and the initial recount also went to Bush. The dispute then sat in lower courts for a month before reaching the U.S. Supreme Court. On the 9th of December, in the controversial Bush v. Gore ruling, the Court reversed a Florida Supreme Court decision that had ordered a third count. It stopped the statewide hand recount, arguing that the use of different standards among Florida's counties violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
A machine recount showed Bush had carried Florida by a margin of 537 votes out of six million cast. Nationwide he received 543,895 fewer votes than Gore, yet he won the Electoral College, 271 to 266. Gore had actually been awarded 267 votes by the states pledged to him plus the District of Columbia, but one D.C. elector abstained. Bush was the first person since Benjamin Harrison in 1888 to win a presidential election with fewer popular votes than another candidate.
Four years later, Bush faced no primary challenge. He appointed Ken Mehlman as campaign manager, and Karl Rove devised the political strategy. The platform stressed the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the USA PATRIOT Act, and constitutional amendments banning abortion and same-sex marriage. It also proposed private investment accounts within Social Security and an ownership society. Bush opposed mandatory carbon emissions controls. His call for a guest worker program for immigrants drew criticism from conservatives.
Opponent John Kerry, a Massachusetts senator, attacked Bush over the Iraq War and accused him of failing to stimulate the economy and job growth. Bush's team painted Kerry as a staunch liberal who would raise taxes and expand government. They kept hammering what they called Kerry's contradictory statements on Iraq. This time Bush carried 31 of 50 states and 286 electoral votes. He won an absolute majority of the popular vote, 50.7 percent to Kerry's 48.3 percent. With that mandate, he would face a second term dominated by wars he had already begun.
Standing on rubble at Ground Zero, three days after the September 11 attacks, Bush spoke through a megaphone to firefighters, police officers and volunteers. Mayor Rudy Giuliani was beside him. When someone shouted that they could not hear him, he answered: "I can hear you. The rest of the world hears you. And the people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon." That evening of the attacks, he had addressed the nation from the Oval Office and promised a strong response.
On the 20th of September 2001, Bush named Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda as responsible. He told the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, where bin Laden was operating, to "hand over the terrorists, or... share in their fate." The Taliban's leader, Mullah Omar, refused. On the 7th of October, U.S. and British forces began a bombing campaign, and Northern Alliance troops reached Kabul on the 13th of November. By December the Pentagon reported the Taliban defeated, and the UN installed an Afghan administration chaired by Hamid Karzai.
Bin Laden got away. He escaped a battle in the mountains of Tora Bora in December 2001, and the Bush administration later acknowledged that too few U.S. ground troops had been committed there. He was killed by U.S. forces in May 2011, two years after Bush left office. Meanwhile the Taliban regrouped, gathering funds and recruits. The failure of Operation Red Wings in 2005 showed they had returned. In March 2007 Bush sent 3,500 additional troops to Afghanistan.
In his State of the Union address on the 29th of January 2002, Bush named an "axis of evil" of North Korea, Iran and Ba'athist Iraq, saying they were "arming to threaten the peace of the world." His administration claimed the right to wage preemptive or preventive war. That stance, known as the Bush Doctrine, weakened the unprecedented support the United States had received after the attacks.
In the second half of 2002, CIA reports asserted that Saddam Hussein intended to rebuild nuclear weapons programs, had not properly accounted for biological and chemical weapons, and held missiles with a range beyond UN limits. Bush urged the United Nations to enforce disarmament mandates, and a diplomatic crisis followed. Weapons inspectors Hans Blix and Mohamed ElBaradei had gone into Iraq in November 2002. The U.S. advised them to leave four days before the invasion, despite their requests for more time. Washington dropped its bid for UN approval of force after strong opposition from several countries.
More than 20 nations, the "coalition of the willing," joined the United States, and the invasion began on the 20th of March 2003. Baghdad fell on the 9th of April. On the 1st of May Bush declared the end of major combat operations, but a growing insurgency led by sectarian groups soon made his "Mission Accomplished" speech look premature. The bipartisan Iraq Study Group, led by James Baker, concluded in 2006 that the situation was "grave and deteriorating." Bush admitted strategic mistakes but kept his overall strategy.
On the 10th of January 2007, Bush launched a surge of 21,500 more troops, along with a jobs program for Iraqis and 1.2 billion dollars for these efforts. When Congress passed a bill setting a withdrawal deadline, he vetoed it on the 1st of May 2007. By July 2008, American troop deaths had fallen to their lowest level since the war began. According to Iraq Body Count, about 251,000 Iraqis were killed in the civil war after the invasion, at least 163,841 of them civilians. In March 2010, the Center for Public Integrity reported that his administration had made more than 900 false pretenses in two years about the supposed threat from Iraq.
After the attacks, Bush issued an executive order creating the President's Surveillance Program. It let the National Security Agency monitor communications between suspected terrorists abroad and people inside the United States without a warrant, which the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act had previously required. When the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel questioned its original opinion that the act did not apply in wartime, the program was reauthorized anyway. The reasoning was that the later Authorization for Use of Military Force had implicitly superseded the warrant rules.
Critics, including the American Bar Association, argued the program was illegal. In August 2006 a federal district judge ruled it unconstitutional. On the 6th of July 2007, the Sixth Circuit vacated that ruling because the plaintiffs lacked standing. Earlier, on the 17th of January 2007, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales had told Senate leaders the program would not be reauthorized and would instead face judicial oversight. Later in 2007 the NSA launched a replacement called PRISM, overseen by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. It stayed out of public view until The Washington Post and The Guardian reported on it in June 2013.
Bush also authorized the CIA to use waterboarding and other "enhanced interrogation techniques," which critics, Barack Obama among them, would call torture. Between 2002 and 2003 the CIA treated these methods as legal, relying on secret Justice Department opinions arguing that terror detainees fell outside the Geneva Conventions' ban on torture. The Bybee Memo gave authority for waterboarding certain key suspects, though it was later withdrawn. The U.S. Army field manuals assert that harsh tactics produce unreliable information. The administration nonetheless believed the techniques provided critical information. Former CIA officer Bob Baer replied, "you can get anyone to confess to anything if the torture's bad enough."
