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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

  • Albert EinsteinOn the 14th of March 1879, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm within the Kingdom of Württemberg. His parents were Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
  • Arthur E. BrysonArthur Earl Bryson Jr. entered the U.S. Navy V-12 program at Iowa State College in 1943. He studied aeronautical engineering while serving as a cadet during…
  • Robert Lucas Jr.Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. was born on the 15th of September 1937 in Yakima, Washington. His parents ran an ice creamery there before it failed during the…
  • Edward ThorndikeEdward Lee Thorndike was born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts. His father Edward R Thorndike served as a Methodist minister in Lowell, Massachusetts.
  • Enrico FermiEnrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on the 29th of September 1901. He grew up at Via Gaeta 19 with his parents Alberto and Ida de Gattis.
  • Charles David KeelingCharles David Keeling was born on the 20th of April 1928 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. His father Ralph worked as an investment banker and sparked a…
  • Thomas EdisonIn 1862, a fifteen-year-old Thomas Edison stood on the tracks near Port Huron, Michigan. He watched a runaway train approach three children who could not…
  • Jon KleinbergJon Michael Kleinberg was born in 1971 in Boston, Massachusetts. His father Eugene worked as a mathematics professor at SUNY Buffalo.
  • Joseph StiglitzJoseph Eugene Stiglitz was born on the 9th of February, 1943 in Gary, Indiana. He grew up in a Jewish family where his mother Charlotte worked as a…
  • Noam ChomskyNoam Chomsky was born on the 7th of December 1928 in the East Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents were Ashkenazi Jewish…
  • George AkerlofGeorge Arthur Akerlof arrived in New Haven, Connecticut on the 17th of June 1940. His mother Rosalie Clara Grubber was a housewife of German Jewish descent…
  • Allen NewellAllen Newell stood at Stanford University in 1949 holding a bachelor's degree in physics. He moved to Princeton University that same year to study…
  • John von NeumannBudapest, 1903. A boy named Neumann János Lajos sat at a table in an eighteen-room apartment on the top floor of a building above the Kann-Heller offices.
  • Milton FriedmanMilton Friedman was born on the 31st of July 1912 in Brooklyn, New York City. His parents were Jewish working-class immigrants from Beregszász in Carpathian…
  • David LandesDavid Saul Landes entered the world on the 29th of April 1924. He began his higher education journey at City College of New York in 1942.
  • Robert R. GilruthRobert Rowe Gilruth was born on the 8th of October 1913 in Nashwauk, Minnesota. He moved to Duluth when he was nine years old and graduated from Duluth…
  • Marvin MinskyMarvin Lee Minsky was born on the 9th of August 1927 in New York City. His father Henry worked as an eye surgeon while his mother Fannie served as a Zionist…
  • Paul SamuelsonPaul Samuelson was born in Gary, Indiana, on the 15th of May 1915. His family consisted of upwardly mobile Jewish immigrants from Poland who had prospered…
  • James TobinJames Tobin entered the world on the 5th of March 1918 in Champaign, Illinois. His father Louis Michael Tobin worked as a journalist at the University of…
  • Mark GranovetterMark Granovetter stood at the front of Henry Snyder High School in Jersey City, New Jersey, on a day in January 1961. He was the valedictorian of his class…
  • Hans SuessHans Eduard Suess entered the world on the 16th of December 1909 in Austria. He carried a significant family name as the grandson of geologist Eduard Suess.
