Islamic State
The Islamic State, known variously as ISIS, ISIL and Daesh, governed roughly 12 million people by the end of 2015. Its commanders directed more than 30,000 fighters. No government recognised it as a state, and the United Nations designated it a terrorist organisation, as did many countries, including Muslim ones. Its violence reached far beyond its own territory, with attacks in Iran and Russia in 2024. The group called itself a caliphate and claimed authority over every Muslim on Earth, a claim the vast majority of Muslims rejected.
This documentary asks how a militant network grew into something that taxed, policed, schooled and fought like a government. It asks what ideas drove it, and why even other jihadists turned against it. It also asks what survives now that its Middle Eastern territory is gone.
In April 2013, after expanding from Iraq into Syria, the group adopted the Arabic name ad-Dawla al-Islamiyya fi l-Iraq wa-sh-Sham. The last word, al-Sham, points to a region often equated with either the Levant or Syria. English speakers therefore split into two labels. ISIS rendered the region as Syria, while ISIL rendered it as the Levant. Observers came to regard the choice between them as a minor matter.
Daesh mattered far more. It is an acronym built from the Arabic name, and Arabic-speaking opponents of the group use it widely, even among themselves. Part of its sting is that it resembles two Arabic words: daes, one who tramples something underfoot, and dahis, loosely one who sows discord. Inside the areas the group controlled, saying Daesh was punishable by flogging.
In late June 2014 the group shed the regional wording and renamed itself simply the Islamic State, declaring a worldwide caliphate. The United Nations, various governments and mainstream Muslim groups refused to use the new name. That same year the Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah offered its own label, QSIS, short for al-Qaeda Separatists in Iraq and Syria. Its argument was that the group does not represent the vast majority of Muslims.
In a September 2014 speech, United States president Barack Obama said the group was neither Islamic, since no religion condones killing innocents, nor a state, since no government recognised it. France's foreign minister Laurent Fabius objected for a different reason. He said: "I do not recommend using the term Islamic State because it blurs the lines between Islam, Muslims, and Islamists." He added that he would call the fighters the "Daesh cutthroats".
By December 2014, John Allen, the American envoy coordinating the coalition, had shifted toward the word Daesh. So had Lieutenant General James Terry, who headed operations against the group, and Secretary of State John Kerry. Even so, the word was still considered a pejorative in 2021.
Accounts of the group's founding do not agree. One traces it to 1999, when the Jordanian Salafi jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi created Jamaat al-Tawhid wa-al-Jihad. Another points to Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah, founded by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi in 2004. Under the name Islamic State of Iraq, the organisation later affiliated with al-Qaeda in Iraq and fought beside it during the 2003-2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency.
In February 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority published a letter from Zarqawi that laid out a plan. Bombings, he wrote, should provoke open sectarian war. Sunnis across the Islamic world would then rise against assassinations of Ba'athists and Sunnis carried out by Shia, specifically the Badr Brigade.
A sum of $200,000 appears in the record as small seed money that Zarqawi may have received from al-Qaeda to set up a training camp. That support came even though Zarqawi had been reluctant to be recruited by Osama bin Laden.
After the 11th of September attacks and the decision to invade Iraq, Secretary of State Powell presented a case to the Security Council. It cast Zarqawi as the definitive link between al-Qaeda and Iraq. Those claims were later disproven. The presentation nonetheless raised Zarqawi's standing and helped lay the groundwork for part of the foreign fighter faction of the Iraqi insurgency.
In October 2004 the group formally pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in a letter, which drew more recruits as well as financial and logistical support. A decade later, in February 2014, Ayman al-Zawahiri announced that al-Qaeda had cut ties with the group. He had been unable to settle its conflict with the al-Qaeda affiliate known as the al-Nusra Front.
Robert Manne reports a general consensus that the group's ideology rests mainly on the writings of the Egyptian theoretician Sayyid Qutb. Qutb developed the idea of jahiliyya, meaning pre-Islamic ignorance, and hakimiyya, meaning divine sovereignty. He also endorsed takfir of entire societies, the practice of declaring them unbelievers. Other figures the group invokes most often are Ibn Taymiyya, Abdullah Azzam and Abu Bakr Naji.
The Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Haider Shaye traced the lineage in a single sentence: "The Islamic State was drafted by Sayyid Qutb, taught by Abdullah Azzam, globalized by Osama bin Laden, transferred to reality by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and implemented by al-Baghdadis: Abu Omar and Abu Bakr."
The Egyptian ideologue Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir wrote a legal manual called Fiqh ad-Dima, or The Jurisprudence of Blood. The group adopted it as its standard reference for justifying extraordinary violence. Counter-terrorism scholar Orwa Ajjoub says it rationalises suicide operations, mutilating corpses, beheading and killing children and non-combatants. Zarqawi took inspiration from al-Muhajir, so the group's beheadings and immolations trace to him rather than to early Saudi practice. Commanders also read Abu Bakr Naji's Management of Savagery widely.
Bernard Haykel called the leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's creed "a kind of untamed Wahhabism". The Economist noted shared features such as religious police, frequent capital punishment and the destruction or repurposing of non-Sunni religious buildings. The group even circulated images of Saudi Wahhabi textbooks from schools it controlled. Yet it broke with Wahhabism in four ways: dynastic alliance, a call for a global caliphate, sheer violence and apocalyptism. It treated the ruling Al Saud family as apostates, and senior Saudi religious leaders condemned the group.
Its emphasis on a final Day of Judgment sets it apart from al-Qaeda. The group believes it will defeat the army of "Rome" at the town of Dabiq. Scholar Will McCants writes that End Times references fill its propaganda and are a big selling point with foreign fighters. He argues the civil wars in Iraq and Syria lend the prophecies credibility. For bin Laden's generation, he says, an apocalyptic pitch worked poorly because Middle Eastern governments were more stable and sectarianism more subdued.
The group named its magazine Dabiq. In its pages it declared that its blessed flag would one day cover every eastern and western extent of the Earth.
On the 29th of June 2014 the group proclaimed a new caliphate and appointed Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as caliph. A document published earlier that month claimed to trace his lineage to Muhammad. The proclamation declared the legality of every other emirate, group and state void once its troops arrived. That rejected the political divisions that the United Kingdom and France drew in the Sykes-Picot Agreement during World War I.
Documents found after the death of Samir Abd Muhammad al-Khlifawi showed how conquest was meant to work. He was a former colonel in the intelligence service of the Iraqi Air Force and had been described as the group's strategic head. His plans called for spies to enter target towns and learn who lived there and which families were religious. They were to count the mosques and even record how many wives and children the imam had. Murder and kidnapping would follow, removing anyone who might lead opposition. The planning for northern Syria made possible the group's later advances into Iraq.
In Raqqa, after rebels drove out the Assad regime and the group infiltrated the town, first dozens and then hundreds of people disappeared. Journalist Jason Burke sums up the group's aims in three verbs: terrorize, mobilize and polarize. Spectacular attacks deep in Western territory, such as the November 2015 Paris attacks, were meant to rally supporters. They were also meant to push Muslims in the West away from their governments.
Journalist Rukmini Maria Callimachi stresses the aim of eliminating a "grey zone" between the black of non-Muslims and the white of the group itself. The grey, in her account, is moderate Muslims in the West who feel happy and engaged in society. The group has also been accused of staging attacks abroad to bolster morale while it lost ground. Examples include the 2016 Berlin truck attack and the Manchester bombing of the 22nd of May 2017.