On the 17th of October 2006, Bush signed the Military Commissions Act, passed after the Supreme Court's decision in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld. It allowed the government to try unlawful enemy combatants by military commission instead of an ordinary trial. It denied detainees access to habeas corpus and barred the torture of prisoners, yet it let the president determine what counts as torture. On the 8th of March 2008, Bush vetoed H.R. 2082, which would have expanded congressional oversight of the intelligence community and banned waterboarding. He said the bill would take away "one of the most valuable tools in the War on Terror."
In April 2009 the ACLU sued and won release of the secret memos that authorized these tactics. One memo included a footnote describing waterboarding as torture, and it said the version used by the CIA was far more intense than the Justice Department had authorized.
In 2001 Bush's budget projected a 5.6 trillion dollar surplus over the next ten years. The surplus in fiscal year 2000 had been 237 billion dollars, the largest ever and the third in a row. Facing congressional opposition, Bush held town hall meetings across the country to sell a 1.35 trillion dollar tax cut, one of the largest in U.S. history. His argument was blunt: "the surplus is not the government's money. The surplus is the people's money." Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan warned of a recession. Treasury Secretary Paul H. O'Neill opposed some of the cuts because they could feed deficits and undermine Social Security. A second tax cut passed in 2003.
No Child Left Behind, signed in early 2002, set out to measure and close the gap between rich and poor student performance. It passed with broad bipartisan support, including Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts. Critics called it underfunded and objected to its focus on high-stakes testing. In 2003 Bush signed the Medicare Act, which added help with prescription drug costs while relying on private insurance. The retirees' lobby AARP endorsed it. Its cost was estimated at 400 billion dollars over the first ten years. Journalist Jan Crawford wrote that it produced the greatest expansion of the welfare state in forty years, with costs approaching 7 trillion dollars.
From 2000 to 2008, federal spending rose from 1.789 trillion to 2.983 trillion dollars, an increase of 66 percent. Revenues grew more slowly, from 2.025 trillion to 2.524 trillion. By October 2008, the national debt had risen to 11.3 trillion dollars, more than double its level in 2000. The Dow Jones Industrial Average stood at 10,587 when Bush took office and peaked above 14,000 in October 2007. By the time he left, it was at 7,949. Unemployment rose from 4.2 percent in January 2001 to 6.3 percent in June 2003, dropped to 4.5 percent in July 2007, and finished at 7.2 percent.
In December 2007 the nation entered the longest recession since World War II, driven by a housing correction, a subprime mortgage crisis and soaring oil prices. In November 2008 alone, over 500,000 jobs were lost, the largest monthly loss in 34 years. By the end of that year, 2.6 million jobs had disappeared. Bush signed a 170 billion dollar stimulus package of tax rebate checks and business tax breaks.
The crisis deepened in September 2008. The federal government took over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Lehman Brothers went bankrupt, and American International Group received an 85 billion dollar federal bailout. Many economists and governments judged it the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Alan Greenspan later said more regulation of the housing market would have helped. The administration had pushed for tougher oversight of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2003. Two years later that effort passed the House but died in the Senate. Bush proposed a rescue plan to buy back a large portion of the U.S. mortgage market, and the emergency measures included the Troubled Asset Relief Program.
Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the 29th of August 2005, and New Orleans began to flood as its levees failed. Bush had declared a state of emergency in Louisiana on the 27th of August, and in Mississippi and Alabama the next day. On the day of landfall he declared a major disaster in Louisiana, authorizing FEMA to spend federal funds on recovery. On the 30th of August, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff called it an "incident of national significance," the first use of the newly created National Response Plan.
National Guard troops first entered New Orleans on the 2nd of September. Bush toured Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama that day and said the recovery effort so far was "not enough." As the disaster in New Orleans worsened, criticism mounted. Leaders attacked him for putting Michael D. Brown, an incompetent appointee, in a position of power at FEMA. Federal resources were also limited because they had been allocated to the Iraq War, and Bush himself did not act on warnings of floods. He eventually said he accepted full responsibility for the federal government's failures. It has been argued that Katrina was a political tipping point from which he never recovered.
A different legacy began in the State of the Union address of January 2003, when Bush outlined a five-year strategy for global emergency AIDS relief, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. He announced 15 billion dollars for it. The money directly supported antiretroviral treatment for more than 3.2 million men, women and children worldwide. Since 2003 the government has spent some 44 billion dollars on the project, including 7 billion contributed to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. By 2013 the effort had saved an estimated five million lives. Peter Baker of The New York Times wrote that year that Bush "did more to stop AIDS and more to help Africa than any president before or since."
By 2023 the estimate had grown to more than 25 million lives saved, with the greatest relief in Sub-Saharan Africa. Vox called the plan "George W. Bush's greatest accomplishment."
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Common questions
When was George W. Bush president, and what number was he?
He was the 43rd president of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009. Before that he was governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.
How did Bush win the 2000 election while losing the popular vote?
He won the Electoral College 271 to 266 after a contested Florida recount. The Supreme Court's Bush v. Gore ruling on the 9th of December stopped a statewide hand recount, and Bush carried Florida by 537 votes. He received 543,895 fewer votes nationwide than Al Gore.
What business was Bush involved in before politics?
He founded the oil exploration company Arbusto Energy in 1977, later renamed Bush Exploration, which eventually folded into Harken Energy. In 1989 he helped arrange the purchase of a controlling interest in the Texas Rangers baseball team.
What was the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief?
Bush announced it in January 2003 as a five-year global emergency AIDS relief strategy with 15 billion dollars. It directly supported antiretroviral treatment for more than 3.2 million people, and by 2023 it was estimated to have saved over 25 million lives.
What happened to Bush in Baghdad in December 2008?
At a press conference on the 14th of December 2008, Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi threw both of his shoes at Bush. Bush ducked and was not injured.