  • Edward TellerEde Teller was born on the 15th of January 1908, in Budapest, then part of Austria-Hungary. He grew up in a Jewish family where his father Miksa worked as an…
  • Carl WiemanCarl Edwin Wieman was born on the 26th of March 1951 in Corvallis, Oregon. His father N. Orr Wieman and mother Alison Marjorie Fry raised him there before he…
  • Eric Allin CornellEric Allin Cornell arrived in Palo Alto, California on the 19th of December 1961. His parents were finishing their graduate studies at Stanford University…
  • Eugene WignerEugene Paul Wigner was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary on the 17th of November 1902. He grew up as the son of Elisabeth Elsa Einhorn and Antal Anton…
  • Claude ShannonClaude Elwood Shannon was born on the 30th of April 1916 in a hospital near Petoskey, Michigan. His family lived in the small town of Gaylord where he spent…
  • Herbert A. SimonHerbert Alexander Simon was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on the 15th of June 1916. His father Arthur Simon arrived from Germany in 1903 after earning an…
  • Yann LeCunYann André Le Cun was born on the 8th of July 1960 in Soisy-sous-Montmorency, a suburb of Paris. His family name traces back to the old Breton form Le Cunff…
  • Daniel KahnemanDaniel Kahneman was born in Tel Aviv on the 5th of March 1934 while his mother Rachel visited her family. His parents were Lithuanian Jews who had moved to…
  • Oliver Hart (economist)Oliver Simon D'Arcy Hart entered the world on the 9th of October 1948. He was born in Britain to parents who both worked in medicine.
  • James HansenJames Edward Hansen was born on the 29th of March 1941 in Denison, Iowa. He grew up as the son of James Ivan Hansen and Gladys Ray Hansen.
  • Gilbert N. LewisG. N. Lewis was born in 1875 in Weymouth, Massachusetts, where a street now bears his name as G.N. Lewis Way off Summer Street.
  • Hermann WeylHermann Klaus Hugo Weyl entered the world on the 9th of November 1885 in Elmshorn. This small town sat near Hamburg within Germany.
  • Michael E. BrownMichael E. Brown was born on the 5th of June 1965 in Alabama. He grew up in Huntsville and graduated from Virgil I. Grissom High School in 1983.
  • B. F. SkinnerBurrhus Frederic Skinner was born on the 20th of March 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His father William Skinner worked as a lawyer while his mother…
  • Gary BeckerGary Stanley Becker was born on the 2nd of December 1930 in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. He grew up in a Jewish family within that small coal-mining town.
  • Susan AtheySusan Carleton Athey was born on the 29th of November 1970 in Boston, Massachusetts. She grew up in Rockville, Maryland with parents who worked as an English…
  • James HeckmanJames Joseph Heckman entered the world on the 19th of April 1944. He grew up in Chicago, Illinois, born to John Jacob Heckman and Bernice Irene Medley.
  • Edwin HubbleEdwin Powell Hubble was born on the 20th of November 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri. His early years were defined by physical dominance rather than academic…
  • John McCarthy (computer scientist)John McCarthy was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on the 4th of September 1927. His father came from Cromane, a small fishing village in County Kerry, Ireland.
  • Cynthia DworkCynthia Dwork received her Bachelor of Science in Engineering from Princeton University in 1979. She graduated Cum Laude that year and earned the Charles Ira…
  • Judea PearlJudea Pearl entered the world on the 4th of September 1936 in Tel Aviv. This city sat within the British Mandate for Palestine at that time.
  • Elinor OstromElinor Claire Awan was born on the 7th of August 1933 in Los Angeles, California. Her mother Leah Hopkins worked as a musician while her father Adrian Awan…
  • James Samuel ColemanJames Samuel Coleman was born on the 12th of May 1926 in Bedford, Indiana. He spent his early childhood there before moving to Louisville, Kentucky.
  • Lawrence KleinLawrence Robert Klein entered the world on the 14th of September 1920 in Omaha, Nebraska. His father Leo Byron Klein and mother Blanche Monheit raised him…
  • Francis Amasa WalkerFrancis Amasa Walker entered the world on the 2nd of July 1840, in a prominent family home in Boston. His father was Amasa Walker, an economist and…
  • Linus PaulingLinus Carl Pauling was born on the 28th of February 1901, in Portland, Oregon. His father Herman Henry William Pauling worked as a traveling salesman for the…
  • William BaumolWilliam Jack Baumol was born on the 26th of February 1922 in the South Bronx. His parents Solomon and Lillian had both immigrated to America from Eastern…