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James Joyce

Ch. 1 of 6
— CH. 1 · INTRODUCTION —

Contents

James Joyce

6 sections

  • James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was born on the 2nd of February 1882 at 41 Brighton Square, Rathgar, Dublin, and died 58 years later in Zurich after surgery for a perforated ulcer. Between those two dates he produced a body of work so strange and so rigorous that scholars have generated over 15,000 articles, monographs, theses, translations, and editions trying to explain it. His novel Ulysses, published in Paris in 1922, was banned in both the United Kingdom and the United States for obscenity. Copies were smuggled across borders. Pirate publishers reprinted it without his permission. And yet today it regularly tops lists of the greatest novels ever written.

    Joyce spent most of his adult life outside Ireland, moving through Trieste, Rome, Zurich, and Paris. He was nearly blind by his final years, having undergone more than a dozen eye operations. His daughter Lucia was permanently institutionalised with schizophrenia. His finances were perpetually chaotic. Yet he kept writing, producing work of astonishing complexity and precision. How did a middle-class Dublin Catholic become the writer who most changed the novel as a form? What drove him out of Ireland and what kept pulling Dublin back into his imagination? And what exactly is in Ulysses that made governments want to ban it and readers want to smuggle it?

  • At nine years old, Joyce wrote a poem called "Et Tu, Healy" mourning the death of the Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell. His father printed it on broadsides and distributed copies to friends. The poem attacked what the elder Joyce saw as a betrayal of Parnell by the Irish Catholic Church and the Irish Parliamentary Party. That sense of betrayal by the Church left a mark on James Joyce that ran through his entire career.

    The Joyce family had come down in the world. John Joyce held a rate-collector position with Dublin Corporation from 1887, and the family lived in the fashionable small town of Bray. But drinking and financial mismanagement eroded everything. John Joyce's name appeared in Stubbs' Gazette, a blacklist of debtors and bankrupts, in November 1891. He was dismissed with a reduced pension in January 1893. Joyce had begun his schooling in 1888 at Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit boarding school near Clane in County Kildare, and had to leave when the fees could no longer be paid.

    A chance meeting saved his education. John Joyce encountered the Jesuit priest John Conmee, who arranged for both James and his brother Stanislaus to attend Belvedere College without fees from 1893. At 13, Joyce was elected by his peers to join the Sodality of Our Lady. He won first place for English composition in his final two years before graduating in 1898. The Jesuit formation he received there, rooted in the Ratio Studiorum, shaped his intellectual approach for the rest of his life, even as he eventually rejected the faith itself.

  • On the 10th of June 1904, Joyce met Nora Barnacle, a 20-year-old woman from Galway city who was working in Dublin as a chambermaid. Six days later they walked together through the Dublin suburb of Ringsend. That date, the 16th of June 1904, became the date of all the action in Ulysses, known in popular culture as Bloomsday in honour of the novel's main character, Leopold Bloom.

    By October 1904, Joyce and Nora had left Ireland together. They had intended to find work through a Berlitz Language School, but when they arrived in Zurich there was no vacancy. The school's director sent Joyce on to Trieste, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and when there was no position there either, Joyce was placed in Pola, Austria-Hungary's major naval base, teaching English mainly to naval officers. He called Pola a "back-of-God-speed place, a naval Siberia". Less than a month after leaving Ireland, Nora was pregnant.

    Joyce moved to Trieste proper in March 1905, aged 23. He convinced his brother Stanislaus to join him that October, and Stanislaus's salary went largely to supporting Joyce's household. The London publisher Grant Richards had a contract with Joyce for Dubliners, but printers refused passages they found indecent. Eight and a half years of negotiation and rejection followed before the book finally appeared on the 15th of June 1914. During those years Joyce also reworked his abandoned novel Stephen Hero into the more compressed A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, wrote his only published play Exiles, and began drafting Ulysses. Trieste, he later said, had become a second Dublin for him.

  • Margaret Caroline Anderson, owner and editor of the New York-based literary magazine The Little Review, began publishing Ulysses serially in March 1918 after Ezra Pound secured her commitment. Two instalments were suppressed as obscene in January and May 1919. In September 1920, an unsolicited copy of the "Nausicaa" episode reached the daughter of a New York attorney associated with the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. An official complaint followed. In February 1921, Anderson and her co-editor Jane Heap, defended by the lawyer John Quinn, were each fined $50 for publishing obscenity and ordered to stop.