From 2013 to 2019, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi headed the group. He had two deputies, Abu Muslim al-Turkmani for Iraq and Abu Ali al-Anbari for Syria, both ethnic Turkmen. Beneath them sat councils for finance, military affairs, legal matters including executions, foreign fighters, security, intelligence and media. A shura council checked that decisions matched the group's reading of sharia. Local emirs ran semi-autonomous provinces. Al-Baghdadi told followers in sermons to "advise me when I err", yet observers said any opposition was instantly eradicated.
David Kilcullen, a former chief strategist in the State Department's counterterrorism office, said: "There undeniably would be no Isis if we had not invaded Iraq." Analysts say almost all of the group's military and security leaders were former Iraqi military and intelligence officers from Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath government. They had lost their jobs and pensions in the de-Ba'athification process. In August 2016, reports described a secret service called Emni, established in 2014. Its reported chief, the spokesman Abu Mohammad al-Adnani, died in an airstrike in late August 2016.
In 2014, The Wall Street Journal estimated that eight million people lived under the group's rule. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights said it sought to dominate every aspect of civilian life through terror, indoctrination and services for those who obeyed. Morality police called Al-Hisbah, led by Abu Muhammad al-Jazrawi, enforced its strict reading of sharia. So did the all-women Al-Khanssaa Brigade. In 2015 the group published a penal code that included floggings, amputations and crucifixions.
In 2015, over 550 women, about 10% of the group's Western foreign fighters, were estimated to be Western women. Until 2016, women were generally confined on arrival to a "women's house" that they could not leave. They stayed until they found a husband or the husband they arrived with finished his training. A document from the Al-Khanssaa Brigade's media wing, Women in the Islamic State: Manifesto and Case Study, stressed marriage and motherhood. It opposed education in non-religious subjects, which it called the "worthless worldly sciences".
The Diwan of Education organised schooling in the territory it held. Its own curriculum dropped history, music, geography and art in favour of lectures on Islamic law, sharia and jihad. A rival body, the Diwan of Outreach and Mosques, often competed with it by running educational centres focused on sharia.
A 2015 study by the Financial Action Task Force ranked the group's five main sources of revenue. Proceeds from occupying territory came first, including banks, oil, taxation, extortion and robbery. Kidnapping for ransom came next, then donations from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and other Gulf states, often disguised as humanitarian charity. Support from foreign fighters and fundraising through modern communication networks completed the list.
Since 2012 the group has issued annual reports with numbers on its operations, in the style of corporate reports, seemingly to encourage donors. In 2014 the RAND Corporation analysed documents captured between 2005 and 2010. It found that outside donations made up only 5% of operating budgets. Cells inside Iraq had to send up to 20% of income from kidnapping and extortion to the next level of leadership, which redistributed funds to cells in difficulty.
A 2016 RAND estimate found that income from oil and from taxes on people under its control had fallen sharply since 2014. In mid-2014 the Iraqi National Intelligence Service obtained information that the group held enough assets to make it the richest jihadist group in the world. About three-quarters of that sum was said to have been looted from Mosul's central bank and commercial banks. Doubt was later cast on whether it retrieved anywhere near that much, and even on whether the looting occurred.
In 2022 the company Lafarge was found guilty of paying the group to keep its operations running. Prosecutors said it transferred $6,000,000 in 2013-2014, which let a plant in northern Syria earn $70 million in sales. Lafarge, which merged with Holcim in 2015, agreed to pay $778 million in forfeiture and fines under a plea agreement. It evacuated the plant in September 2014, and the group then sold the remaining cement for an estimated $3.21 million. Trading in Holcim shares was suspended before the news became public, and the shares rose 3.2% after trading resumed.
The group minted gold, silver and copper coins modelled on those of the Umayyad Caliphate in the seventh century. Despite a propaganda push, few people adopted them, and its internal economy was effectively dollarised, even for its own fines.
Most of its weapons were captured, including stockpiles left from Saddam Hussein's Iraq and equipment taken from government and opposition forces in the Syrian Civil War. That haul included US-made TOW anti-tank missiles that the United States and Saudi Arabia had supplied to the Free Syrian Army. According to Conflict Armament Research, ninety per cent of the group's weapons ultimately originated in China, Russia or Eastern Europe.
In April 2014 the group closed the gates of the smaller Nuaimiyah dam in Fallujah, using water as a weapon. The flooding cost around 12,000 families their homes, and 200 km2 of villages and fields were either flooded or dried up. Meanwhile the water supply to the Shia-dominated south was cut. In July 2014 it captured nuclear materials from Mosul University but was unlikely to convert them into weapons. In September 2015 a US official said it was making and using mustard agent. During the Battle of Mosul it used commercial quadcopters to drop grenades, and two Royal Air Force Tornado aircraft destroyed one drone base with Paveway IV guided bombs.
Estimates of the group's military strength varied widely, from tens of thousands to 200,000. A UN report counted 15,000 fighters from over 80 countries in its ranks in November 2014. By February 2015 US intelligence put the number of foreign fighters at around 20,000, including 3,400 from the Western world. Journalist Mary Anne Weaver estimated that half of all fighters were foreigners. A former senior leader, Abu Hajjar, said foreign fighters received food, petrol and housing but, unlike native Iraqis and Syrians, no wages.
On the 24th of September 2014, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that groups like ISIL, or Da'ish, have nothing to do with Islam and are not a state. He said they should more fittingly be called the "Un-Islamic Non-State".
In late August 2014 the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh, condemned the group and al-Qaeda, calling extremist ideas enemy number one of Islam. A month later, 126 Sunni imams and scholars, primarily Sufi, signed an open letter to al-Baghdadi. It said: "You have misinterpreted Islam into a religion of harshness, brutality, torture and murder." The letter called the killing of prisoners "heinous war crimes" and the persecution of the Yazidis "abominable". It also accused the group of instituting slavery against the scholarly consensus.
Ahmed el-Tayeb, Grand Imam of al-Azhar, condemned the group for falsely taking the name Islamic State and for practising takfirism, declaring Muslims apostates. In late December 2015, nearly 70,000 Indian clerics of the Barelvi movement issued a fatwa saying that ISIL and similar groups are "not Islamic organisations". About 1.5 million of the movement's followers formally decried violent extremists.
Scholars reached back to the seventh century for a comparison, the Kharijites. That early sect developed a radical approach to takfir, declaring other Muslims unbelievers and so worthy of death. Sheikh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi argued in his book Refuting ISIS that this form of Kharijism removes the group from Islam. Analyst Hassan Hassan offered a sobering counterpoint in The Guardian. Because the group bases its teachings on texts that mainstream clerics avoid confronting, he wrote, new recruits can feel they have stumbled on the true message of Islam.
The criticism came from jihadists too. Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, the former spiritual mentor of Zarqawi, was released from prison in Jordan in June 2014. He accused the group of driving a wedge between Muslims. In September 2015, Ayman al-Zawahiri criticised al-Baghdadi for skipping the consultation, or shura, that he said a caliphate requires. He urged a slower introduction of sharia, as the al-Nusra Front did. The main complaint of defectors was that the group fights and kills other Sunni Muslims.
Two days after the beheading of the French hiker Hervé Gourdel, hundreds of Muslims gathered at the Grand Mosque of Paris. Dalil Boubakeur, leader of the French Council of the Muslim Faith, led the protest under the slogan "Not in my name". President François Hollande called for three days of national mourning and said airstrikes in Iraq would continue.
