Short answers, pulled from the story.
John von Neumann was a Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist and engineer who lived from 1903 to 1957. He made major contributions to mathematics, physics, economics, computing, and statistics, including game theory, the mathematical framework of quantum physics, and the design of the modern digital computer.
John von Neumann made his principal contribution to the atomic bomb in the concept and design of the explosive lenses that compressed the plutonium core of the Fat Man weapon. He developed the mathematical models behind the implosion-type nuclear weapon as part of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos.
John von Neumann was a founding figure in computing whose First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC described a computer storing both data and program in the same address space, the basis of most modern digital designs. He invented the merge sort algorithm in 1945, contributed to the Monte Carlo method, and helped create the field of cellular automata.
John von Neumann founded game theory as a mathematical discipline and proved his minimax theorem in 1928. He extended it in his 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, written with Oskar Morgenstern, which received a front-page story in The New York Times.
John von Neumann was born in Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary, then part of Austria-Hungary, on the 28th of December 1903. He was born to a wealthy, non-observant Jewish family and was the eldest of three brothers.
John von Neumann died on the 8th of February 1957 at age 53 at Walter Reed Army Medical Hospital. A mass found near his collarbone in 1955 turned out to be cancer that may have been caused by radiation exposure at Los Alamos, and he was buried at Princeton Cemetery.