    Sylvia Beach, who ran the Rive Gauche bookshop Shakespeare and Company in Paris, agreed almost immediately afterwards to publish the novel through her shop. She mailed copies to subscribers in Paris and the United States; Harriet Shaw Weaver sent copies to subscribers in England from Beach's printing plates. Postal officials in both countries began confiscating the shipments. Copies then moved by smuggling. Because the work had no American copyright at this time, pirate versions appeared, including editions from publisher Samuel Roth, who only ceased after a court order in 1928. The novel was not legally published in the United States until 1934, when Judge John M. Woolsey ruled in United States v. One Book Called Ulysses that the book was not obscene. In the United Kingdom it remained blacklisted until 1936.

    Joyce had finished writing Ulysses near the end of 1921. Its 18 episodes each cover roughly one hour of a single day, rendered in a distinct literary style. Each chapter refers to an episode in Homer's Odyssey, as well as a specific colour, a particular art or science, and a bodily organ. Joyce used the 1904 edition of Thom's Directory, which listed the owners and tenants of every residential and commercial property in Dublin, to ensure his descriptions were accurate. He claimed that if Dublin were destroyed in some catastrophe, it could be rebuilt from his novel.

  • Ezra Pound wrote to Joyce in 1913 asking to include a poem from Chamber Music, "I Hear an Army Charging upon the Land", in the journal Des Imagistes. He had written at W. B. Yeats's suggestion. A correspondence began that lasted until the late 1930s. Pound became Joyce's most energetic promoter, placing his work with editors and helping to secure publication for A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in the London literary magazine The Egoist after persuading its editor Dora Marsden.

    In Zurich during World War I, Harriet Shaw Weaver, who operated The Egoist, began providing Joyce with large regular sums of money. The psychotherapist Edith Rockefeller McCormick, who was living in Zurich and studying under Carl Jung, also paid him a stipend. Between 1917 and the start of 1919, Joyce was financially secure for perhaps the only sustained period of his adult life. McCormick stopped the stipend partly because Joyce refused to be psychoanalysed by Jung. Weaver continued her support for the rest of his life and paid for his funeral.

    In Trieste, the writer Ettore Schmitz, better known by the pen name Italo Svevo, was one of Joyce's private language students. Svevo, a Catholic of Jewish origin, became one of the models for Leopold Bloom. Joyce learned much of what he knew about Judaism from him. Svevo also helped Joyce work through his writer's block on A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Their friendship was one of mutual criticism and lasting loyalty. Roberto Prezioso, editor of the Italian newspaper Piccolo della Sera, was another student; he commissioned Joyce to write three newspaper articles aimed at the Triestine irredentists, drawing a parallel between their desire for independence from Austria-Hungary and Ireland's struggle against British rule.

  • Joyce began his next work in 1923 and called it Work in Progress. Ford Madox Ford first published it under that name in April 1924 in his magazine The Transatlantic Review, printing its "Mamalujo" episode. Eugene and Maria Jolas continued serialising it in their magazine transition from 1926. When the first excerpts appeared, even some of Joyce's closest supporters turned against it. Stanislaus, Pound, and Weaver all wrote unfavourably. Writers including Seán O Faoláin, Wyndham Lewis, and Rebecca West criticised it publicly.

    Joyce and the Jolases responded by organising a collection of favourable essays titled Our Exagmination Round His Factification for Incamination of Work in Progress, to which Samuel Beckett and William Carlos Williams contributed. Joyce publicly revealed the novel's actual title, Finnegans Wake, only in 1939, the year he completed it. Faber and Faber published it in London with the assistance of T. S. Eliot. The novel took 16 years to complete.

    Through those years his eyes were failing. By 1930 he was practically blind in the left eye, and his right eye functioned poorly. He had all his teeth removed because of infection. He asked the Irish author James Stephens to complete Finnegans Wake if he became unable to finish it himself. Joyce and Nora, who had lived together for 27 years, married at the Register Office in Kensington on the 4th of July 1931, primarily to secure Giorgio's inheritance rights under British law. Joyce also published Pomes Penyeach in 1927, a collection of 13 poems written across Trieste, Zurich, and Paris.

    In 1938, Joyce helped Jews escape Nazi persecution. After Germany occupied France in 1940, he returned to Zurich for the last time. On the 11th of January 1941 he underwent surgery for a perforated duodenal ulcer, fell into a coma the next day, and died on the 13th of January 1941 at age 58. Swiss tenor Max Meili sang "Addio terra, addio cielo" from Monteverdi's L'Orfeo at his burial in Zurich's Fluntern Cemetery. Though two senior Irish diplomats were in Switzerland at the time, only the British consul attended the funeral. In October 2019, a motion was put to Dublin City Council to plan and budget for the repatriation of Joyce's remains, a proposal that immediately became controversial.

