Real Madrid CF
Real Madrid began on the 6th of March 1902 in the back room of Al Capricho, a business run by the Padrós family. Brothers Juan and Carlos Padrós had summoned football enthusiasts to a meeting there. A board presided over by Juan Padrós had just been elected, and the name Madrid Football Club was accepted unanimously. Dues were set at two pesetas a month. The brothers believed football should be open to people from every social class, and they wanted the club to say so. More than a century later, the members still own and run it, which is rare among European sporting clubs. In 2024 it became the first football club to earn €1 billion in revenue, and it was valued at an estimated $6.6 billion. How did a club born in a family back room become the most decorated in Europe? What did a king, a republic and a dictator do to its name and its crest? And why does a club famous for buying the world's best players also depend on its own youth academy? The answers begin with a quarrel among the footballers of Madrid.
Football reached Madrid through the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, whose academics and students included several Cambridge and Oxford graduates. In 1897 they founded Sky Football and played at Moncloa. Because it was the only club based in the city, everyone called it La Sociedad, meaning The Society.
In 1900 a conflict among the members split the group. Some walked out and formed the Nueva Sociedad de Football, or New Society of Football, to set themselves apart. Among them was Julián Palacios, recognized as the first Real Madrid president, together with Juan and Carlos Padrós, both future presidents. The breakaway club was renamed Madrid Football Club in 1901. After a restructuring in 1902, the old Sky Football became the New Foot-Ball Club.
The first trophy came in 1905, only three years after the founding meeting. Madrid FC beat Athletic Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final. On the 4th of January 1909, club president Adolfo Meléndez signed the foundation agreement of the Royal Spanish Football Federation, which made Madrid one of its founding sides.
The first Spanish league was founded in 1929, and Madrid led that inaugural season until the last match. A loss to Athletic Bilbao in that final game left the club runners-up to Barcelona. Madrid won its first league title in 1931-32 and kept it the following year. Both titles were won while the club was officially missing a word from its name.
The earliest crest was a decorative tangle of three initials, MCF, in dark blue on a white shirt. In 1908 the letters became more streamlined and were set inside a circle. Under president Pedro Parages in 1920, King Alfonso XIII granted his royal patronage in the form of the title Real, meaning Royal. A crown was added to the crest, and the club styled itself Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.
On the 14th of April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic stripped away the crown and the title. A dark mulberry band, taken from the Region of Castile, replaced the crown, and the club went back to being Madrid Football Club until the end of the Civil War. In 1941, two years after the Nationalist victory, the Francoist regime restored the Royal Crown and the honorific name. The mulberry stripe stayed, and the whole crest became full colour, with gold the most prominent. The latest change came in 2001, when the stripe turned a bluer shade.
The white shirt owes its origin to Corinthian, an English team that Juan Padrós met on one of his trips. Corinthian was famous at the time for elegance and sportsmanship. In 1926 Padrós pushed the imitation further and Madrid wore black shorts for a single season. That year Barcelona knocked the club out of the Copa del Rey, winning 5-1 in Madrid and 2-0 in Catalonia. President Parages returned to all white, claiming the other kit brought bad luck.
In the early 1940s buttons were added to the shirt, and the crest moved to the left breast, where it has stayed. On the 23rd of November 1947, in a match against Atlético Madrid at the Metropolitano Stadium, Madrid became the first Spanish team to wear numbered shirts. Leeds United switched from blue to white in the 1960s to copy the dominant Madrid of the era. The traditional away colours are all blue or all purple.
The first shirt sponsor was Zanussi, which agreed to three seasons beginning in 1982-83. Adidas has made the kit since 1998. In 2015 the club signed a new ten-year deal believed to be worth £850 million, about £59 million a season. It includes a clause allowing penalty or termination if the club fails to qualify for European competition or is relegated. Emirates became the shirt sponsor in 2013, and its 2017 renewal ran to 2022 at €70 million per year. The kit supplier table also lists a deal announced in 2020, running to 2028 and worth a total of €1.1 billion.
Santiago Bernabéu became president in 1943 and held the job for almost 35 years. The club he inherited had to be rebuilt after the Civil War. He oversaw construction of the current stadium and of the Ciudad Deportiva training facilities. Beginning in 1953, he pursued a strategy of signing world-class players from abroad.