The United Nations Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee first listed the group on the 18th of October 2004 under the name Al-Qaida in Iraq. On the 2nd of June 2014 it was added again as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. Germany banned the group in September 2014, including its flags and symbols. Switzerland followed in October 2014, and India in mid-December 2014. Pakistan acted in late August 2015. In July 2022 the Taliban banned Afghans from associating with its Khorasan Province branch and labelled it a "false sect". Twitter removed many accounts, and Google developed a Redirect Method to steer people searching for its material toward content that challenges its narratives.
How to classify the group stayed contested. Jessica Lewis, a former US Army intelligence officer, said in June 2014 that it was no longer a terrorism problem but an army on the move, with shadow governments and an aspiration to govern. Former US Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel saw an imminent threat to every American interest. Former counter-terrorism adviser Daniel Benjamin derided such talk as a farce that panics the public.
Raqqa in Syria fell under the group's control in 2013 and became its de facto capital in 2014. On the 17th of October 2017, after a lengthy battle that caused massive destruction, the Syrian Democratic Forces announced they had fully captured the city. Since 2015 the Iraqi Armed Forces and the Syrian Democratic Forces had pushed the group back. They were helped by advisors, weapons, training, supplies and airstrikes from the American-led coalition and Iranian proxy forces. Later came Russian airstrikes, bombings and cruise missile attacks, which mostly razed Syrian opposition strongholds rather than the group's bases.
The last territorial stronghold, Al-Baghuz Fawqani, fell in the spring of 2019. By March 2019 the group had lost the last of its land in West Asia. Analysts believe it has since been headquartered in the northwestern Idlib Governorate, near the Turkish border.
On the 27th of October 2019 the United States raided al-Baghdadi's compound in Barisha, in Idlib. Caught by surprise and unable to escape, he detonated a suicide vest, killing himself and two children who had been living there. President Donald Trump announced the death on television and thanked Turkey, Russia, Syria, Iraq and the Syrian Kurdish forces for their support. Russia had previously claimed that its own airstrike killed al-Baghdadi in May 2017.
Succession proved turbulent. In September 2019 a statement attributed to the group's Amaq news agency named Abdullah Qardash as successor. Analysts dismissed it as a fabrication. The terrorism analyst Rita Katz noted that it used a different font from other statements and was never distributed on Amaq or the group's channels. On the 31st of October 2019 the group named Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi al-Qurayshi, who killed himself and members of his family during a US raid, as reported on the 3rd of February 2022. On the 23rd of April 2023 his successor's successor was killed in an attack on his residence at Jindires. Turkey claimed responsibility, while the group said he died in a shootout with Tahrir al-Sham forces. In late August 2025 US Special Forces carried out a helicopter raid at Atmeh and killed two senior leaders, including a figure believed to be next in line.
By June 2015 the group had declared official provinces in Libya, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Algeria, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria and the North Caucasus. It also received pledges from groups in Somalia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and the Philippines. It announced no further official branches and instead called new affiliates simply "soldiers of the caliphate".
In October 2022 its Sahel province captured the town of Ansongo in Mali. Through late 2020 and early 2021, African affiliates seized territory and settlements in Nigeria and in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado, including Mocimboa da Praia and the Sambisa Forest. Estimates of fighter numbers for the African branches differ widely. The Somalia Province, in Puntland, is put at 100-200 fighters as of 2025, and the Central Africa Province at 1,500-2,000 as of 2024. The Sahel Province is estimated at 2,000-3,000 as of 2025.
The West Africa Province, active in the Chad Basin of Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad, emerged in 2015 after a split from Boko Haram. Its estimated 8,000-12,000 fighters as of 2025 are the largest figure among the affiliates listed.
Up next
Continue browsing
Updated
Common questions
What does Daesh mean for the Islamic State?
Daesh is an Arabic acronym of the Islamic State's Arabic name, ad-Dawla al-Islamiyya fi l-Iraq wa-sh-Sham. It is widely used across the Muslim world and by the group's Arabic-speaking opponents, and it is considered derogatory. Inside the group's territory, using the name was punishable by flogging.
When did the Islamic State declare its caliphate?
The Islamic State proclaimed a new caliphate on the 29th of June 2014 and appointed Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as caliph. The group claimed authority over all Muslims worldwide, a claim the vast majority of Muslims rejected.
How did the Islamic State fund itself?
A 2015 Financial Action Task Force study listed five main sources: proceeds from occupying territory, kidnapping for ransom, Gulf donations often disguised as charity, support from foreign fighters, and fundraising through modern communication networks. A 2022 case found that Lafarge paid the group to keep a plant in northern Syria running.
How did Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi die?
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi died on the 27th of October 2019 during a US special operation against his compound in Barisha, in Idlib, Syria. Caught by surprise and unable to escape, he detonated a suicide vest, killing himself and two children.
Why do Muslim scholars reject the Islamic State?
Islamic religious leaders have overwhelmingly condemned the Islamic State's ideology and actions. In late September 2014, 126 Sunni imams and scholars signed an open letter to al-Baghdadi rejecting his interpretations of scripture, and critics have called the group a modern form of the Kharijites.
Where does the Islamic State operate today?
The Islamic State lost its last territory in West Asia by March 2019 and reverted to insurgency. Its affiliates still hold significant territory in Africa, with the West Africa Province estimated at 8,000-12,000 fighters as of 2025.