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Ulysses (novel)

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1941 deathsCritics of the Catholic ChurchModernismModernist writersWriters of historical fiction set in the modern age

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Common questions

When was James Joyce born and where did he grow up?

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was born on the 2nd of February 1882 at 41 Brighton Square in Rathgar, Dublin. He grew up in Dublin before his family moved to Bray shortly after he turned nine years old.

Why did James Joyce leave Ireland and where did he live during World War I?

Joyce and Nora Barnacle left Ireland in October 1904 for self-imposed exile and eventually settled in Trieste by March 1905. During World War I he remained in neutral Switzerland after May 1915 while his family stayed in Locarno during their time in Zurich.

How many episodes does Ulysses contain and what date do they cover?

The novel contains eighteen episodes covering roughly one hour each day on the 16th of June 1904. Each chapter refers to an episode in Homer's Odyssey along with specific colors art science and bodily organs.

What caused James Joyce's death and when did it occur?

He died fifteen minutes after waking briefly at two am on the 13th of January 1941 following surgery for a perforated duodenal ulcer on the 11th of January 1941. He had fled Nazi occupation of France and returned to Zurich for safety in 1940 before undergoing the operation.

Did James Joyce ever become Catholic again after leaving the Church?

He lapsed from the Church early in life but never considered himself Catholic according to firsthand statements. When living in Trieste he attended Mass on Holy Thursday and Good Friday occasionally and sometimes went to Eastern Orthodox services saying he liked the ceremonies better.