The most lasting thing Bernabéu helped build was a tournament. In 1955 the French sports journalist Gabriel Hanot, editor of L'Équipe, proposed a continental competition for league champions. Bernabéu, Ernest Bedrignan of the Ligue de Football Professionnel, and Gusztáv Sebes created the European Cup, known today as the UEFA Champions League. Real Madrid then won it five times in a row between 1956 and 1960. The fifth final was a 7-3 win over Eintracht Frankfurt at Hampden Park. After those victories the club was permanently awarded the original cup and earned the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour.
The domestic record was just as lopsided. From 1953-54 to 1968-69 Madrid won twelve league titles out of sixteen, including five in a row from 1961 to 1965. It also finished runners-up three further times.
In 1966 Madrid won a sixth European Cup, beating Partizan Belgrade 2-1 in the final. The team was made up entirely of players of one nationality, a first in the competition. It became known as the Yé-yé. Four of its members had posed for the sports newspaper Marca while impersonating The Beatles, and the name came from the chorus of "She Loves You". The same generation had been European Cup runners-up in 1962 and 1964.
The 1970s brought six league championships and three Spanish Cups. In 1970-71 the club played its first European Cup Winners' Cup and reached the final, where it lost to Chelsea 2-1 in a replay. Bernabéu died on the 2nd of July 1978 while the World Cup was being played in Argentina. FIFA decreed three days of mourning in his honour during the tournament. His presidency had delivered one Intercontinental Cup, six European Cups, 16 league titles, six Spanish Cups, two Latin Cups and one Copa Eva Duarte. The following year the club held the first Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu in his memory.
On the 13th of June 1943, Madrid hosted Barcelona in the second leg of a Copa del Generalísimo semi-final. Barcelona had won the first leg 3-0 at Les Corts. Madrid complained about all three goals, blamed the referee Fombona Fernández, and accused the home crowd of whistling throughout. The newspaper Ya described the whistling as a "clear intention to attack the representatives of Spain". Barcelona supporters were banned from travelling to Madrid.
The atmosphere in Madrid was hostile before kickoff. Stones were thrown at the Barcelona bus as it left the hotel. Barcelona's striker Mariano Gonzalvo recalled: "Five minutes before the game had started, our penalty area was already full of coins." Madrid led 2-0 within half an hour. Benito García of Barcelona was then sent off for a tackle that Francisco Calvet insisted was completely normal. By half-time it was 8-0, and the match finished 11-1. Barcelona's reserve goalkeeper Fernando Argila said: "There was no rivalry. Not, at least, until that game." Football writer Sid Lowe wrote that the match "first formed the identification of Madrid as the team of the dictatorship and Barcelona as its victims."
Historians largely agree that Franco had no favourite team. His Spanish nationalism drew him toward establishment sides, and in the early years of his rule Atlético Aviación was believed to be preferred over Madrid. The European Cup victories of the 1950s changed that. According to historians, Franco came to see the club's value to his regime's international image. Fernando Maria Castiella, foreign minister from 1957 until 1969, said: "Real Madrid is the best embassy we have ever had." Under Franco's rule Madrid won 14 league titles and six European Cups, while Barcelona won eight league titles and nine Copa del Generalísimo trophies. Barcelona's motto, Més que un club, meaning More than a club, grew out of its link to Catalan identity in that period. As of June 2025, the Clásico record stood at 105 wins for Madrid, 104 for Barcelona and 52 draws.
The most contested story of the era involved Alfredo Di Stéfano. He had impressed both clubs while playing for Los Millonarios in Bogotá, Colombia, during a players' strike in his native Argentina. Barcelona directors travelled to Buenos Aires and agreed a deal with River Plate, the last FIFA-affiliated team to hold his rights. The price was the equivalent of 150 million Italian lira, or 200,000 dollars by other accounts.
FIFA appointed Armando Muñoz Calero, a former president of the Spanish federation, as mediator. His ruling had Di Stéfano alternating seasons between the two cities. Barcelona members were so unhappy with the compromise that their president was forced to resign in September 1953. Barcelona then sold Madrid its half-share, and Di Stéfano signed a four-year contract with Los Blancos. Madrid paid 5.5 million pesetas, plus a bonus of 1.3 million. Di Stéfano scored twice in his first game against Barcelona. The rivalry soon reached Europe. Madrid beat Barcelona on the way to the 1959-60 European Cup title, and the next year Barcelona returned the favour on its way to a lost final.