All sources
382 references cited across the entry
- 3NewsParis Attacks: What Does 'Daesh' Mean and Why Does ISIS Hate It?Patrick Garrity — 14 November 2015
- 4United Nations Security Council Consolidated List Security CouncilUnited Nations Security Council
- 5ISIL (Da'esh) & Al-Qaida Sanctions ListUnited Nations Security Council
- 6Saudi Arabia forms Islamic coalition against ISISCNN — 14 December 2015
- 7MagazineHow ISIS RulesSarah Birke — 5 February 2017
- 8BookISIS: A HistoryFawaz A. Gerges — Princeton University Press — 2016
- 9NewsISIS far from defeated in Syria: 2019 outlook (maps)1 January 2019
- 10NewsUS-Led Allies Finishing Off 'Caliphate'VOA News — 1 March 2019
- 11NewsSalafi Jihadi Movement Weekly Update, May 17, 2023Brian Carter et al. — 17 May 2023
- 12NewsAl-Qaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra Front is part of its network9 April 2013
- 13The Jihad Next Door: The Syrian roots of Iraq's newest civil war.Rania Abouzeid — 23 June 2014
- 14NewsISIS announces formation of Caliphate, rebrands as 'Islamic State'Bill Roggio — 29 June 2014
- 15NewsIraq crisis: Isis changes name and declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle EastAdam Withnall — 29 June 2014
- 16NewsWhat is Islamic State?BBC News — 26 September 2014
- 17ReportAirstrikes in Iraq and SyriaUS Department of Defense — 9 August 2017
- 18NewsOnce promised paradise, ISIS fighters end up in mass graves15 October 2017
- 19NewsQassim Suleimani, Master of Iran's Intrigue, Built a Shiite Axis of Power in MideastTim Arango — 13 Jan 2020
- 20NewsIn Iraq, residents of Amerli celebrate end of militant siegeShashank Bengali
- 2142 months of Russian operations on the Syrian territory kill more than 8000 civilians including more than 18150 people in their raids and shellingSyrian Observatory for Human Rights — 30 March 2019
- 23NewsIsis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many namesFaisal Irshaid — BBC News — 2 December 2015
- 25NewsISIS or ISIL? The debate over what to call Iraq's terror groupIshaan Tharoor — 18 June 2014
- 26National Counterterrorism Center GroupsOffice of the Director of National Intelligence
- 28NewsOne More Name for Islamic State: DaeshFelicia Schwartz — 23 December 2014
- 29MagazineThe Islamic State Produced the Most Influential Song of the YearSimon R. Gardner — 31 December 2014
- 30Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many namesFaisal Irshaid — BBC News — 2 December 2015
- 31NewsAlQaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra Front is part of its networkAl Arabiya English — 9 April 2013
- 32NewsCall Islamic State QSIS instead, says globally influential Islamic authorityPatrick Kingsley — 27 August 2014
- 33Terrorist Designations of Groups Operating in SyriaUnited States Department of State — 14 May 2014
- 34NewsWhy Does a Simple Word like Daesh Disturb Extremists so MuchCollin Randal — 18 October 2014
- 35Syria's uprising within an uprisingRania Abouzeid — European Council on Foreign Relations — 16 January 2014
- 36NewsMuslim leaders reject Baghdadi's caliphateShafik Mandhai — Al Jazeera English — 7 July 2014
- 37NewsIraq's Baghdadi calls for 'holy war'Al Jazeera English — 2 July 2014
- 38Statement by the President on ISIL10 September 2014
- 39United Nations Official DocumentUnited Nations
- 40NewsDetails about the Canadian government's motion about going to war against ISILDavid Pugliese — 3 October 2014
- 41Turkish government files motion to Parliament to fight ISILAnadolu Agency — 1 October 2014
- 42NewsAustralia says ready to strike ISIL in IraqAl Jazeera English — 3 October 2014
- 43ISIL: UK government responseGovernment of the United Kingdom — 13 October 2014
- 44NewsFrance is ditching the 'Islamic State' name—and replacing it with a label the group hatesAdam Taylor — 17 September 2014
- 46NewsFamily says 7 children were killed in Kabul drone strike; U.S. is investigatingNabih Bulos — 30 August 2021
- 47ReportIslamic State: The Changing Face of Modern JihadismErin Marie Saltman et al. — Quilliam — November 2014
- 48JournalFrom Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic StateCole Bunzel — Center for Middle East Policy (Brookings Institution) — March 2015
- 49BookISIS: A HistoryFawaz Gerges — Princeton University Press — 2016
- 50BookHandbook of Islamic Sects and MovementsBrill Publishers — 2021
- 51JournalSome Remarks on the Ideological Core and Political Pillars of the So-called Islamic StateIllimar Ploom et al. — 2021
- 52NewsThe mind of Islamic State: more coherent and consistent than NazismRobert Manne — 3 November 2016
- 53Daesh's Intellectual Origins: From Jurisprudence to RealityMotaz Al-Khateeb — Al Jazeera Centre for Studies — 3 December 2014
- 54BookISIS vs. Al Qaeda: An Ideological ComparisonMAJ Lucas G. Harris — US Army Command and General Staff College — 2018
- 55NewsSayyid Qutb: Father of Salafi Jihadism, Forerunner of the Islamic StateRobert Manne — ABC Online — 7 November 2016
- 56NewsAbu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Dead. Here's What to Know About the Deceased Islamic State LeaderTara Law — 27 October 2019
- 57The 'ISIS Phenomenon'Isabella Frances Teti — PennState Presidential Leadership Academy, Pennsylvania State University — 6 November 2016
- 58INGYouth: Frequently Asked QuestionsIslamic Networks Group
- 59Islamic StateAustralian National Security
- 60NewsWhat the ISIS Flag Says About the Militant GroupIlene Prusher — 9 September 2014
- 61NewsEndtimes BrewingAnne Speckhard — 29 August 2014
- 62MagazineAbu Abdullah al-Muhajir: The Obscure Theologian Who Shaped ISISAbdullah K. al-Saud et al. — 4 December 2016
- 63NewsThe core Isis manual that twisted Islam to legitimise barbarityMark Townsend — 13 May 2018
- 64BookThe Development of the Theological and Political Aspects of Jihadi-SalafismOrwa Ajjoub — Swedish South Asian Studies Network (SASNET) at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Lund University — 2021
- 65NewsIslamic State names new leader after death of Abu Bakr al-BaghdadiMartin Chulov — 31 October 2019
- 66BookTerrorism, Political Violence, and Extremism: New Psychology to Understand, Face, and Defuse the ThreatChris E. Stout — Greenwood Publishing Group — 2018
- 67MagazineThe Master PlanLawrence Wright — 11 September 2006
- 68NewsThe calculated madness of the Islamic State's horrifying brutalityTerrence McCoy — 12 August 2014
- 69Isis has reached new depths of depravity. But there is a brutal logic behind itHassan Hassan — 8 February 2015
- 70NewsISIS Harsh Brand of Islam Is Rooted in Austere Saudi CreedDavid Kirkpatrick — 24 September 2014
- 71MagazineCrime and punishment in Saudi Arabia: The other beheaders20 September 2014
- 72News'ISIS is enemy No. 1 of Islam,' says Saudi grand mufti19 August 2014
- 73NewsSome Saudi clerics condemn Isil but preach intolerance10 September 2014
- 75The Kingdom and the Caliphate: Duel of the Islamic StatesCole Bunzel — Carnegie Endowment for International Peace — 18 February 2016
- 76NewsWhy Islamic State has no sympathy for HamasAli Mamouri — 29 July 2014