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- 131NewsBush Vetoes Health MeasureMichael Abramowitz et al. — October 4, 2007
- 132NewsBush Vetoes Child Health Bill PrivatelySheryl Gay Stolberg et al. — October 4, 2007
- 133NewsGenetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008Genome.gov
- 134PUBLIC LAW 110–233 – MAY 21, 2008Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- 136President Signs Medicare LegislationWhite House — December 8, 2003
- 137NewsBush pushes his Social Security overhaulMartin Wolk — NBC News — February 16, 2005
- 138NewsSocial Security: On With the ShowJim VandeHei et al. — February 12, 2005
- 139NewsBush shifts approach on Social Security reformEdward Alden et al. — April 28, 2005
- 140NewsSocial Security in LimboPatrick O'Connor — June 1, 2005
- 141Hurricane dims Bush's hopes on Social SecurityHolly Yeager — September 22, 2005
- 142Letter from the President to Senators Hagel, Helms, Craig, and RobertsOffice of the Press Secretary — March 13, 2001
- 143Summary of the Kyoto Report – Assessment of Economic ImpactsEnergy Information Administration — July 16, 2002
- 145Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United StatesBenjamin K. Sovacool et al. — Columbia Journal of Environmental Law — July 20, 2009
- 146Executive Summary – The Clear Skies InitiativeWhite House — February 14, 2002
- 147Clear Skies Proposal Weakens the Clean Air ActThe Sierra Club
- 148S.1844 - 108th Congress (2003-2004): Clear Skies Act of 2003James M. [R-OK Sen. Inhofe — November 10, 2003
- 149Bush's Clear Skies Act Stalls in the SenateMarch 10, 2005
- 150NewsBush creates world's biggest ocean preserveMiguel Llanos — NBC News — June 16, 2006
- 151The Nature Conservancy Applauds President Bush for Creating World's Largest Marine Conservation Area in HawaiiThe Nature Conservancy — June 16, 2006
- 152NewsInterview with President BushMay 13, 2008
- 153Press ConferenceWhite House — June 26, 2006
- 154NewsNASA Scientist Rips Bush on Global WarmingNBC News — October 27, 2004
- 155BookHell or High WaterJoe Romm — William Morrow — 2006
- 156NewsPresident George W. Bush's address before a joint session of the Congress on the State of the UnionC-SPAN — January 31, 2006
- 157President Bush Delivers State of the Union AddressWhite House — January 23, 2007
- 158NewsBush lifts executive ban on offshore oil drillingCNN — July 14, 2008
- 159President Bush Discusses EnergyWhite House — June 18, 2008
- 160NewsGeorge W. Bush: 2008 State of the Union AddressAmerican Rhetoric — January 28, 2008
- 161AAAS Policy Brief: Stem Cell ResearchAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science
- 162President Discusses Stem Cell ResearchOffice of the President
- 163NIH's Role in Federal Policy Stem Cell ResearchNational Institutes of Health
- 164MagazineStem Cells in LimboMichael D. Lemonick — August 11, 2003
- 165NewsBush Vetoes Embryonic Stem Cell BillCNN — September 25, 2006
- 166NewsStudy: Immigration grows, reaching record numbersHaya El Nasser et al. — December 12, 2005
- 167NewsImmigration surge called 'highest everDecember 12, 2005
- 168NewsBush takes tough talk on immigration to TexasCNN — November 29, 2005
- 169Press releaseFact Sheet: Border Security and Immigration ReformThe White House — May 17, 2007
- 170Press releaseBest of the Immigration Fact Check: Top 10 Common MythsThe White House — June 8, 2007
- 171NewsSenate Votes to Continue Work on Immigration Reform CompromiseGarrett, Major et al. — Fox News — June 26, 2008
- 172NewsTalk radio helped sink immigration reformMike Allen — August 20, 2007
- 173News46–53, immigration bill goes down in defeatKlaus Marre — June 28, 2007
- 174NewsSenate immigration bill suffers crushing defeatCNN — June 28, 2007
- 175The White House Fact Sheet: Improving Border Security and Immigration Within Existing LawWhite House — August 10, 2007
- 176Olmert: Bush offered to absorb 100,000 Palestinian refugees if peace deal reachedBarak Ravid — September 17, 2010
- 177NewsTropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina: August 23–30, 2005Knabb, Richard D et al. — National Hurricane Center — December 20, 2005
- 178Statement on Federal Emergency Assistance for LouisianaWhite House — August 27, 2005
- 179Statement on Federal Emergency Assistance for MississippiWhite House — August 28, 2005
- 180Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for LouisianaWhite House — August 29, 2005
- 181Press Gaggle with Scott McClellanWhite House — August 31, 2005
- 182TPM Hurricane Katrina TimelineSeptember 20, 2005
- 183NewsNational Guard descends on New Orleans, giving evacuees hopeSeptember 3, 2005
- 184NewsFEMA Director Singled Out by Response CriticsSpencer S. Hsu — September 6, 2005
- 185JournalSocial vs. Military Spending: How the Escalating Pentagon Budget Crowds out Public Infrastructure and Aggravates Natural Disasters – the Case of Hurricane KatrinaIsmael Hossein-zadeh — Routledge — June 1, 2009
- 186NewsTranscript, Presidential Videoconference BriefingAugust 28, 2005
- 187"I don't think anybody anticipated the breach of the levees." George W. Bush to Diane Sawyer, Good Morning America, September 1, 2005.