The Campo de O'Donnell was Madrid's home from 1912 and remained so for 11 years. The club then spent a single year at the Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground holding 8,000 spectators. On the 17th of May 1923, the Estadio Chamartín opened with a match against Newcastle United. It held 22,500 spectators, and it was where Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.
Bernabéu judged Chamartín too small for the club's ambitions. The new stadium opened on the 14th of December 1947 as Nuevo Chamartín. It was renamed in his honour in 1955. The first match was a 3-1 win over the Portuguese club Belenenses, with Sabino Barinaga scoring the first goal. A 1953 expansion lifted capacity to a peak of 120,000. The official attendance record is 129,690, for a European Cup match against Milan in 1956. The last standing areas disappeared in 1998-99, after UEFA banned standing at European matches. Capacity now stands at 81,044.
The ground has hosted the final of the 1964 European Championship and the 1982 World Cup final. It also staged European Cup or Champions League finals in 1957, 1969-1980 and 2010. A renovation began in 2019. It adds a tier that raises capacity by about 4,000, makes the stadium ten metres taller, and brings a retractable roof, a retractable pitch and a 360-degree screen. The COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine disrupted supply chains, so the unveiling slipped to 2023.
The Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated on the 9th of May 2006 at the training site in Valdebebas. The opening match was a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final against Reims, and Madrid won 6-1. The 5,000-seat ground is home to Real Madrid Castilla. During the late stretch of the 2019-20 season and all of 2020-21, it hosted the first team while the Bernabéu was rebuilt.
Season tickets cover most seats on match days, with their number capped at 65,000. Buying one requires becoming a socio, or club member. The club also counts more than 1,800 peñas, official supporters' groups in Spain and around the world. In April 2017, Real Madrid became the first sports team, and the first brand, to reach 100 million fans on Facebook.
The hardcore supporters are the Ultras Sur, known for extreme right-wing politics. UEFA investigated them several times after racial abuse of opposing players. Florentino Pérez banned them from the Bernabéu and gave their seats to the general public. Some of the faithful objected that the atmosphere would suffer. The Ultras have since protested outside the stadium and demanded to be let back in. One famous supporter, the golfer Sergio García, took the honorary kickoff for a Clásico at the Bernabéu wearing the green jacket from his 2017 Masters win.
In the early 1980s Madrid lost its grip on La Liga, and a group of homegrown players brought it back. The journalist Julio César Iglesias called them La Quinta del Buitre, meaning Vulture's Cohort. The name came from the nickname of Emilio Butragueño. The other four were Manolo Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza, who left for Zaragoza in 1986. All five were graduates of the club's youth academy, founded in the 1950s by former amateur player Miguel Malbo. Today it is called La Fábrica, and it has also produced Raúl, Iker Casillas and Dani Carvajal. It has supplied more players to Europe's top five leagues than any other academy. With Hugo Sánchez and others, the cohort won five Spanish championships in a row and two UEFA Cups in the second half of the 1980s.
Florentino Pérez was elected president in July 2000. He promised to erase a €270 million debt and modernize the facilities. The promise that actually won him the election was to sign Luís Figo from Barcelona. The following year the club had its training ground rezoned, and the money funded a new plan. Every summer the club would sign a global star, and the roster grew to include Zinedine Zidane, Ronaldo, Figo, David Beckham and Fabio Cannavaro. Away from the pitch, the Zidanes y Pavones policy paired those stars with academy players. It brought financial success from marketing, particularly in Asia.
The results were mixed. The Champions League and an Intercontinental Cup arrived in 2002, followed by La Liga in 2003. Then the club went three seasons without a major trophy. After the 2003 title, Pérez sacked winning coach Vicente del Bosque. Captain Fernando Hierro left, and Claude Makélélé refused to train in protest at being among the lowest-paid players before moving to Chelsea. Zidane remarked: "That's a lot of players leaving when the normal rule is: never change a winning team". Pérez resigned on the 27th of February 2006, after a fourth straight Champions League exit, this time against Arsenal.
Pérez returned on the 1st of June 2009, amid outrage over the club's decline. That summer he bought Kaká from Milan for a record £56 million. He then broke the record again by paying £80 million, or €94 million, to Manchester United for Cristiano Ronaldo. The club spent more than €261 million in total, and the squad was dubbed the Second Galácticos.