- 77The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political ContextHassan Hassan — Carnegie Endowment for International Peace — 13 June 2016
- 78BookThe ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic StateWilliam McCants — St. Martin's Press — 2015
- 7917 things about ISIS and Iraq you need to knowZack Beauchamp — 2 September 2014
- 80News'Deviant and Pathological': What Do ISIS Extremists Really Want?M. Alex Johnson — NBC News — 3 September 2014
- 81NewsWho is the U.S. targeting in Iraq air strikes?Laith Kubba — Al Jazeera English — 7 July 2014
- 82NewsUS counterterrorism efforts in Syria: A winning strategy?Thomas Joscelyn — 29 September 2015
- 83NewsMiddle East. Inside Isis: The first Western journalist ever to be given access to the 'Islamic State' has just returned – and this is what he discoveredAdam Withnall — 21 December 2014
- 84NewsQ&A: German journalist on surviving ISILHester Maria Greyvenstein — Al Jazeera English — 15 January 2015
- 85NewsIsis announces Islamic caliphate in area straddling Iraq and SyriaMark Tran et al. — 30 June 2014
- 86MagazineThe mind of the Islamic State: An ideology of savageryRobert Manne — June 2016
- 87NewsThe Terror Strategist: Secret Files Reveal the Structure of Islamic StateChristoph Reuter — 18 April 2015
- 88NewsISIL and the management of savageryMartin Reardon — Al Jazeera English — 6 July 2015
- 89BookAnti-Muslim Sentiment Is a Serious Threat to American SecurityKen Gude — Center for American Progress — November 2015
- 90ReportISIS Global Intelligence Summary: January 7 – February 18Harleen Gambhir — Institute for the Study of War — February 2015
- 91NewsThe ISIS Correspondent interview with Rukmini CallimachiIsaac Chotiner — 12 July 2016
- 92BookThe Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage Through Which the Umma Will PassAbu Bakr Naji — John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University — 23 May 2006
- 93NewsISIS's Savage Strategy in IraqLawrence Wright — 16 June 2014
- 94NewsParis: The War ISIS WantsScott Atran et al. — 16 November 2015
- 95NewsIran Assails Saudi Arabia After Pair of Deadly Terrorist AttacksThomas Erdbrink — 7 June 2017
- 96MagazineWhat ISIS Really WantsGraeme Wood — March 2015
- 97NewsYou Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi ArabiaAlastair Crooke — 30 March 2017
- 98BookHomegrown: ISIS in AmericaAlexander Meleagrou-Hitchens et al. — I. B. Tauris — 2021
- 99NewsThe secret world of Isis training camps – ruled by sacred texts and the swordHassan Hassan — 24 January 2015
- 100NewsLife in a Jihadist Capital: Order With a Darker SideBen Hubbard — 24 July 2014
- 101Islamic State in Iraq and Syria15 January 2025
- 102NewsEverything We Knew About This ISIS Mastermind Was WrongMichael Weiss et al. — 15 April 2016
- 103ReportThe Islamic StateRichard Barrett — The Soufan Group — November 2014
- 104NewsThe anatomy of ISIS: How the 'Islamic State' is run, from oil to beheadingsNick Thompson et al. — CNN — 18 September 2014
- 105MagazineInside the Islamic State. Review of Islamic State: The Digital Caliphate by Abdel Bari AtwanMalise Ruthven — 9 July 2015
- 106NewsHow Saddam Hussein's former military officers and spies are controlling IsisLiz Sly — 5 April 2015
- 107NewsMilitary Skill and Terrorist Technique Fuel Success of ISISBen Hubbard et al. — 27 August 2014
- 108NewsFormer US military adviser David Kilcullen says there would be no Isis without Iraq invasionLizzie Dearden — 4 March 2016
- 109NewsForeign Recruits Are Islamic State's Cannon FodderEli Lake — Bloomberg News — 11 February 2015
- 110NewsSplits in Islamic State Emerge as Its Ranks ExpandMaria Abi-Habib — 9 March 2015
- 111IS group unit known as 'Emni' aims to export terror around the worldFrance 24 — 4 August 2016
- 112NewsAbu Muhammad al-Adnani's death does not signal the demise of IsisMartin Chulov — 31 August 2016
- 113NewsISIS leader al-Baghdadi believed to have been killed in a US military raid, sources sayRyan Browne et al. — CNN — 27 October 2019
- 114NewsUS targeted ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: US officialsAl Jazeera English — 27 October 2019
- 115NewsTrump confirms ISIS leader Baghdadi is dead after US raid in Syria—'He died like a coward'Emma Newburger — CNBC — 27 October 2019
- 116NewsIsis leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi killed in US raid, says Donald TrumpFrances Perraudin — 27 October 2019
- 117Turkish-U.S. military forces exchanged information ahead of U.S. operation in SyriaReuters — 27 October 2019
- 118NewsFactbox: World reacts to announcement of Islamic State leader Baghdadi's deathReuters — 27 October 2019
- 119NewsTrump says U.S. may release parts of Baghdadi raid videoReuters — 28 October 2019
- 120NewsAbu Bakr al-Baghdadi dead: Russia says it may have killed Isis leader in Raqqa air strikeAdam Withnall — 16 June 2017
- 121NewsAl-Baghdadi nominates Iraqi Abdullah Qardash as his successor to lead Daesh9 August 2019
- 122With Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi gone, what next for ISIL?Al Jazeera English — 29 October 2019
- 1231)ALERT: w/ yesterday's #Baghdadi speech, false articles cont. to circulate about an #Amaq message that reported the successor of #ISIS leader.Rita Katz — 17 September 2019
- 124NewsTrump says al-Baghdadi's 'number one replacement' is deadAl Jazeera English — 29 October 2019
- 125Trump says likely Baghdadi successor killed by U.S. troopsReuters — 29 October 2019
- 126ISIS spokesman Al-Muhajir killed in U.S. airstrike in SyriaBNO News — 27 October 2019
- 127NewsIslamic State names its new leaderBBC News — 31 October 2019
- 128Statement by President Joe BidenThe White House — 3 February 2022
- 129Caliphs of the Shadows: The Islamic State's Leaders Post-MawlaKristina Hummel — 30 August 2023
- 130NewsIslamic State Chief Is Dead and New One Is Picked. Both Are Unknown.Ben Hubbard — 30 November 2022
- 131NewsSenior ISIS leader killed, 4 U.S. troops and working dog wounded in northeast Syria raidDavid Martin et al. — 17 February 2023
- 132Turkey offers details of Islamic State chief's deathFrance 24 — 1 May 2023
- 133US raid kills senior ISIS official near Syria's border with TurkeyJared Szuba — Al-Monitor — 20 August 2025
- 134Containing Transnational Jihadists in Syria's North WestInternational Crisis Group — 7 March 2023
- 135Rule of Terror: Living under ISIS in SyriaUnited Nations Commission on Human Rights
- 137NewsISIL, beheadings and the success of horrifying violenceTerrence McCoy — 13 June 2013
- 138Islamic State replaces Syrian officials by foreign jihadists in RaqqaHaytham Mustafa — ARA News — 31 December 2016
- 139NewsThese are the 'crimes' Isis punishes with amputation, stoning and crucifixion22 January 2015
- 141Sa është numri i xhihadistëve të ISIS-it?Top Channel
- 142NewsHer Majesty's JihadistsMary Anne Weaver — 19 April 2015
- 144UN: 15,000 foreign fighters in Syria and IraqDeutsche Welle — 31 October 2024
- 145NewsISIS By the Numbers: Foreign Fighter Total Keeps GrowingRobert Windrem — NBC News — 28 February 2015
- 146Sarhan, Arme. "CIA: 30,000 foreign fighters have traveled to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS". Iraq News. 29 September 2015.