All sources

237 references cited across the entry

  1. 1Joyce CollectionUCL Special Collections
  2. 2James Joyce Collection - University at Buffalo Libraries
  3. 3BookBooks at the Wake: A Study of Literary allusions in James Joyce's Finnegans WakeJames S. Atherton — Viking Press — 1960
  4. 4BookThe Cambridge Companion to James JoyceDerek Attridge — Cambridge University Press — 1997
  5. 5BookHow to Read JoyceDerek Attridge — Granta Books — 2007
  6. 6BookJames Joyce: A Literary LifeMorris Beja — Ohio State University Press — 1992
  7. 7BookOur Exagmination Round his Factification for Incamination of Work in ProgressSamuel Beckett — Faber and Faber — 1961
  8. 8BookBritish Author House Museums and Other Memorials: A Guide to Sites in England, Ireland, Scotland and WalesShirley Hoover Biggers — McFarland — 2015
  9. 9BookThe Most dangerous book: The Battle for James Joyce UlyssesKevin Birmingham — Head of Zeus — 2014
  10. 10BookJames Joyce: A New BiographyGordon Bowker — Farrar, Straus and Giroux — 2012
  11. 11BookJames Joyce's Pauline Vision: A Catholic ExpositionRobert Boyle — Southern Illinois University Press — 1978
  12. 12BookThe Cambridge Introduction to James JoyceEric Bulson — Cambridge University Press — 2006
  13. 13BookJames Joyce in ContextBrian G. Caraher — Cambridge University Press — 2009
  14. 14BookJoyce, Race, and EmpireVincent John Cheng — Cambridge University Press — 1995
  15. 15BookA New History of Ireland Volume VII: Ireland, 1921-84John Coolahan — Oxford University Press — 2010
  16. 16BookJoyce's Cities: Archaeologies of the SoulJackson I. Cope — Johns Hopkins University — 1981
  17. 17BookJames Joyce: The Years of GrowthPeter Costello — Roberts Rineheart — 1992
  18. 18BookThe Oxford Handbook of English Literature and TheologyValentine Cunningham — Oxford University Press — 2007
  19. 19BookJames Joyce: A Portrait of the ArtistStan Gébler Davies — Granada — 1982
  20. 20BookJames Joyce, Ulysses, and the Construction of Jewish Identity: Culture, Biography, and 'the Jew' in Modernist EuropeNeil R. Davison — Cambridge University Press — 1998
  21. 21BookThe Cambridge Companion to James JoyceSeamus Deane — Cambridge University Press — 1997
  22. 22BookRereading the New: A Backward Glance at ModernismKevin J. H. Dettmar — University of Michigan Press — 1992
  23. 23BookRecollections of James JoyceMartin Dowling — Taylor & Francis — 2016
  24. 24BookThe Aesthetics of Chaosmos: The Middle Ages of James JoyceUmberto Eco — University of Tulsa — 1982
  25. 25BookJoyce and YeatsRichard Ellmann — Dolmen Press — 1967
  26. 26BookThe Consciousness of JoyceRichard Ellmann — Oxford University Press — 1977
  27. 27BookJames JoyceRichard Ellmann — Oxford University Press — 1982
  28. 28BookJames Joyce and the Question of HistoryJames Fairhall — Cambridge University Press — 1993
  29. 29BookJames Joyce A to Z: The Essential Reference to the Life and WorkA. Nicholas Fargnoli et al. — Oxford University Press — 1996
  30. 30BookJames Joyce and the Burden of DiseaseKathleen Ferris — University of Kentucky — 1995
  31. 31BookJames Joyce in Zurich: A GuideAndreas Fischer — Palgrave Macmillan — 2021
  32. 32BookEco-Joyce: The Environmental Imagination of James JoyceAnne Fogarty — Cork University Press — 2014
  33. 33BookText Genetics in Literary Modernism and other EssaysHans Walter Gabler — Open Book Publishers — 2018
  34. 34BookJoyce's Revenge: History, Politics, and Aesthetics in UlyssesAndrew Gibson — Oxford University Press — 2002
  35. 35BookJames JoyceAndrew Gibson — Reaktion Books — 2006
  36. 36BookA Companion to Joyce StudiesMichael Groden — Greenwood Press — 1984
  37. 37BookPox: Genius, Madness and the Mysteries of SyphilisDeborah Hayden — Basic Books — 2003
  38. 38BookRe-viewing Classics of Joyce CriticismSuzzette A. Henke — University of Illinois Press — 1991
  39. 39BookJames Joyce's DublinPatricia Hutchins — Grey Walls Press — 1950
  40. 40BookJames Joyce's WorldPatricia Hutchins — Taylor & Francis — 2016
  41. 41BookJoyce's Grand Operoar: Opera in Finnegans WakeMatthew J. C. Hodgart et al. — University of Illinois Press — 1997
  42. 42BookIrish Writers and ReligionEamonn Hughs — Rowman & Littlefield — 1992
  43. 43BookJohn Stanislaus Joyce: The Voluminous Life and Genius of James Joyce's FatherSt. Martins Press — 1998
  44. 44BookDubliners: An Annotated EditionJoyce James — St. Martins Press — 1993