The record fees kept coming. Zidane had cost €77.5 million in 2001. Documents leaked in January 2016 confirmed Gareth Bale's fee at €100,759,418. Eden Hazard arrived in 2019 for a reported €115 million. The club's biggest sale came on the 10th of July 2018, when Juventus paid €117 million for Ronaldo.
In 1998 Predrag Mijatović scored the only goal against Juventus under manager Jupp Heynckes. It ended a 32-year wait for a seventh European Cup. Two years later Vicente del Bosque won the eighth, a 3-0 victory over Valencia with goals from Morientes, McManaman and Raúl.
On the 25th of June 2013, Carlo Ancelotti succeeded José Mourinho, with Zidane as one of his assistants. The Champions League semi-final brought a 5-0 aggregate win over defending champions Bayern Munich. The final against Atlético Madrid ended 4-1 after extra time, and it made Madrid the first team with ten European Cups. The achievement is known as La Décima. The attacking trio of Bale, Benzema and Cristiano, dubbed the BBC, scored 97 goals that season.
Zidane took over as head coach on the 4th of January 2016, his first such job. Against Wolfsburg, Madrid lost the away leg 0-2 and then won 3-0 at home through a Cristiano Ronaldo hat-trick. The final against Atlético ended 1-1, and Madrid won the penalty shoot-out 5-3 for La Undécima. In 2017 a victory over Juventus made Madrid the first team to defend the title in the Champions League era. In 2018 a 3-1 win over Liverpool completed three straight titles. Zidane resigned only five days later, citing the club's "need for change".
In 2022, Ancelotti was back, and Madrid were not favoured. They beat Paris Saint-Germain, Chelsea and Manchester City in dramatic fashion. A lone goal from Vinícius Júnior against Liverpool brought the 14th European Cup. In 2024 Madrid beat Borussia Dortmund 2-0 in the final for a record 15th title without losing a single match in the campaign. Along the way, Joselu scored twice late against Bayern Munich in the semi-final to turn a 1-0 deficit around.
The record book reflects those nights. Raúl made 741 appearances between 1994 and 2010, with Casillas second on 725. Ronaldo scored 450 goals in 438 matches. Iván Zamorano scored the club's fastest goal, in 13 seconds against Sevilla on the 3rd of September 1994. From the 17th of February 1957 until the 7th of March 1965, the club went 121 league matches without losing at home.
Then came 2024-25. Kylian Mbappé joined from Paris Saint-Germain on a free transfer in July 2024, and the club won the inaugural FIFA Intercontinental Cup by beating Pachuca 3-0. Yet Madrid finished runners-up to Barcelona in all three domestic competitions, and Arsenal eliminated them 5-1 on aggregate in the Champions League quarter-finals. Ancelotti left after winning 15 titles in two spells, the most of any manager in the club's history. Xabi Alonso arrived on the 25th of May 2025, and he left on the 12th of January 2026 after a 3-2 Supercopa loss to Barcelona. Álvaro Arbeloa took over a day later and lost his first match to Albacete in the Copa del Rey. Bayern Munich knocked Madrid out of the Champions League 6-4 on aggregate.
On the 7th of May 2026, Valverde and Aurélien Tchouaméni fought, and Valverde needed stitches after hitting his head. The club fined each player €500 thousand. Three days later, Madrid lost 2-0 to Barcelona, who secured the title for the 29th time at the refurbished Spotify Camp Nou.
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Updated
Common questions
When and where was Real Madrid founded?
Madrid Football Club was officially founded on the 6th of March 1902 at a meeting in the back room of Al Capricho, the Padrós family business.
Why is the club called Real Madrid?
King Alfonso XIII granted the title Real, meaning Royal, in 1920. The Second Spanish Republic removed it in 1931, and it returned after the Civil War.
Why does Real Madrid wear white?
The white shirt honours Corinthian, an English team known for elegance and sportsmanship that Juan Padrós met on one of his trips.
What was the Yé-yé team?
It was the side that won the 1966 European Cup, made up entirely of players of one nationality. Its name came from The Beatles' song "She Loves You", after four players posed for Marca impersonating the band.
Who owns Real Madrid?
The club's members have owned and operated it throughout its history, which is unusual among European sporting clubs.