- 147NewsWorld's Richest Terror ArmyBBC — 24 April 2015
- 148Kyrgyzstan: Abusive Crackdowns on 'Extremist' MaterialHuman Rights Watch — 17 September 2018
- 149NewsInsight into How Insurgents Fought in IraqJohn Ismay — 17 October 2013
- 150NewsNot Just Iraq: The Islamic State Is Also on the March in SyriaCharles Lister — 7 August 2014
- 152NewsReport details where ISIS gets its weaponsJamie Crawford — CNN — 14 December 2017
- 153NewsTreasury Targets ISIS Leader Involved in Chemical Weapons DevelopmentUnited States Department of the Treasury — 12 June 2017
- 154NewsLow-Grade Nuclear Material Is Seized by Rebels in Iraq, U.N. SaysAlan Cowell — 10 July 2014
- 155NewsUS official: 'IS making and using chemical weapons in Iraq and Syria'Paul Blake — BBC News — 11 September 2015
- 156ReportWater and Violence Link: Crisis of Survival in the Middle EastStrategic Foresight — December 2014
- 157Weaponized Mini-Drones Entering the FightTamir Eshel — 12 October 2016
- 158RAF Strikes Daesh Drone Facility in MosulTamir Eshel — 17 January 2017
- 159NewsIsis now targeting women with guides on how to be the 'ultimate wives of jihad'Heather Saul — 31 October 2014
- 160JournalFatal Attraction: Western Muslimas and ISISAnita Perešin — 2015
- 161Jihadist women, a threat not to be underestimated – Publication – pdfMinisterie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties — AIVD — 14 December 2017
- 162MagazineISIS 'Manifesto' Spells Out Role for WomenJamaal Abdul-Alim — 8 March 2015
- 163QUILLIAM Translation and Analysis of Islamic State Manifesto on Jihadist BridesCharlie Winter — Quilliam Foundation — 5 February 2015
- 164NewsInside the Islamic State kidnap machineBBC News — 22 September 2015
- 165NewsFinancing of the Terrorist Organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the LevantFinancial Action Task Force — February 2015
- 166NewsSelling terror: how Isis details its brutalityRoula Khalaf et al. — 17 June 2014
- 167NewsThe surreal infographics ISIS is producing, translatedDylan Matthews — 24 July 2014
- 168NewsRecords show how Iraqi extremists withstood U.S. anti-terror effortsHannah Allam — McClatchy News — 23 June 2014
- 169NewsMan Without an ISIS PlanThe Editorial Board — 12 March 2017
- 170NewsHow an arrest in Iraq revealed Isis's $2bn jihadist networkMartin Chulov — 15 June 2014
- 171NewsMosul Seized: Jihadis Loot $429m from City's Central Bank to Make Isis World's Richest Terror ForceJack Moore — 11 June 2014
- 172ISIS Is the World's Richest Terror Group, But Spending Money FastNBC News — 20 March 2015
- 173NewsISIS just stole $425 million, Iraqi governor says, and became the 'world's richest terrorist group'Terrence McCoy — 12 June 2014
- 174NewsU.S. Official Doubts ISIS Mosul Bank Heist WindfallRobert Windrem — NBC News — 24 June 2014
- 175NewsBiggest bank robbery that 'never happened' – $400m Isis heistBorzou Daragahi — 17 July 2014
- 176NewsLafarge pleads guilty to U.S. charge of supporting Islamic State, to pay $778 millionKaren Freifeld — Reuters — 19 October 2022
- 177NewsIsis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper21 November 2014
- 178NewsIsis fails to bring in own currency, relies on 'satanic' US dollars insteadLizzie Dearden — 25 March 2016
- 179NewsInside ISIS' Dysfunctional SchoolsKinana Qaddour — 13 October 2017
- 180ReportEducation in Mosul under the Islamic State (ISIS) 2015–2016Iraqi Institution for Development
- 182ReportThe War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist MovementAaron Y. Zelin — The Washington Institute for Near East Policy — June 2014
- 183Zarqawi LetterOffice of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs, Department of State — 12 February 2004
- 185NewsAl Nusra pledges allegiance to Isil25 June 2014
- 186BookU.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century (Volume 1)Spencer C. Tucker et al. — ABC-CLIO — 2016
- 187NewsJohn Kerry holds talks in Iraq as more cities fall to ISIS militantsCNN — 23 June 2014
- 188NewsSunni Militants Drive Iraqi Army Out of MosulSuadad Al-Salhy et al. — 10 June 2014
- 189NewsSunni Extremists in Iraq Seize 3 Towns From Kurds and Threaten Major DamTim Arango — 3 August 2014
- 191Exodus and AscentBill Roggio
- 193Profile: Abu Musab al-ZarqawiLee Teslik — 15 February 2006
- 194Colin Powell: U.N. Speech "Was a Great Intelligence Failure"Jason Breslow
- 195BookFROM AL-QAIDA AFFILIATE TO THE RISE OF THE ISLAMIC CALIPHATE: THE EVOLUTION OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA (ISIS)Ahmed Hashin — S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies — 1 December 2014
- 196NewsHow ISIS ExpandsHannah Fairfield et al. — 21 May 2015
- 197ISIS Governance in SyriaCharles C. Caris et al. — Institute for the Study of War — July 2014
- 198NewsExclusive: In turf war with Afghan Taliban, Islamic State loyalists gain groundReuters — 29 June 2015
- 199NewsIslamic State moves in on al-Qaeda turfBBC News — 25 June 2015
- 200NewsIslamic State in Somalia claims capture of port townCaleb Weiss — 26 October 2016
- 201JournalHow Bangladesh Became Fertile Ground for al-Qa'ida and the Islamic StateAnimesh Roul — Combating Terrorism Center at West Point — May 2016
- 202In New Special Publication, IS-Aligned Myanmarese Group Calls on Muslims to Join Armed JihadSITE Intelligence Group — 3 January 2022
- 203IS Supporter Shares Alleged Video of "Soldiers of the Caliphate in Thailand"SITE Intelligence Group — 28 December 2021
- 204NewsThe Islamic State grows in the PhilippinesCaleb Weiss — 24 June 2016
- 205Has the Islamic State Abandoned Its Provincial Model in the Philippines?Charlie Winter — 22 July 2016
- 206NewsWhy ISIS is a threat to Saudi Arabia: Wahhabism's deferred promiseFouad al-Ibrahim — 22 August 2014
- 207Although they have been besieged by Russia, Iran, and the regime for two years, thousands of ISIS members are still within an area of 4,000km2 without any intention to launch a military operation against themSyrian Observatory for Human Rights — 20 February 2019
- 208Mozambique: Mocimboa da Praia: Islamic State insurgents recapture strategic port townPeter Fabricius — 12 August 2020
- 210IS Supporters Urge Establishment of "New Provinces" in IndonesiaSITE Intelligence Group — 17 November 2021
- 211NewsIslamist militants in Mali kill hundreds, displace thousands in eastern advanceTiemoko Diallo — Reuters — 14 October 2022
- 213Terrorist Organizations30 May 2012
- 215Islamic State-Somalia: A Growing Global Terror ConcernKristina Hummel — 11 September 2024
- 216Puntland forces advance on ISIS strongholds in Calmiskaad mountains10 August 2025
- 218IS's North Caucasus Affiliate Calls For Recruits To Join It In DaghestanJoanna Paraszczuk — 3 October 2015
- 219ISIS news: IS names new emir in 'Bengal', issues threat to carry out attacksRaj Shekhar — 1 May 2019
- 221UN Security Council: ISIL-K Has Around 2,000 Fighters in Afghanistan – KabulNowNazanin Mohseni — 19 December 2025
- 222UN report says Taliban absorbed former fighters from terrorist groups into security ranksSiyar Sirat — 19 December 2025