- 188NewsKatrina called Bush's biggest blunderMay 31, 2012
- 189The Firing Of US Attorneys – Nefarious Or Business As Usual?Kathy Gill — About.com — March 22, 2007
- 190NewsThey lost my confidenceAlberto R. Gonzales — March 7, 2007
- 191NewsEmbattled Gonzales ResignsDan Eggen — August 28, 2007
- 192NewsGonzales' Resignation LetterAlberto Gonzales — United States Department of Justice — August 26, 2007
- 193NewsMukasey won't pursue contempt probe of Bush aidesMarch 1, 2008
- 194House judiciary panel files civil lawsuit to enforce Miers, Bolten subpoenasPatrick Porter — Jurist Legal News and Research — March 10, 2008
- 195NewsFederal judge rules Bush's aides can be subpoenaedMatt Apuzzo — July 31, 2008
- 196NewsAttorney general bids farewell to Justice: Praises work of departmentLara Jakes Jordan — September 15, 2007
- 197NewsBush's Law: The Remaking of American Justice After 9/11Lichtblau — Pantheon Books — 2008
- 198NewsGonzales aide Goodling resignsLara Jakes Jordan — NBC News — April 6, 2007
- 199NewsBush Advisor Karl Rove to Resign at End of MonthMike Emanuel — Fox News — August 13, 2007
- 200NewsAnother Top Bush Aide Makes an ExitMichael A. Fletcher — May 28, 2007
- 201NewsPanel Holds Two Bush Aides in ContemptDavid Stout — July 25, 2007
- 203NewsDOJ: Prosecutor firing was politics, not crimeMatt Apuzzo et al. — July 21, 2010
- 204NewsPresident Bush Speech on Missile DefenseFederation of American Scientists — May 1, 2001
- 205NewsBush backs China's WTO entry despite standoffCNN — April 6, 2001
- 206Freedom AgendaWhite House
- 207NewsNuclear deal announced as Bush visits IndiaMarch 2, 2006
- 208U.S.–India Joint StatementWhite House — March 2, 2006
- 209Roemer key to U.S.–India relationship – Daniel Libit and Laura RozenNovember 23, 2009
- 210NewsRetreat From the Freedom AgendaJackson Diehl — April 24, 2005
- 211Margot Light, "Russian-American Relations under George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin". Irish Studies in International Affairs (2008): 25–32.
- 212U.S. Withdrawal From the ABM Treaty: President Bush's Remarks and U.S. Diplomatic NotesArms Control Association
- 213NewsBush Pulls Out of ABM Treaty; Putin Calls Move a MistakeDecember 13, 2001
- 214NewsIn Break With UN, Bush Calls Sudan Killings GenocideJim VandeHei — June 2, 2005
- 215NewsBush is Greeted Warmly in AlbaniaSheryl Gay Stolberg — June 10, 2007
- 216Bush Hails Kosovo Independenceamerica.gov — February 19, 2008
- 217NewsBush stirs controversy over NATO membershipCNN — April 1, 2008
- 218NewsBush-Putin row grows as pact pushes eastApril 2, 2008
- 219NewsRussia condemned for recognizing rebel regionsCNN — August 26, 2008
- 220NewsBush hits Russia on 'bullying and intimidation'August 15, 2008
- 221President Bush Salutes Heroes in New YorkWhite House — September 14, 2001
- 222Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American PeopleWhite House — September 20, 2001
- 223NewsThe man who wouldn't hand over bin Laden to the U.S.Peter Bergen — CNN — August 21, 2015
- 224NewsUS pulls out of Saudi ArabiaApril 29, 2003
- 225NewsTranscript of President Bush's address to a joint session of Congress on Thursday night, September 20, 2001CNN — September 20, 2001
- 226BookThe American War in Afghanistan: A HistoryCarter Malkasian — Oxford University Press — 2021
- 227President Delivers State of the Union AddressWhite House — January 29, 2002
- 228National Security CouncilThe White House
- 229President Bush: Job RatingsPolling Report
- 230BookInventing the Axis of Evil: The Truth About North Korea, Iran, and SyriaBruce Cumings — New Press — 2006
- 231Lopez, George E., "Perils of Bush's Pre-emptive War Doctrine", The Indianapolis Star, October 3, 2003.
- 233NewsProtesters stage anti-war rallySeptember 28, 2002
- 234NewsNIE: Al Qaeda 'Damaged' Becoming More ScatteredAndrea Koppel et al. — CNN — September 26, 2006
- 235NewsSpy Agencies Say Iraq War Hurting U.S. Terror FightKaren DeYoung — September 24, 2006
- 236NewsA Nation Challenged; Military Campaign; Taliban Defeated, Pentagon Asserts, but War Goes OnShanker, Tom et al. — December 11, 2001
- 237Fact Sheet: International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in AfghanistanCenter for Defense Information — February 14, 2002
- 238NewsMore Dutch troops for AfghanistanFebruary 3, 2006
- 239NewsU.S. Concludes bin Laden Escaped at Tora Bora FightBarton Gellman et al. — April 17, 2002
- 240Taliban Appears To Be Regrouped and Well-FundedMay 8, 2003
- 241Gates: Bombs Away in Memoir – How Green Lantern Drove a DecisionTony Capaccio — Bloomberg L.P. — January 9, 2014
- 242World Cannot Give Up on Afghanistan, Coalition Officials SayJim Garamone — United States Department of Defense — June 28, 2006
- 243NewsFrustrated Karzai toughens stanceAlastair Leithead — July 22, 2006
- 244NewsRevived Taliban waging 'full-blown insurgency'Paul Wiseman — July 22, 2006
- 245NewsAdditional Troop Increase ApprovedPeter Baker — March 11, 2007
- 246Iraq: The War CardThe Center for Public Integrity
- 247Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction ProgramsCIA — October 2002
- 248CIA Whites Out Controversial Estimate on Iraq WeaponsThe National Security Archive — July 9, 2004
- 249MagazineThe First CasualtySpencer Ackerman et al. — June 30, 2003
- 250Hersh, Seymour M., "The Stovepipe", The New Yorker, October 27, 2003.