All sources
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- 225The Bernabéu is now EliteJavier Palomino — Realmadrid.com — 14 November 2007
- 226This one's for you, Alfredo!Realmadrid.com — 10 May 2006
- 227NewsThe changes Real Madrid must make to play their games at the Di StéfanoTomás Roncero — 22 April 2020
- 228NewsReal Madrid hope €525m Bernabeu renovation gives them 'best stadium in world'24 September 2018
- 229NewsFive things you didn't know about the new Bernabeu - MARCA in English7 September 2021
- 232Real Madrid present the new Santiago Bernabéu2 April 2019
- 233Santiago Bernabeu full opening delayed until 2023Ruairidh Barlow — football-espana.net — 18 June 2022
- 234Legends — Manolo Sanchís Hontiyuelarealmadrid.com
- 237NewsQuickfire Ronaldo proves Real heroCNN.com — 3 December 2003
- 238Carmena da luz verde a la cubierta del Santiago Bernabéu12 October 2016
- 240HistoryUEFA
- 241HistoryUEFA
- 242NewsReal Madrid equal Santos' run of 73 consecutive games scoring20 September 2017
- 243NewsHistory of the world transfer record11 June 2009
- 244NewsMan Utd accept £80m Ronaldo bid11 June 2009
- 245NewsGareth Bale contract leak sparks panic at Real Madrid – and agent's fury21 January 2016
- 246Hazard: 100 million euros plus variables7 June 2019
- 247Press releaseCristiano Ronaldo signs for Juventus!10 July 2018
- 249NewsReal Madrid C.F. Reaches The 100 Million Likes Mark on FacebookPR Newswire — 3 April 2017
- 250NewsReal Madrid eclipse 100 million likes on FacebookRealmadrid.com
- 251NewsReal supporters reported to Spanish FA19 April 2005
- 252NewsUEFA investigate Real Madrid supporters25 November 2004
- 253NewsReal Madrid moves to send off Ultras Sur fansAshifa Kassam — 9 December 2013
- 254NewsA Bernabéu without 'Ultras'9 December 2013
- 255NewsUltras Sur protest outside BernabeuFootball Espana — 9 December 2013
- 256Sergio Ramos: "Real Madrid is God's team"Lucas Navarrete — 19 December 2014
- 258Ghemawat, Pankaj. p. 2.
- 260BookEl Clasico: Barcelona v Real Madrid: Football's Greatest RivalryRichard Fitzpatrick — Bloomsbury — 2012
- 262Ham, Anthony p. 221
- 263Ball, Phil p. 88
- 264THE STORY OF REAL MADRID AND THE FRANCO REGIMEthesefootballtimes.co — 27 September 2017
- 266NewsAlfredo di Stéfano was one of football's greatest trailblazers7 July 2014
- 267MacWilliam, Rab; MacDonald, Tom. p. 180
- 268Ball, Phil. pp. 83–85
- 269NewsReal win Champions League showdown11 December 2008
- 272NewsCristiano Ronaldo scores and is sent off in win over Barcelona14 August 2017
- 273Why everything you know about the Madrid derby might be wrongRichard Ballout — 7 January 2015
- 274Franco, Real Madrid and Spanish football's eternal power struggleRichard FITZPATRICK — 7 October 2012
- 275Real have won El Derbi madrileño 75 times.