  45. 45Book"Ulysses": A monologue photocopied typescriptCarl Gustav Jung — Analytical Psychology Club of New York — 1949
  46. 46BookThe Spirit in Man, Art, and LiteratureCarl Gustav Jung — Princeton University Press — 1975
  47. 47BookInventing IrelandDeclan Kiberd — Harvard University Press — 1996
  48. 48BookThe Enigma of Authur Griffith: Father of Us AllColum Kenny — Merrion Press — 2020
  49. 49Book"Ulysses" and the Irish GodFrederick K Lang — Bucknell University Press, Associated University Presses — 1993
  50. 50BookJames Joyce in ContextSean Latham — University of Washington Press — 2009
  51. 51BookHelp My Unbelief: James Joyce and ReligionGeertz Lernout — Bloomsbury Publishing — 2010
  52. 52BookThe French JoyceGeertz Lernout — University of Michigan — 1992
  53. 53BookThe Art of James Joyce: Method and Design in Ulysses and Finnegans WakeWalton A. Litz — Oxford University Press — 1964
  54. 54BookJames Joyce and MedicineJ. B. Lyons — Dolmen Press — 1973
  55. 55BookJames Joyce and the Revolution of the WordColin MacCabe — Palgrave — 2003
  56. 56BookNora: A Biography of Nora JoyceBrenda Maddox — Fawcett Columbine — 1989
  57. 57BookJoyce's PoliticsDaniel Manganiello — Routledge & Kegan Paul — 1980
  58. 58BookIn Search of Ireland's Heroes: The Story of the Irish from the English Invasion to the Present DayCarmel McCaffrey — Ivan R. Dee — 2006
  59. 59BookJames Joyce: A Passionate ExileJohn McCourt — Thomas Dunne Books — 1999a
  60. 60BookThe Years of Bloom: James Joyce in Trieste, 1904–1920John McCourt — Lilliput Press — 2000
  61. 61BookA Companion to Literary BiographyJohn McCourt — Wiley Blackwell — 2019
  62. 62BookJoyce in Rome: The Genesis of UlyssesGeorgio Melchiori — Bulzone Editore — 1984a
  63. 64BookThe Sympathetic Alien: James Joyce and CatholicismJ. Mitchell Morse — New York University Press — 1959
  64. 65BookJames Joyce and NationalismEmer Nolan — 1995
  65. 66BookJoyce and AquinasThomas Noon — Yale University Press — 1963
  66. 67BookJames JoyceEdna O'Brien — Phoenix — 2000
  67. 68BookJames Joyce and the ArtsKatherine O'Callaghan — Brill — 2020
  68. 69BookA Bash in the Tunnel: James Joyce by the IrishUlick O'Connor — Clifton Books — 1970
  69. 71BookJoyce, Imperialism, PostcolonialismLeonard Orr — Syracuse University Press — 2008
  70. 72BookThe Economy of Ulysses: Making Both Ends MeetMark Osteen — Syracuse University Press — 1995a
  71. 73BookPortraits of the Artist in Exile: Recollections of James Joyce by EuropeansWillard Potts — University of Washington Press — 1979
  72. 74BookJames Joyce and the Politics of EgoismJean-Michel Rabaté — Cambridge University Press — 2001
  73. 75BookTeller and Tale in Joyce's Fictions: Oscillating PerspectivesJohn Paul Riquelme — Johns Hopkins University — 1983
  74. 76BookIn Search of James JoyceRobert E. Scholes — University of Illinois Press — 1992
  75. 77BookJoyce in America: Cultural Politics and the Trials of UlyssesJeffrey Segall — University of California Press — 1993
  76. 78BookJames Joyce: A Short IntroductionMichael Seidel — John Wiley & Sons — 2008
  77. 79BookJames Joyce: Ulysses, A Student GuideVincent B. Sherry — Cambridge University Press — 2004
  78. 80BookLucia Joyce: To Dance in the WakeCarol Loeb Shloss — Picador — 2005
  79. 81BookDe-Familiarizing Readings: Essays from the Austin Joyce ConferenceAlan Shockley — Editions Rodopi — 2009
  80. 82BookIn the Wake of the WakePhillippe Sollers — University of Wisconsin Press — 1978
  81. 83BookJames Joyce: The Critical HeritageStephen Spender — Barnes & Noble — 1970
  82. 84BookThe Sacred River: An Approach to James JoyceL. A. G. Strong — Methuen — 1949
  83. 85BookJoyce among the JesuitsKevin Sullivan — Columbia University Press — 1958
  84. 86BookEliot, Joyce, and CompanyStanley Sultan — Oxford University Press — 1987
  85. 87BookJames Joyce and Censorship: The Trials of UlyssesPaul Vanderham — New York University Press — 1997
  86. 88BookJames Joyce and Catholicism: The Apostate's WakeChrissie Van Mierlo — Bloomsbury Publishing — 2017
  87. 89BookJoyce's Ulysses: The Larger PerspectiveG. J. Watson — University of Delaware Press — 1987
  88. 90BookInvesting in People: Higher Education in Ireland from 1960 to 2000Tony White — Institute of Public Administration — 2001
  89. 91BookJames Joyce and Absolute MusicMichelle Witen — Bloomsbury — 2018