- 251NewsU.S. advises weapons inspectors to leave IraqMarch 17, 2003
- 252Enforcement Measures under Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterFebruary 13, 2003
- 254NewsUS names 'coalition of the willing'Steve Schifferes — March 18, 2003
- 255MagazineMission Not AccomplishedPablo M. Monsivais — October 6, 2003
- 256NewsColin Powell says Iraq in a 'civil war'Truthout — November 28, 2006
- 257NewsBush: we went to war on faulty intelligenceDecember 14, 2005
- 258NewsPresident George W. Bush speaks during a video teleconference with Vice President Dick Cheney, on screen, and military commandersWhite House — October 21, 2006
- 259NewsBush Reviews Iraq War Strategy as Violence Mounts (Update3)Bloomberg L.P. — October 21, 2006
- 261NewsSporadic violence doesn't deter Iraqi votersCNN — January 31, 2005
- 262NewsIraq Constitution Passes in ReferendumFox News — October 25, 2005
- 263NewsAdmitting strategy error, Bush adds Iraq troopsNBC News — January 11, 2007
- 264NewsBush Vetoes Bill Tying Iraq Funds to ExitSheryl Gay Stolberg et al. — May 1, 2007
- 265NewsBush on anniversary: War in Iraq must go onCNN — March 19, 2008
- 266NewsBaghdad on lockdown as rockets, bombs flyCNN — March 28, 2008
- 267NewsBush: Baghdad's move against Shiite militias a 'bold decision'CNN — March 27, 2008
- 268NewsCiting Stability in Iraq, Bush Sees Troop CutsMyers, Steven Lee et al. — August 1, 2008
- 270NewsShoes thrown at Bush on Iraq tripDecember 14, 2008
- 272Press releasePress Briefing by Attorney General Alberto Gonzales and General Michael HaydenWhite House — December 19, 2005
- 273ReportUnclassified Report on the President's Surveillance ProgramInspectors General of the DoD DOJ CIA NSA and ODN — July 10, 2009
- 275NewsGonzales defends wiretaps amid protestCNN — January 26, 2006
- 276NewsJudge Asked to Suspend Ruling Against WiretapsFebruary 9, 2006
- 277NewsCourt dismisses lawsuit on spying programAndrea Hopkins — July 6, 2007
- 278AG letter to Senate leaders regarding FISC decision and conclusion of Terrorist Surveillance ProgramAlberto Gonzales — January 17, 2007
- 279NewsU.S. intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret programBarton Gellman et al. — June 6, 2013
- 280NewsNSA taps in to internet giants' systems to mine user data, secret files revealGlenn Greenwald — June 6, 2013
- 281NewsBush-era interrogations: From waterboarding to forced nudityMargaret Talev — April 23, 2009
- 282NewsObama Releases Interrogation Memos, Says C.I.A. Operatives Won't Be ProsecutedMark Mazzetti — April 16, 2009
- 283NewsWaterboarding is legal, White House saysGreg Miller — February 7, 2008
- 284NewsNew documents shine light on CIA torture methodsRyan Browne — CNN — June 15, 2016
- 285NewsCheney Defends U.S. Use Of WaterboardingCBS News — February 8, 2008
- 286NewsCheney, Rumsfeld, other Bush officials claim credit for nabbing Bin Laden, talk up waterboardingHelen Kennedy — May 8, 2011
- 287Memorandum for the Files: Re: Status of Certain OLC Opinions Issued in the Aftermath of the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001Steven G. Bradbury — United States Department of Justice — January 15, 2009
- 288NewsCIA admit 'waterboarding' al-Qaida suspectsMark Tran — February 5, 2008
- 289NewsCIA's Harsh Interrogation Techniques DescribedBrian Ross et al. — November 18, 2005
- 290NewsBush's detainee interrogation and prosecution plan approved by SenateSeptember 28, 2005
- 291NewsRushing Off a CliffSeptember 28, 2006
- 292Bill Text: 110th Congress (2007–2008): H.R.2082.ENRLibrary of Congress
- 293NewsBush vetoes bill banning waterboardingNBC News — March 8, 2008
- 294NewsPreviously secret torture memo releasedCNN — July 24, 2008
- 295NewsBush memo footnotes define waterboarding as tortureSam Stein — April 16, 2009
- 296The United States, North Korea, and the End of the Agreed FrameworkJonathan D. Pollack — Naval War College Review — Summer 2003
- 297President Bush's Statement on North Korea Nuclear TestWhite House — October 9, 2006
- 298NewsNorth Korea Ready to Shut Down Reactor 'Immediately'Fox News — May 7, 2007
- 299NewsU.S.: North Korea agrees to shut down nuke facilitiesCNN — September 2, 2007
- 300NewsNorth Korea restarts nuclear reactor and threatens to attack southJustin McCurry — May 27, 2009
- 301NewsGeorge W. Bush Delivers Message At Korean War Prayer Meeting In SeoulJoseph Park — June 22, 2010
- 302NewsBush expands sanctions on SyriaFebruary 14, 2008
- 304Syria and TerrorismU.S. Department of State — October 30, 2003
- 305NewsAdministration announces sanctions to combat Syrian influence on LebanonNovember 6, 2007
- 306NewsNews Tip: AIDS Relief in Africa is One of Bush's Most Visible Legacies, Says Duke ExpertDuke University — January 14, 2009
- 307NewsLatest ResultsU.S. Government
- 308NewsThe President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Blueprint: Creating an AIDS-free GenerationU.S. Department of State — November 29, 2012
- 309NewsWhat George W. Bush Did RightChristian Caryl — February 14, 2013
- 310PEPFAR - HIV.govMarch 2, 2023
- 311Republicans are threatening to sabotage George W. Bush's greatest accomplishmentZack Beauchamp — July 28, 2023
- 312JournalPEPFAR — 15 Years and Counting the Lives SavedAnthony S. Fauci et al. — January 25, 2018
- 315NewsPickett Charged With Assaulting Federal OfficerLarry Margasak — January 6, 2006
- 317The case of the failed hand grenade attackFBI Press Room — January 11, 2006
- 318ReportFBI records of the attempted assassination of George W. Bush in Tbilisi, Georgia.Federal Bureau of Investigation — 2005