- 280H2H statisticsÁlvaro Velasco — espn.co.uk — 17 January 2008
- 281Real Madrid win Champions League, seal tenth title after dramatic comebackJoe Prince-Wright — NBC Sports — 24 May 2014
- 282Atlético Madrid overwhelm Real to show they will battle to keep titleSid Lowe — 7 February 2015
- 283Madrid Rivals Return to Champions League FinalTales Azzoni — AP
- 284El viejo Clásico español, Athletic–Madrid, se despide de San MamésRTVE — 14 April 2013
- 286NewsLos Athletic-Real Madrid están a punto de cumplir 97 añosCarlos Forjanes — 18 March 2017
- 287NewsEl Clásico de los Clásicos: 216 partidos oficiales10 December 2011
- 288NewsPete Jenson: Athletic Bilbao's locals-only transfer policy shows success does not need to be boughtPete Jenson — 26 August 2014
- 289Past seasons (filter: versus Real Madrid, League Championship)Athletic Bilbao
- 291NewsMorbo: The Story of Spanish Football by Phil Ball (London: WSC Books, 2001)Sid Lowe — 26 March 2001
- 292Real Madrid repelled as Gorka Iraizoz emulates the Squid18 January 2010
- 293Bayern Munich and Real Madrid form one of the Champions League's richest and most intense historical rivalriesMiguel Delaney — 11 April 2017
- 294Bayern Munich vs. Real Madrid: A Champions League classicBundesliga — 11 April 2017
- 295Real Madrid – Record against Bayern München17 May 2023
- 298El loco del Bernabéu escenificó la guerra: contigo empezó todoABC — 24 April 2018
- 300Juventus v Real Madrid: one of Europe's grandest rivalriesUEFA — 2 April 2018
- 302Real Madrid-Juventus, the second most played match in the European CupReal Madrid CF — 3 August 2018
- 304NewsZidane in £48m Real dealJohn Ley — 9 July 2001
- 305CL: Juve heartbreak at the BernabeuFootball Italia — 11 April 2018
- 306Buffon: Referee 'has a trashcan in place of a heart'11 April 2018
- 308Three in a row: Real Madrid make more historyPaul Saffer — UEFA — 26 May 2018
- 309NewsEU investigates Real Madrid property dealElizabeth Nash — 4 March 2004
- 310NewsMistakes are forbiddenCNN/Sports Illustrated — 8 May 2001
- 311MagazineThe Most Valuable Soccer Teams30 April 2008
- 312MagazineThe Most Valuable Soccer Teams – Manchester United30 April 2008
- 313NewsDeloitte Football Money LeagueDeloitte — 20 October 2003
- 314Real Madrid plan to open their own theme parkTheSpoiler.co.uk — 4 September 2009
- 315Official inauguration of Real Madrid World in Dubai, the world's first football club theme parkReal Madrid — 13 November 2024
- 316Noticiasupcomillas.es
- 317MagazineThe Business of Soccer21 April 2010
- 318MagazineSoccer Team Valuations30 June 2009
- 320How Real Madrid can afford their transfer spending splurge? – ESPN SoccernetESPN — 12 June 2009
- 321Peterson, Marc p. 25
- 322BookHandbook on the economics of sportWladimir Andreff et al. — Edward Elgar Publishing — 2006
- 323Real Madrid drama. The oldest supporter diedziare.com — 2010
- 324The Swiss Ramble: Real Madrid And Financial Fair PlayThe Swiss Rambler — Swissramble.blogspot.ie — 21 June 2011
- 327MagazineReal Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams15 July 2013
- 328Deloitte Football Money League 2022Deloitte — 21 March 2022
- 329Barcelona become first sports team to average £10m a year in wages25 November 2018
- 331NewsReal Madrid become first football club to generate more than €1bn in revenueSean Ingle — 23 January 2025
- 332Real, The MovieJonathan Holland — 2005-09-28
- 333Real Madrid launches Legends music albumReal Madrid CF — 2011
- 334Real Madrid TV goes beyond!Real Madrid Club de Fútbol
- 335Hala Madrid quarterly magazineReal Madrid
- 336NewsFrom Handel to Hala Madrid: music of championsUEFA — 8 January 2015
- 340Spain – List of Super Cup FinalsCarnicero, José et al. — 25 August 2016
- 341From Fairs Cup via UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa LeagueUnion of European Football Associations (UEFA)
- 342Latin Cup
- 343The Ibero-American Cup was won 31 years agoREAL MADRID C.F. — 25 May 2025
- 345Intercontinental Club CupMagnani, Loris et al. — Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation — 30 April 2005
- 346Real Madrid squadReal Madrid CF
- 349BookReal MadridDénes, Tamás et al. — Aréna 2000 — 2002
- 350BookMorbo: The Story of Spanish FootballBall, Phil — WSC Books Limited — 2003
- 351BookWhite Storm: The Story of Real MadridBall, Phil — Mainstream — 2003
- 352BookEl Macca: Four Years with Real MadridMcManaman, Steve et al. — Simon & Schuster — 2003
- 353BookReal Madrid: Cien años de leyenda, 1902–2002Luis Miguel González et al. — Everest — 2002
- 354BookThe Real Madrid Way: How Values Created the Most Successful Sports Team on the PlanetMandis, Steven G. — BenBella Books — 2016