  90. 92JournalFinnegans awake: The dream of interpretationDerek Attridge — 2013
  91. 93JournalThe Final Apostacy: James Joyce and Finnegans WakeBernard Benstock — 1961
  92. 94JournalTwo James Joyce essays unveiled: "The Centenary of Charles Dickens" and "L'influenza letteraria universale del rinascimento"Louis Berrone et al. — 1976
  93. 95JournalRiders to the Sea/La Cavalcata al Mare by John Millington Synge, translated by James Joyce and Nicolò Vidacovich ReviewRosa Maria Bollettieri Bosinelli — 2013
  94. 96JournalConversations with James JoyceGeorges Borach — 1954
  95. 97JournalJoyce in EnglandGordon Bowker — 2011
  96. 98JournalJoyce's drinkingAustin Briggs — 2011
  97. 99JournalStructure and meaning in Joyce's ExilesSheldon R. Brivic — 1968
  98. 100JournalJames Joyce and the theory of magicCraig Carver — 1978
  99. 101JournalFinnegans Wake: A postmodern vision of world literatureEunkyung Chun — 2015
  100. 102JournalJames Joyce's ExilesJohn Earl Clark — 1968
  101. 103JournalAhab, pizdrool, quarkStelio Crise et al. — 1969
  102. 104JournalA letter from T. S. EliotJack P. Dalton — 1968
  103. 105JournalJoyce's homosocial reckoning: Italo Svevo, aesthetics, and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManNeil R. Davison — 1994
  104. 106JournalSelling Work in ProgressStephen John Dilks — 2004
  105. 107JournalThe heretical Auctoritas of Giordano Bruno: The significance of the brunonian presence in James Joyce's "The Day of the Rabblement" and Stephen HeroGareth Joseph Downes — 2003
  106. 108JournalJoyce's Miscellaneous VersePaul A. Doyle — 1965
  107. 109JournalJoyce and YeatsRichard Ellmann — 1950
  108. 110JournalThe Backgrounds of 'The Dead'Richard Ellmann — 1958
  109. 111JournalJoyce's Ulysses: A database narrativeKent Emerson — 2017
  110. 112JournalThe James Joyce/Paul Léon Papers in the National Library of Ireland: Observations on their cataloguing and research potentialCatherine Fahy — 1993
  111. 113Journal"Ulysses" and Joyce's change of artistic aims: external and internal evidenceMonika Fludernik — 1986
  112. 114JournalHistory's nightmare, fiction's dream: Joyce and the psychohistory of UlyssesChristine Froula — 1990
  113. 115JournalToward a critical text of James Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManHans Walter Gabler — 1974
  114. 116Journal"James Joyce: A Concert of Music" by George Antheil, Othmar Schoeck, Mátyás Gyorgy Seiber, performed by the American Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Leon Botstein, with Collegiate Chorale SingersRichard J. Gerber — 2010
  115. 117JournalMight be what you like, till you hear the words": Joyce in Zurich and the contrapuntal language of UlyssesJürgen E. Grandt — 2003
  116. 118JournalJames Joyce and Italian FuturismCorinna del Greco Lobner — 1985
  117. 119JournalJoyce at work on "Cyclops": Toward a biography of "Ulysses"Michael Groden — 2007
  118. 120JournalThe life chronology of Dubliners (II)Nathan Halper — 1979
  119. 121JournalEighteen way of seeing Joyce's ParisJudith Harrington — 1998
  120. 122JournalJames Joyce, priest and poetMark Patrick Hederman — 1982
  121. 123JournalUlysses and the Rhetoric of CartographyJon Hegglund — 2003
  122. 124JournalJoyce's loss of faithJeffrey Hibbert — 2011
  123. 125JournalFerrero Etc: James Joyce's Debt to Guglielmo FerreroSusan L. Humphreys — 1979
  124. 126JournalChapters of moral history: Failing to publish DublinersClare Hutton — 2003
  125. 127JournalPound's JoyceJoseph Kelly — 1993
  126. 128JournalJoyce's exile: The prodigal sonJoseph Kelly — 2011
  127. 129JournalJoyce's exile: The voice of UlyssesBen D. Kimpel — 1975
  128. 130JournalSpace-time polarity in Finnegans WakeShiv K. Kumar — 1957
  129. 131JournalBeyond Dublin: Joyce and ModernismMorton P. Levitt — 2006
  130. 132JournalA Thankless Occupation: James Joyce and his Translator Ludmila SavitzkyLeonid Livak — Summer 2012
  131. 133JournalJoyce's progress through London: Conquering the English publishing marketEleni Loukopoulou — 2011
  132. 134JournalJames Joyce's Portrait in London's Greek Newspaper Hē Hesperia (1916–20)Eleni Loukopoulou — 2025
  133. 135JournalJames Joyce: Steps towards a diagnosisJ. B. Lyons — 2000
  134. 136JournalJoyce among the brothersJohn W. Mahon — 2004
  135. 137JournalAnnotations for Stephen HeroMarc A. Mamigonian et al. — 2003