- 223The Islamic State in the Philippines: A Looming Shadow in Southeast Asia?Kristina Hummel — 17 March 2016
- 224Islamic State Turkey province video claims new wilayah in old turfRobert Postings — 11 July 2019
- 226ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region23 June 2015
- 227Secretary-General's remarks to Security Council High-Level Summit on Foreign Terrorist FightersBan Ki-Moon — United Nations — 24 September 2014
- 228NewsISIS Is a Cult That Uses Terrorism: A Fresh New StrategySteven Hassan — 21 October 2014
- 229JournalIncitement, genocide, genocidal terror, and the upstream role of indoctrination: can epidemiologic models predict and prevent?Elihu D. Richter et al. — 2018
- 230News"They're delusional": Rivals ridicule ISIS declaration of Islamic state30 June 2014
- 231MagazineMehdi Hasan: How Islamic is Islamic State?Mehdi Hasan — 10 March 2015
- 232NewsAnother battle with Islam's 'true believers'Sheema Khan — 29 September 2014
- 233NewsThe slow backlash – Sunni religious authorities turn against Islamic State6 September 2014
- 234من هم الخوارجAbdullah Bin Baz
- 235NewsSaudi Arabia's Grand Mufti denounces Islamic State group as un-IslamicReuters — 25 August 2014
- 236Muslim Scholars Letter to al-Baghdadi of ISIS or ISIL – A Missed OpportunityAmad Shaikh — 1 October 2014
- 237NewsMuslim Scholars Release Open Letter to Islamic State Meticulously Blasting Its IdeologyLauren Markoe — 24 September 2013
- 238Open Letter to Al-BaghdadiSeptember 2014
- 239NewsIsis is 'an offence to Islam', says international coalition of major Islamic scholarsCahal Milmo — 25 September 2014
- 240MagazineISIS Leader Killed in US Raid Was a SNITCH Who Orchestrated the Yazidi GenocideMitchell Prothero — 4 February 2022
- 241Ethnic cleansing on a historic scale: The Islamic State's systematic targeting of minorities in northern IraqAmnesty International — 2 September 2014
- 242News'Gruesome evidence of ethnic cleansing' in IraqDeutsche Welle — 2 September 2014
- 243NewsHead of Egypt's al-Azhar condemns ISIS 'barbarity'Al Arabiya English — 3 December 2014
- 244NewsIn search of 'renewal' – Al-Azhar is at the centre of an escalating controversyAmany Maged — 15 January 2015
- 245Sheikh Al-Azhar Speech in opening of conferenceMuslim World League — 22 February 2015
- 246News70,000 clerics issue fatwa against terrorism, 15 lakh Muslims support itPriyangi Agarwall — 9 December 2015
- 247NewsIslamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi addresses Muslims in MosulHannah Strange — 5 July 2014
- 248NewsAl-Qaradawi: Rulers Of UAE And Daesh Leaders Are Two Sides Of The Same CoinMiddle East Press News Agency — 2 August 2016
- 249MagazineBattle LinesRobyn Creswell et al. — 8 June 2015
- 250NewsThousands of French Muslims Protest Herve Gourdel BeheadingThomas Halleck — 26 September 2014
- 251NewsA Short History Of ISIS Propaganda Videos11 March 2015
- 252VideoGhosts of Aleppo (Full Length)Vice News — 30 September 2014
- 253NewsAl Qaeda appears 'moderate' compared to Islamic State, veteran jihadist saysThomas Joscelyn — 25 October 2015
- 254The Plight of Syria's Druze Minority and U.S. OptionsWaleed Rikab — 9 September 2015
- 255Iraq churches, mosques under ISIL attackKhalid al-Taie — Al-Shorfa — 13 February 2015
- 256MagazineAl-Qaeda Cuts Ties with Syrian Rebel Group4 February 2014
- 257NewsAl Qaeda chief calls for jihadist unity to 'liberate Jerusalem'Thomas Joscelyn — 2 November 2015
- 258NewsNumber of ISIS defectors growing, disillusioned with killing fellow Muslims: Study21 September 2015
- 259NewsDefectors: ISIS is killing Muslims, not protecting themPeter R. Neumann — CNN — 22 September 2015
- 260A 'disgraceful reality': Islamic State spies posing as defectors5 November 2015
- 261Are we ISIS?Ian Almond — Political Theology — 7 January 2015
- 262NewsHow America made ISISTom Engelhardt — 3 September 2014
- 263In our world beyond nations, the future is medieval3 September 2014
- 264Al-Qaida Sanctions ListUnited Nations
- 265NewsEU Terrorist Listing – An Overview about Listing and Delisting ProceduresMartin Wahlisch — Berghof Foundation — 2010
- 266Proscribed Terrorist Organisations, pp.13–15Home Office — 20 June 2014
- 267Foreign Terrorist OrganizationsBureau of Counterterrorism. United States Department of State
- 268Listed terrorist organisationsAustralian National Security
- 269Currently listed entitiesPublic Safety Canada
- 270NewsIraq issues 'most wanted' terror listSuadad Al Salhy — 4 February 2018
- 271NewsCharging Turkey for ISISHilal Kaplan — 3 September 2014
- 272NewsSaudi Arabia designates Muslim Brotherhood terrorist groupReuters — 7 March 2014
- 273NewsBNPT Declares ISIS a Terrorist Organization2 August 2014
- 275NewsMalaysia designates ISIS as terrorist group, vows tough action: Report25 September 2014
- 276The Federal Council adopts Ordinance banning the Islamic State Group and related organisationsFederal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
- 279NewsIndia bans IS16 December 2014
- 280NewsRussia calls on all states to put Islamic State, Jabhat al-Nusra on terrorist listsRussian News Agency TASS — 29 December 2015
- 281NewsKyrgyzstan Bans IS, Designates It As Terror GroupJoanna Paraszczuk — Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty — 2 March 2015
- 282, item 1 of First Schedule
- 283NewsSyria condemns terrorist acts in Iraq, expresses solidarity with Iraqi government, army and peopleManal — Syrian Arab News Agency
- 284NewsJordan launches airstrikes against ISIS6 February 2015
- 285NewsReport says ISIL terrorist group has a base near US16 April 2015
- 286NewsNo Room for terrorist5 August 2017
- 287NewsIslamic State listed among proscribed outfitsZahid Gishkori
- 290蘋果日報Apple Daily — 25 November 2015
- 291Xi Jinping's speech on the event of a Chinese citizen being killed by terrorist organizationMinisry of Foreign Affairs, China
- 292Desde la @AsambleaVE hemos declarado a la disidencia de las FARC, ELN, Hamas, Hezbollah e ISIS como grupos terroristas, ordenándoles a todos los cuerpos de seguridad del Estado proteger nuestra soberanía e integridad territorial frente a la amenaza que representan estos grupos.Juan Guaidó — 4 September 2019
- 293Operation Pacific Eagle–Philippines Lead Inspector General Report To The United States CongressUnited States Department of Defense
- 294NewsATC labels CPP-NPA, IS East Asia terrorist organizations31 December 2020
- 295NewsAzerbaijan jails 7 who joined militants in Syria, Iraq16 November 2018
- 296Bahrain Terrorist List (Individuals – Entities)Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Bahrain
- 2975 Kuwaitis acquitted of funding Daesh, Al-Nusra Front7 January 2016
- 298The list of terrorists and extremistsFinancial Monitoring Department, National Bank of Tajikistan
- 299The list of prohibited foreign organizations in KazakhstanGovernment of Kazakhstan — 3 November 2020
- 301NewsGermany Bans Support for ISISMelissa Eddy — 12 September 2014
