When and where was John von Neumann born?
John von Neumann was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1903. He lived in an eighteen-room apartment on the top floor of a building above the Kann-Heller offices.
John von Neumann was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1903. He lived in an eighteen-room apartment on the top floor of a building above the Kann-Heller offices.
In 1925, John von Neumann introduced the axiom of foundation to resolve Russell's paradox by preventing any set from belonging to itself. This technique required every set to be constructed from the bottom up in an ordered succession while distinguishing classes as collections that do not belong to other classes.
In 1932, John von Neumann published Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics to represent quantum states as points in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. His framework showed that observable quantities like position or momentum appeared as linear operators acting on these spaces with non-commutativity translating directly into the uncertainty principle.
The minimax theorem emerged from John von Neumann's 1928 proof regarding zero-sum games with perfect information where optimal strategies exist to minimize maximum losses. By 1944, he extended these ideas to imperfect information and multi-player scenarios in Theory of Games and Economic Behavior co-authored with Oskar Morgenstern.
John von Neumann wrote The First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC in 1945 describing a stored-program architecture where data and instructions shared the same address space. This design became the basis for most modern computers after nullifying patent claims by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
During World War II, John von Neumann consulted for the Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory on explosive lenses for implosion-type nuclear weapons. He developed mathematical models ensuring uniform compression of plutonium cores and created artificial viscosity algorithms smoothing shock transitions without sacrificing physics alongside Robert D. Richtmyer.