- 319NewsBush grenade attacker gets lifeCNN — January 11, 2006
- 320NewsBush 'shoe thrower' to be freed from Iraqi jailJomana Karadsheh — CNN — September 14, 2009
- 321NewsPerino bruised in shoe-hurling meleeMike Allen — December 14, 2008
- 324NewsEx-President Bush and Wife Leave Washington for TexasFox News — January 20, 2009
- 326NewsCoin toss from George and Laura Bush was a brief taste of luck for Cowboys fansSeptember 21, 2009
- 327NewsBush throws first pitch at Rangers game (Slideshow)Katharine Zaleski — April 7, 2009
- 328Video: George W. Bush Throws Out First Pitch Game 4 World Series, Let's Discuss ItEthan Jaynes — News Sports — October 31, 2010
- 330NewsGeorge W. Bush has heart surgeryDavid Jackson — August 6, 2013
- 331'Heartbroken': George W. Bush responds to the Dallas police ambushAllan Smith — Yahoo! Finance — July 8, 2016
- 332NewsLaura Bush Discusses Her Husband's Low ProfilePrerana Swami — CBS News — July 28, 2009
- 333VideoGeorge W. Bush – Decision PointsAdam Bradway — June 1, 2011
- 334U.S. – Africa Leaders Summit Spousal Program, Part 2George W. Bush — August 6, 2014
- 335NewsBush says Obama 'deserves my silenceMSNBC — March 17, 2009
- 336NewsBush promises not to attack ObamaMike Allen — March 18, 2009
- 337NewsTroops in Iraq hailed by Bush on 'Colbert ReportCBS News — June 12, 2009
- 338NewsFuneral mass unites polsRichard Weir — August 30, 2009
- 339NewsBush's first stand on a new podiumMary Jordan — October 26, 2009
- 340NewsGeorge W. Bush Secretly Visits Fort Hood VictimsBill Sammon — Fox News — November 7, 2009
- 341NewsGeorge W. Bush's memoir, 'Decision Points', to have print run of 1.5M copiesHillel Italie — October 7, 2010
- 342NewsBush promotes book in ChicagoBecky Schlikerman — October 21, 2010
- 343NewsI'd do it again' former President Bush tells Grand Rapids crowd about waterboarding terroristsTed Roelofs — June 2, 2010
- 345George W. Bush's Armchair Economic AdviceSonia Smith — July 17, 2017
- 346Book Discussion on The 4% SolutionC-SPAN — July 17, 2012
- 347NewsWhere Is George W. Bush?David Weigel — August 30, 2012
- 348NewsGeorge W. Bush Gushes About Granddaughter on The Tonight ShowAlexis L. Loinaz — November 20, 2013
- 349NewsThe Lone Jewish Republican in Congress Is Nostalgic for George W. BushEmily Greenhouse — April 28, 2015
- 350Obama, Bush fly together to memorial for MandelaSteve Holland — December 10, 2013
- 352NewsBush Urges Renewed Fight Against Deadly Diseases in AfricaPeter Baker — August 6, 2014
- 353George W. Bush Says He Read the Bible Every Day of His Presidency, at Museum of the Bible EventMichael Gryboski — November 5, 2014
- 355NewsBush (43) Shares Spotlight With Bush (41) as Tribute Book Is PublishedPeter Baker — November 11, 2014
- 356NewsMy position was: you need to have boots on the groundAmos Regev et al.
- 357George W. Bush campaigns for Jeb Bush in South CarolinaStephen Dinan
- 358NewsNeither George W nor George HW Bush will endorse Donald TrumpBen Jacobs — May 5, 2016
- 359NewsGeorge W. Bush to skip GOP conventionBrian Montopoli — CBS News — July 20, 2012
- 360NewsBush 41 and Bush 43 plan to skip GOP conventionMay 5, 2016
- 361NewsInside the GOP's Shadow ConventionShane Goldmacher — July 19, 2016
- 362George W. Bush worried he'll be 'the last Republican president'Ivan Levingston — CNBC — July 19, 2016
- 364NewsBoth former Bush presidents call to congratulate Donald TrumpEric Bradner — CNN
- 365NewsMeme Of The Week: George W. Bush Battles Poncho At Inauguration And LosesMeg Kelly et al. — NPR — January 20, 2017
- 367NewsPresident George W. Bush Shines Spotlight on Military With New Book 'Portraits of Courage'February 28, 2017
- 368MagazineBoth Presidents Bush Condemn Hatred a Day After Trump's Press ConferenceAugust 16, 2017
- 369NewsGeorge W. Bush slams Trumpism, without mentioning president by nameOctober 19, 2017
- 371News'Bigotry Seems Emboldened': George W. Bush Shrewdly Takes Down Donald Trump in Viral SpeechOctober 19, 2017
- 372NewsGeorge W. Bush's unmistakable takedown of Trumpism–and TrumpOctober 19, 2017
- 373MagazineJohn McCain's Funeral Was the Biggest Resistance Meeting YetSusan B. Glasser — September 1, 2018
- 374Former President George H.W. Bush's last words, as spoken to his son, George W. BushJamie Gangel et al. — CNN — December 3, 2018
- 375George W. Bush says George H.W. Bush was the "best father a son or daughter could have"Grace Segers — CBS News — December 5, 2018
- 376NewsGeorge W. Bush honors former President Roh Moo-hyun in South KoreaThomas Maresca — May 23, 2019
- 377George W. Bush laments 'shocking failure' in treatment of black AmericansCaitlin Oprysko — June 2, 2020
- 379George W. Bush says George Floyd's death is latest "in a long series of similar tragedies"Kathryn Watson — CBS News — June 2, 2020
- 380Former President George W. Bush: 'It is time for America to examine our tragic failures'Jane C. Timm — NBC News — June 2, 2020
- 381George W. Bush honors John Lewis: 'He believed in America'July 30, 2020
- 382NewsJeb and George Bush Stay Silent on Biden Endorsement While Speaking Out Against TrumpOctober 22, 2020
- 383NewsGeorge W. Bush to hold virtual fundraiser for Republican senatorsFelicia Sonmez — June 17, 2020
- 384NewsNo Bushes, Reagans, Cheneys or McCains: Who Is Missing at Trump's R.N.C.August 27, 2020
- 386NewsBush congratulates Biden, says election was 'fundamentally fair' and 'its outcome is clear'Eric Bradner — CNN — November 8, 2020
- 387NewsGeorge W. Bush congratulates Biden on his victoryPeter Baker — November 8, 2020