- 302NewsISIL banned in GermanyJanette Roberts — 17 September 2014
- 303Drucksache 18/759Deutscher Bundestag
- 304JournalThe ISIS Crisis and the Development of International Humanitarian LawJohan D. van der Vyver — 2016
- 305NewsIndia Bans ISIS After Government Raises Concerns Over Group's Online PresenceAvaneesh Pandey — 16 December 2014
- 306NewsISIS: The first terror group to build an Islamic state?Tim Lister — CNN International — 13 June 2014
- 308NewsExtremists in Iraq Continue March Toward BaghdadKarl Vick et al. — 11 June 2014
- 309NewsStruggling to Gauge ISIS Threat, Even as U.S. Prepares to ActMark Mazzetti et al. — 10 September 2014
- 310NewsHow to think about Islamic StatePankaj Mishra — 24 July 2015
- 312NewsIslamist fighters drawn from half the world's countries, says UNJason Burke — 26 May 2015
- 313NewsSaddam's former army is secret of Baghdadi's successReuters — 16 June 2015
- 314Support for Isis stronger in Arabic social media in Europe than in SyriaShiv Malik — 28 November 2014
- 315Views of ISIS Overwhelmingly NegativePew Research Center — 17 November 2015
- 316Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle EastPew Research Center — July 2014
- 317Teenage Terrorists and the Digital Ecosystem of the Islamic StateKristina Hummel — Combating Terrorism Center at West Point — 28 February 2025
- 318NewsPrisons holding ISIS members in Syria a breeding ground for radicalization, officials sayLeila Molana-Allen — 3 May 2024
- 319NewsThere Are 13 Guantanamos in the Syrian DesertCharles Lister — 27 March 2023
- 320NewsISIS has an army in waiting — and Trump's next move could decide whether it rises again12 February 2025
- 321NewsUS begins transfer of up to 7,000 IS group detainees from Syria to Iraq22 January 2026
- 323NewsCoalition commanders seek plan to counter Daesh advance14 October 2014
- 324Press releaseJoint Statement Issued by Partners at the Counter-ISIL Coalition Ministerial MeetingUS State Department — 3 December 2014
- 325Special Report: Operation Inherent ResolveU.S. Department of Defense
- 327NewsCivilian deaths tripled in U.S.-led campaign against ISIS in 2017, watchdog allegesMissy Ryan — 18 January 2018
- 328NewsLebanese army slowly crushing extremists near Syria borderBassem Mroue et al. — Associated Press — 22 June 2016
- 330NewsIran's elite Guards fighting in Iraq to push back Islamic StateBabak Dehghanpisheh — Reuters — 3 August 2014
- 331NewsRussia Tells Iraq It's 'Ready' to Support Fight Against ISISAlexander Smith — NBC News — 26 September 2014
- 333NewsRussia launches first airstrikes in SyriaEd Payne et al. — CNN — 30 September 2015
- 334NewsAzerbaijan Arrests Alleged ISIS and Other Islamic FightersGiorgi Lomsadze — 24 September 2014
- 335NewsSecurity forces arrest local Islamic State commander in Lahore: sources21 January 2015
- 336Al Masalah
- 337NewsTaliban labels Islamic State affiliate a 'false sect'Sahar Akbarzai et al. — CNN — 3 July 2022
- 338NewsISIL, Nusra Clash Fiercely on Qalmoun Barrens: 25 Killed, Injured17 December 2014
- 339NewsISIS gaining ground in Yemen, competing with al QaedaBrian Todd — CNN — 22 January 2015
- 340NewsAl Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb backs jihadists fighting Islamic State in Derna, LibyaThomas Joscelyn — 9 July 2015
- 341NewsSuspected Leader of Pro-IS Al-Shabab Faction Reported Killed22 November 2015
- 342NewsISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting TalibanLynne O'Donnell — 12 January 2015
- 343NewsISIL warns Hamas in video messageAl Jazeera English — 1 July 2015
- 344Hezbollah fighters and the "jihadis": Mad, drugged, homicidal, and hungryRadwan Mortada — 19 May 2014
- 345NewsIslamic State leader urges attacks in Saudi Arabia: speechReuters — 13 November 2014
- 346PKK forces impress in fight against Islamic StateA. Salih Mohammed — Al-Monitor — 1 September 2014
- 347NewsAssyrians fight back in Iraq, Badanah village liberated from ISISLeith Aboufadel — 3 September 2016
- 349Suqur al-Furat: A Pro-Assad Sha'itat Tribal Militia:: Aymenn Jawad Al-TamimiAymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi — 10 August 2017
- 350NewsBreaking: Syrian Army Reopens the Ithriyah-Salamiyah Road in East Hama After Defeating ISISLeith Aboufadel — 24 October 2015
- 351"الجهاد الإسلامي": "داعش" عاجز أمامنا21 July 2015
- 354Newsفصائل سورية مسلحة تتفق على إسقاط النظام ومحاربة داعشسميرة علي مندي — 12 June 2015
- 355"مشمش" لقيادة القتال ضد "داعش" في المنطقة الشرقية28 May 2014
- 357قائد "فتح حلب": أوقفنا تقدم داعش وانتقلنا لمرحلة الهجومAnadolu Agency
- 359More reinforcements pour into Palmyra as the Syrian Army prepares to storm the cityAl-Masdar News — 22 March 2016
- 361NewsSuicide bombers kill 14 in DamascusBill Roggio — 11 June 2013
- 362NewsSyria: Jabhat al-Nusra split after leader's pledge of support for al-QaedaRichard Spencer — 19 May 2013
- 363NewsAl-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, IraqLiz Sly — 3 February 2014
- 364NewsHow would a deal between al-Qaeda and Isil change Syria's civil war?Eugenio Lilli — 14 November 2014
- 365NewsISIL and Al Qaeda: Terror's frenemiesBobby Ghosh — 12 January 2015
- 366NewsAl Qaeda Leader Al-Zawahiri Declares War on ISIS 'Caliph' Al-BaghdadiJames Gordon Meek — 10 September 2015
- 367NewsAl Qaeda calls Islamic State illegitimate but suggests cooperationOmar Fahmy — Reuters — 9 September 2015
- 368NewsISIS accused of crimes against humanityAl Arabiya — 14 November 2014
- 369ISISHuman Rights Watch
- 370NewsUN probe: ISIS committing 'crimes against humanity' in SyriaNina Larson — 14 November 2014
- 371Iraq: Women Suffer Under ISISHuman Rights Watch — 5 April 2016
- 372"They Treated Us in Monstrous Ways"Human Rights Watch — 29 July 2020
- 373NewsVideo shows Islamic State executes scores of Syrian soldiersReuters — 28 August 2014
- 374Libya: Extremists Terrorizing Derna ResidentsHuman Rights Watch — 27 November 2014
- 375IS beheads Syrian captives in human 'Eid sacrifice'13 September 2016
- 376Kitab Al-Adahi (Book of Sacrifices)International Islamic University Malaysia
- 377NewsUN 'may include' Isis on Syrian war crimes listBBC News — 26 July 2014
- 379BookComplete International Law: Text, Cases and MaterialsAdemola Abass — Oxford University Press — 2014
- 380BookRefuting ISIS: A Rebuttal Of Its Religious And Ideological FoundationsMuhammad Al-Yaqoubi — Sacred Knowledge — 2015
- 381News'Islamic State' Is a Slur on Our Faith, Say Leading MuslimsDaniel Boffey
- 382BookThe Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political ThoughtPrinceton University Press — 2013
- 383NewsIsis: the inside storyMartin Chulov — 11 December 2014
- 384JournalJAS vs. ISWAP: The War of the Boko Haram SplintersCrisis Group — 28 March 2024
- 385JournalUsing the Mistakes of al Qaeda's Franchises to Undermine Its StrategiesBrian Fishman — 2008
- 386NewsThe Non-Islamic Non-StateSiobhan Fraile Ordonez — 28 September 2015
- 387MagazineThe Price of the Surge: How U.S. Strategy Is Hastening Iraq's DemiseSteven Simon — 2008