  136. 138JournalSticking to the Jesuits: A revisit to Belvedere HouseLeo M. Manglaviti — 2000
  137. 139JournalThe voice from the prompt vox: Otto Luening remembers James Joyce in ZurichTimothy Martin et al. — 1990
  138. 140JournalJames Joyce's shrill note. The Piccolo della SeraarticlesEllsworth Mason — 1956
  139. 141JournalJames Joyce: Triestine Futurist?John McCourt — 1999b
  140. 142JournalSifting through Censorship: The British Home Office Ulysses Files (1922–1936)Carmelo Medina Casado — 2000
  141. 143JournalJoyce's Ulysses and the French publicAdrienne Monnier — 1946
  142. 144JournalOf Contorted Politics: A Note on the VIII.A Notebooks of 1916Dipanjan Maitra — 2016
  143. 145JournalJoyce and the JewsIra B. Nadel — 1986
  144. 146JournalJoyce and ExpressionismIra B. Nadel — 1989
  145. 147JournalAnthologizing Joyce: the example of T. S. EliotIra B. Nadel — 1990
  146. 148JournalThe incomplete joyceIra B. Nadel — 1991
  147. 149JournalTravesties: Tom Stoppard's Joyce and other Dadaist fantasies, or history in a hatIra B. Nadel — 2008
  148. 150Journal"A Splendid Bazaar": The shopper's guide to the New DublinersMark Osteen — 1995b
  149. 151JournalStanislaus Joyce's Book of Days: The Triestine DiaryLaura Pelaschiar — 1999
  150. 152JournalWhat are pomes?Henry Petroski — 1974
  151. 153JournalMadame Blavatsky and theosophy in Finnegans Wake: An Annotated ListLen Platt — 2008
  152. 154JournalJames Joyce's Stephen HeroJoseph Prescott — 1954
  153. 155JournalShakespeare in Trieste: Joyce's 1912 'Hamlet' LecturesWilliam H. Quillian — 1974
  154. 156JournalBruno no, Bruno ii: Note on a contradiction in JoyceJean-Michele Rabaté — 1989
  155. 157JournalConsuming investments: James Joyce's UlyssesLawrence Rainey — 1996
  156. 158JournalThe future of Joyce's A Portrait: The Künstlerroman and hope.David P. Rando — 2016
  157. 159JournalA stranger in the House of Habsburg: Joyce's ramshackle empireRichard Robinson — 2001
  158. 160JournalJames Joyce and TriesteNinny Rocco-Bergera — 1972
  159. 161JournalJames Joyce and Arnold DolmetschLillian M. Ruff — 1969
  160. 162JournalThe English Players Incident: What really happened?Conrad Rushing — 2000
  161. 163Journal"A Grievious Distemper": Joyce and the Rheumatic Fever EpisodeErik Schneider — 2001
  162. 164JournalJames Joyce and the Eastern Orthodox ChurchR. J Schork — 1999
  163. 165JournalVerbivocovisuals: James Joyce and the Problem of BabelJesse Schotter — 2010
  164. 166JournalEvenings at the Volta: Cinematic afterimiages in JoycePhilip Sicker — 2006
  165. 167JournalTake a shaggy dog by the talePeter Spielberg — 1964
  166. 168Journal"Nestor" and the Nightmare: The presence of the Great War in UlyssesRobert Spoo — 1986
  167. 169JournalJoyce's Attitudes toward History: Rome, 1906–07Robert Spoo — 1988
  168. 170JournalBack to 1904: Joyce, Ireland, and nationalism.Susan de Sola Rodstein — 1998
  169. 171JournalJames Joyce and Italo SvevoThomas F. Staley — 1963
  170. 172JournalThe Search for Leopold Bloom: James Joyce and Italo SvevoThomas F. Staley — 1964
  171. 173JournalAustria's Surveillance of Joyce in Pola, Trieste, and ZurichFrank K. Stanzel — 2001
  172. 174JournalThe Merry Greeks (With a Farewell to "epicleti")Wolfhard Steppe — 1995
  173. 175JournalJoycedayStanley Sultan — 2000
  174. 176JournalThe language of Finnegans WakeWilliam Irwin Thompson — 1964
  175. 177JournalJoyce/Pound: Dublin '82E. P. Walkiewicz — 1982
  176. 178JournalThe life chronology of DublinersFlorence L. Walzl — 1977
  177. 179JournalWhat did he know and when did he know it: The Little Review,, Joyce, and UlyssesDavid Weir — 2000
  178. 180JournalFargobawlers: James Joyce and Ford Madox FordJoseph Weisenfarth — 1991
  179. 181Journal"He gave the name": Herbert Gorman's rectifications of James Joyce: His First Forty YearsHugh Witemeyer — 1995
  180. 182JournalThe Odyssey in UlyssesDavid Wykes — 1968
  181. 183JournalAn Italianate Irishman: Joyce and the Languages of TriesteSerenella Zanotti — 2001
  182. 18410 Authors on James JoyceAlison Nastasi — 2014
  183. 18550 Writers Talk About James Joycen.d.
  184. 18611 – 19 Oct 1904 & June/July 1915n.d.
  185. 187NewsJoyce's Religion and PoliticsRichard Ellmann — 2 February 1982b
  186. 188Exhibitions at MoLIn.d.
  187. 189History of the Feis Ceoil Associationn.d.
  188. 190PodcastJames Joyce in Trieste2000