- 388NewsFormer President George W. Bush extends 'warm congratulations' to President-elect Joe BidenCourtney Subramanian & Michael Collins — November 8, 2020
- 390Bush, others criticized for comparing Capitol riots to 'banana republics'NBC News — January 8, 2021
- 391Obama, Bush, Clinton, Carter all condemn the Trump supporter riotsNick Niedzwiadek — January 6, 2021
- 393NewsAll the Notable Attendees From Inauguration DayChristian Allaire — January 20, 2021
- 394Former President George W. Bush 'deeply concerned' Afghanistan troop withdrawal will 'create a vacuum'Brooke Singman — Fox News — May 20, 2021
- 395NewsGeorge W. Bush: Afghanistan troop withdrawal 'a mistake'Deutsche Welle — July 14, 2021
- 396'The nation I know': George W. Bush's powerful address commemorating the 20th anniversary of 9/11Yahoo! News — September 11, 2021
- 397NewsGeorge W. Bush condemns 'cowardly attack' at Trump rallyJesse Byrnes — July 13, 2024
- 398NewsGuess Who's Not Coming to Milwaukee? Bush, Quayle, Pence, Cheney or RomneyJuly 16, 2024
- 399NewsFormer President George W. Bush has no plans to endorse in the electionSeptember 7, 2024
- 400George W. Bush Congratulates TrumpXavier Martinez
- 401Trump Inauguration: Why This George W. Bush Moment Is Going ViralJanuary 20, 2025
- 402Statement by President George W. Bush on Charlie KirkSeptember 10, 2025
- 403Peyton Manning Draws Hilarious College Admission from George Bush During MNFNukul Jashoria — November 17, 2025
- 404News'My vice president and my friend.' What George W. Bush said at Dick Cheney's funeralNatalie Neysa Alund
- 406NewsHillary Clinton meets with Haiti leader after arrivalCNN — January 17, 2010
- 407NewsWhen Bush Got the Bin Laden Call (While Eating a Souffle)Garance Franke-Ruta — May 13, 2011
- 408NewsPresidents Obama and Bush commemorate 9/11 anniversaryCNN — September 11, 2011
- 409NewsFormer presidents fundraise for Irma disaster reliefMallory Shelbourne — September 10, 2017
- 410George W. Bush Snuck Michelle Obama a Piece of Candy During His Father's State FuneralLauren Hubbard — December 5, 2018
- 411MagazineMichelle Obama on How Their 'Refreshing' Tradition Shows 'the Beauty of George Bush'Ashley Hoffman — December 17, 2018
- 412NewsNo, George W. Bush's paintings tell us nothing about IraqTravis Diehl — March 26, 2013
- 413NewsGeorge W. Bush expects stellar reviews of new paintingsMSNBC — April 3, 2014
- 414NewsGeorge W Bush exhibits his paintings of world leadersNick Bryant — April 4, 2014
- 415NewsArt Expert Reviews George W. Bush's PaintingsApril 9, 2014
- 416The History BoysDavid Halberstam — July 3, 2007
- 417NewsBush revels in cowboy speakKathryn Westcott — June 6, 2003
- 418NewsJohn Wayne' president has criticsWalter Rodgers — CNN — January 30, 2003
- 419NewsPundits Renounce The PresidentPeter Baker — August 20, 2006
- 420Bush gets bad rap on intelligenceAubrey Immelman — January 14, 2001
- 421NewsThe Complete BushismsJacob Weisberg et al. — August 24, 2001
- 422NewsBush Gets 'Vision Thing' and Embraces Big RisksElisabeth Bumiller — January 12, 2004
- 423MagazineTony Blair on Clinton, Bush and the American Character Time September 2, 2010Tony Blair — September 2, 2010
- 424NewsDavid Brooks praises Bush, dings Maher in Playboy interviewJenny Rogers — April 19, 2012
- 425Presidential Approval Ratings – George W. BushGallup — January 20, 2008
- 426NewsBush's Final Approval Rating: 22 PercentCBS News — January 16, 2009
- 427Bush Job Approval at 28%, Lowest of His AdministrationFrank Newport — Gallup — April 11, 2008
- 428NewsBush's Popularity: A (Really) New Low?February 21, 2008
- 429MagazinePerson of The Year: George W. BushNancy Gibbs — December 25, 2000
- 430NewsDeconstructing the Drop in Bush's Job Approval RatingGallup — June 1, 2004
- 431NewsRepublicans criticize Rice over Bush Mideast policyFebruary 15, 2006
- 432NewsTroops in survey back Bush 4-to-1 over KerryDave Moniz — October 3, 2004
- 433NewsModest Bush Approval Rating Boost at War's EndApril 18, 2003
- 434NewsBush's job approval rating creeps up in AP-Ipsos pollMarch 10, 2007
- 435NewsRepublican right abandoning BushNBC News — May 5, 2006
- 436NewsIllegal Immigration, Unchecked Spending Siphon Conservatives From GOP BaseKelley B. Vlahos — Fox News — February 13, 2006
- 438Katrinagate fury spreads to US mediaTVNZ — September 7, 2005
- 439NewsReport: Criticism of FEMA's Katrina response deservedMike M. Ahlers — CNN — April 14, 2006
- 441NewsUnchecked and UnbalancedMichiko Kakutani — July 6, 2007
- 443NewsBush's second-term slumpMark Silva — March 7, 2007
- 444NewsBush admits Republicans took a "thumping"Steve Holland — November 8, 2006
- 445President Bush Job ApprovalRealClearPolitics
- 447MagazineThe Worst President in History?2006
- 448NewsDefending the home frontJuly 14, 2007
- 449NewsTranscript: President Bush on 'FOX News Sunday'Fox News — February 11, 2008
- 450NewsRasmussen Poll: Third of Americans Want Bush ImpeachedJames Joyner — OutsideTheBeltway.com, OTB Media — December 12, 2005
- 451George W. Bush as the New Richard M. Nixon: Both Wiretapped Illegally, and ImpeachablyJohn W. Dean — December 30, 2005
- 452NewsThe Impeachment of George W. BushElizabeth Holtzman — January 11, 2006
- 453NewsKucinich Offers Impeachment Articles Against BushJohn Bresnahan — CBS News — June 9, 2008
- 454NewsDisapproval of Bush breaks recordSusan Page — April 22, 2008
- 455NewsBush's Final Approval Rating: 22%CBS News — CBS News — February 11, 2009
- 456NewsRepublicans Give George W. Bush's Overall Job Approval Rating a Final BoostJanuary 19, 2009
- 457NewsBush Presidency Closes With 34% Approval, 61% DisapprovalLydia Saad — Gallup.com — January 14, 2009