  189. 191NewsJames Joyce: Return writer's remains to Ireland, say Dublin councillorsJack Horgan-Jones — 14 October 2019
  190. 192Characters in Dubliners who reappear in UlyssesMichael Groden — The University of Western Ontario — n.d.
  191. 193MoLI Makes weekend radio debutRob Harnett — 2019
  192. 194NewsThe Irish Times view on James Joyce's remains: leave him be26 October 2019
  193. 195On this day... 17 February17 February 2014
  194. 196NewsAn Irishman's DiaryAnthony Jordan — 20 February 2012
  195. 197NewsRemembering James Joyce, 77 years to the day after his deathAnthony Jordan — 13 January 2018
  196. 198NewsJoycean joy after library says 'yes'Terence Killeen — 7 May 2012
  197. 199MagazineBloomsday is a Travesty, but Not for the Reason You ThinkJames S. Murphy — 2014
  198. 200An Introduction to UlyssesKatherine Mullin — British Library — 2014
  199. 201Prezioso Roberto – Joyce Museum
  200. 202Newman House, 86 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublinn.d.
  201. 203NewsMichael Flatley confirms he owns medal won by James JoyceMichael Parsons — 16 June 2014
  202. 204Pomes Penyeach by James JoyceBritish Library
  203. 205Residents of a house 8.1 in Royal Terrace (Clontarf West, Dublin)1901 Censusn.d.
  204. 206Song and Music in the Works of James Joycen.d.
  205. 207James Joyce CollectionUCL — 2016
  206. 208Ulysses in Court (Little Review, January to March, 1921)Margaret Anderson — n.d.
  207. 209BookShakespeare and CompanySylvia Beach — 1959
  208. 210BookJames Joyce and the Making of UlyssesFrank Budgen — Indiana University Press — 1950
  209. 211BookLife and the DreamMary Colum — Doubleday & Co — 1947
  210. 212JournalReminiscences of a Joyce NieceBozena Berta Delimata — 1981
  211. 213BookPortraits of the Artist in Exile: Recollections of James Joyce by EuropeansAlessandro Francini Bruni — University of Washington Press — 1979
  212. 214BookPortraits of the Artist in Exile: Recollections of James Joyce by EuropeansNino Frank — University of Washington Press — 1979
  213. 215BookJames Joyce: Interviews and RecollectionsOliver St. John Gogarty — Palgrave MacMillian — 1990
  214. 216BookJames JoyceHerbert Sherman Gorman — Rinehart — 1948
  215. 217BookTwo essays: "A Forgotten Aspect of the University Question" by F. J. C. Skeffington and "The Day of the Rabblement by James A. JoyceJames Joyce — Gerrard Brothers — 1901
  216. 218BookLetters of James JoyceJames Joyce — Viking Press — 1957
  217. 219BookLetters of James JoyceJames Joyce — Faber and Faber — 1966a
  218. 220BookLetters of James JoyceJames Joyce — Faber and Faber — 1966b
  219. 221BookDublin DiaryStanislaus Joyce — Cornell University Press — 1962
  220. 222JournalJames Joyce: A MemoirStanislaus Joyce — 1950
  221. 223BookRecollections of James JoyceStanislaus Joyce — James Joyce Society — 1950
  222. 224BookMy Brother's Keeper: James Joyce's Early YearsStanislaus Joyce — Viking Press — 1958
  223. 225BookJames Joyce: Interviews and RecollectionsEileen Joyce Schaurek — Palgrave MacMillian — 1990
  224. 226JournalJames JoyceValery Larbaud — 1922
  225. 227BookOdyssey of an American Composer: The Autobiography of Otto LueningOtto Luening — Charles Scribner's Sons — 1980
  226. 228BookPound/Joyce: The Letters of Ezra Pound to James Joyce, with Pound's Essays on JoyceEzra Loomis Pound — New Directions — 1967
  227. 229NewsJames Joyce, a new Irish novelistJohn Quinn — 2014
  228. 230BookPortraits of the Artist in Exile: Recollections of James Joyce by EuropeansAugust Suter — University of Washington Press — 1979
  229. 231BookJames JoyceItalo Svevo — City Lights Books — 1950
  230. 232BookThe World of Yesterday: An AutobiographyStephen Zweig — University of Nebraska Press — 1964
  231. 233BookThe Workshop of Daedalus: James Joyce and the Raw Materials for A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManJames Joyce — 1965
  232. 234The Holy OfficeJames Joyce — 1904b
  233. 235BookPortrait of the Artist as a Young ManJames Joyce — B. W. Huebsch — 1916b
  234. 236BookUlyssesJames Joyce — The Egoist Press — 1922
  235. 237Text of Finnegans Wake at Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario.James Joyce — 1990
  236. 238BookThe Critical Writings of James JoyceJames Joyce — Cornell University Press — 1989
  237. 239BookPoemsWilliam Butler Yeats — T. Fisher Unwin — 1912

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