- 458JournalDie außenpolitischen Positionen der Parteien im Bundestagswahlkampf 2002M. Overhaus et al. — 2002
- 459NewsWas the American ambassador meddling in a Canadian election?John Gray — CBC News — December 14, 2005
- 460NewsFrench see Bush as the ugly AmericanVivienne Walt — February 13, 2003
- 461NewsKeeping the U.S. at Bay, Mexican Presidential Candidate Looks to Move Past Fox's FailuresMarcela Sanchez — March 3, 2006
- 462NewsMexico's President Snubs Bush, Vicente Fox Cancels Visit To Bush Ranch To Protest ExecutionCBS News — August 15, 2002
- 463NewsRow over Bush security as Blair defends visitEwen MacAskill et al. — November 11, 2003
- 464NewsAfghan Leader Criticizes U.S. on Conduct of WarCarlotta Gall — April 26, 2008
- 465NewsUganda's president criticizes Bush administration's handling of war in IraqHenry Wasswa — October 14, 2004
- 466NewsSpanish leader accuses Bush and BlairGiles Tremlett — March 16, 2004
- 467NewsChávez attacks 'devil' Bush in UN speechEd Pilkington in New York — September 21, 2006
- 468Bush, White House now leery of Putin as Russian turns back on democracyGeorge E. Jr. Condon — July 21, 2006
- 469In 18 of 21 Countries Polled, Most See Bush's Reelection as Negative for World SecurityBBC World Service and Program on International Policy Attitudes — 2004
- 470NewsPolls: World Not Pleased With BushCBS News — March 4, 2004
- 472Pew Global Attitudes Project: Spring 2007, Survey of 47 Publics, Final 2007 Comparative ToplinePew Research Center — June 27, 2007
- 473Middle East Opinion: Iran Fears Aren't Hitting the Arab StreetPeter Kiernan — World Politics Review Exclusive — March 1, 2007
- 476NewsBush greeted as hero in AlbaniaBBC — June 10, 2007
- 477Bush Gets Warm Reception in AlbaniaVicky O'Hara — NPR — June 10, 2007
- 478NewsAlbanian Street Named After George W. BushBalkan Insight — June 8, 2007
- 479NewsAlbanian town thanks George W. Bush with statueJuly 6, 2011
- 480NewsSerbian official blames U.S. for recent violenceDan Bilefsky — December 4, 2008
- 481George W. Bush's top five successes – and failuresApril 23, 2013
- 482NewsDebate continues over George W. Bush's legacyNBC News — April 24, 2013
- 484'These are dangerous times': the man who sued George W Bush and the Iraq warDave Eggers — March 11, 2017
- 486BookGeorge W. Bush, War Criminal?: The Bush Administration's Liability for 269 War CrimesMichael Haas — Greenwood Publishing Group — 2008
- 487NewsHistorian tips rethink of Bush presidencyEleanor Hall — ABC Online — September 22, 2010
- 488NewsIs George W. Bush the Most 'Significant' President Since FDR?Byron Williams — January 7, 2011
- 489Comparing the Kennedy, Reagan and Bush Tax CutsWilliam Ahern — Tax Foundation — August 24, 2004
- 490NewsLeviathan on the RightMichael D. Tanner — March 4, 2007
- 491George W. Bush, the Republican Party, and the "New" American Party SystemJesse Rhodes — August 16, 2007
- 492NeoconsMax Boot — 2004
- 493NewsJosh Brolin on playing George W. Bush in Oliver Stone's new filmNigel Farndale — October 23, 2008
- 494NewsVice Is About Dick Cheney, but Sam Rockwell's George W. Bush May Steal the ShowYohana Desta — October 3, 2018
- 495NewsInside Sam Rockwell's Oscar-nominated turn as George W. Bush in ViceDevan Coggan — January 23, 2019
- 498Shrub
- 499NewsHistorians Rank George W. Bush Among Worst Presidents, Lincoln and Washington were rated as the bestUS News — September 2, 2009
- 500History News Network | Historians Still Despise George W. BushDavid Austin — HNN
- 501NewsIt's not too soon to judge George W. Bush's presidency on key issuesJames Mann — February 6, 2015
- 502Rushmore Plus One; FDR joins Mountainside Figures Washington, Jefferson, Teddy Roosevelt and Lincoln as Top PresidentsSiena Research Institute — July 1, 2010
- 505NewsGallup: Reagan and Clinton are favorite presidentsDavid Jackson — February 19, 2012
- 506Former President George W. Bush's Image Ratings ImproveJune 11, 2013
- 507George W. Bush: Favorability Ratingspollingreport.com
- 508Poll: George W. Bush's approval rating rising post-White HouseMeghashyam Mali — April 23, 2013
- 509NewsGeorge W. Bush's approval rating just hit a 7-year high. Here's how.Chris Cillizza — April 23, 2013
- 510NewsCNN poll: how will history remember George W. Bush?Paul Steinhauser — CNN — April 24, 2013
- 512CNN/SSRS Trump Inaugural Anniversary Poll (page 29)January 2018
- 514How Democrats Came to Feel Nostalgic for George W. BushApril 25, 2017
- 515MagazineLiberals, Stop Applauding George W. BushJeet Heer — October 23, 2017
- 516NewsBush says Trump 'makes me look pretty good' by comparison: reportJohn Bowden — March 6, 2018
- 517NewsBush to be honored by EstoniaFebruary 1, 2012
- 518HomeGeorge Bush Elementary School (Stockton, California)
- 519HomeGeorge Bush Elementary School (St. Paul, Texas)
- 521NewsRead her lips: Literacy efforts on first lady's agendaCNN — April 8, 2001
- 522The Jesus FactorPBS
- 523BookDecision PointsGeorge W. Bush — Random House — 2010
- 524NewsBush's Life-Changing YearLois Romano et al. — July 25, 1999
- 5252000 Driving RecordDepartment of the Secretary of State of Maine — November 2, 2000
- 526NewsTurning Point: George W. Bush, A Legacy ReclaimedMary Leonard — January 23, 2000
- 527NewsGeorge W. Bush as an Avid ReaderRichard Cohen — December 30, 2008
- 528Bible probably not true, says George BushDecember 9, 2008
- 530NewsDubya and MeWalt Harrington — August 25, 2011
- 533BookA Charge to KeepGeorge W. Bush — William Morrow — 1999
- 534BookDecision PointsGeorge W. Bush — Crown Publishers — 2010