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Charlie Kirk

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— CH. 1 · INTRODUCTION —

Contents

Charlie Kirk

8 sections
  • Charlie Kirk, then a senior at Wheeling High School in Illinois, once organized a boycott of the cafeteria's cookies to protest a price increase. Charles James Kirk grew into an American political activist, entrepreneur, and media personality, and that small campaign hinted at his appetite for confrontation. Soon after, he wrote an essay for Breitbart News alleging liberal bias in high-school textbooks. It led to his first media appearance, on Fox Business, at age 17.

    He went on to lead a student organization that became one of the country's largest political groups. He hosted a daily radio show and became one of the most recognizable voices of the MAGA movement. Admirers saw a tireless recruiter of young conservatives. Critics, including groups that study hate speech, called his rhetoric divisive and extreme.

    This documentary follows a few questions. How did a teenager from the Chicago suburbs build a national organization? What did he say in public, and where did the facts fall short? How did his relationships with faith and with Donald Trump change over time? And what happened in September 2025, when his life ended in a public shooting that drew attention far beyond the United States?

  • Charles James Kirk was born on the 14th of October 1993 in Arlington Heights, Illinois, and raised in the neighboring city of Prospect Heights. His father, Robert W. Kirk, is an architect who took part in the construction of Trump Tower. His mother, Kathryn, is a former trader at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange who later worked as a mental health counselor. He had one younger sister, Mary, who became an art curator in Chicago.

    Kirk described his parents as moderate Republicans who moved in conservative circles. His father was a major donor to Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign. The family raised him in the Presbyterian Church, and he joined the Boy Scouts of America and earned the rank of Eagle Scout.

    His political awakening came in middle school, when he read books by the economist Milton Friedman and grew more drawn to Republican principles. In 2010, during his junior year, he volunteered for the successful U.S. Senate campaign of Illinois Republican Mark Kirk, who was no relation. That same year he started listening to The Rush Limbaugh Show, a prominent conservative talk radio broadcast.

    College did not go smoothly. In 2012 he applied to West Point and was rejected. Baylor University in Waco, Texas, accepted him that same year, but he enrolled instead at Harper College, a community college in Palatine, Illinois. He withdrew after a single semester to concentrate on a political group he had just co-founded. In 2015 he enrolled part-time at King's College in New York City, taking online classes. He never received a college degree, and he pointed that out himself in debates with academics and students.

  • In May 2012, Kirk gave a speech at Benedictine University's "Youth Government Day" and met Bill Montgomery, then a Tea Party-backed legislative candidate. Montgomery later recalled that earlier speakers had bored an audience of a few hundred high-school students. According to him, those students began to pay rapt attention once Kirk started speaking. Montgomery urged him to pursue activism full time.

    A month after they met, the two co-founded Turning Point USA, hoping to rival liberal groups such as MoveOn. Kirk described it as a student organization for free markets and limited government. At the 2012 Republican National Convention, he met Foster Friess, a former investment manager and prominent Republican donor. Kirk persuaded Friess to finance the new group.

    Kirk remained executive director, chief fundraiser, and public face of Turning Point USA for the rest of his life. He became known for touring college campuses and hosting informal debates, usually with students, in an effort to steer them toward conservative candidates. The Associated Press reported that online clips of these visits helped him "secure a steady stream of donations that transformed Turning Point into one of the country's largest political organizations". The group later held rallies where leading conservatives addressed tens of thousands of young voters. In 2025, it said it had chapters on more than 2,000 college and high school campuses, plus 32,000 inquiries about new chapters in the days after Kirk's death.

    The organization also drew scrutiny. It publishes the Professor Watchlist and the School Board Watchlist, which critics say threaten academic freedom and have led to targeted harassment of academics. A web host briefly suspended the Professor Watchlist in 2019. In 2020, ProPublica investigated the group's finances and reported misleading financial claims and audits that were not done by an independent auditor. It also reported that leaders had enriched themselves. Kirk's salary rose from $27,000 to nearly $300,000, and he bought an $855,000 condo in Longboat Key, Florida. Turning Point USA reported $39.2 million in revenue that year.

    In 2021, the group announced Turning Point Academy, an online school meant as an alternative to schools it accused of "poisoning our youth with anti-American ideas". The Arizona education firm StrongMind first partnered on the project and assessed its potential at over $40 million in gross revenue at full capacity of 10,000 students. That partnership ended after StrongMind's own employees objected, and the subcontractor Freedom Learning Group also backed out. In 2022, the group turned to Dream City Christian School, a private school with campuses in Glendale and Scottsdale, Arizona. That school received $900,000 in Arizona school voucher funds in the 2022-23 school year.

    In November 2019, Kirk and Jerry Falwell Jr. co-founded the Falkirk Center for Faith and Liberty, a right-wing think tank funded, owned, and housed by Liberty University. Its name blended "Falwell" and "Kirk", and its fellows included Antonia Okafor, Sebastian Gorka, and Jenna Ellis. In 2020 it spent at least $50,000 on Facebook advertisements promoting Trump and Republican candidates. Students and alumni objected to its aggressive tone. Falwell resigned as president in August 2020, and the university did not renew Kirk's one-year contract late that year. In 2021 the center was renamed the Standing for Freedom Center.

    Kirk then teamed with Pentecostal pastor Rob McCoy to found Turning Point Faith, which urged pastors and church leaders to engage in local and national politics. Its 2021 Investor Prospectus gave it a $6.4 million budget and spoke of engaging thousands of pastors nationwide.

  • At Turning Point USA's college events, Kirk invited students to "prove him wrong" in front of an audience of vocal supporters. The New York Times reviewed more than four dozen debates from his twice-yearly university tours and discussed them with four debate coaches and professors. Its analysis found that he used the format to "deliver a consistent hard-line message while orchestrating highly shareable moments". The Times noted that he had sharpened his performance against hundreds of opponents. His less-experienced challengers were likely to respond with agitation and defensiveness.

    From October 2020, Kirk hosted The Charlie Kirk Show, a daily three-hour radio talk show on Salem Media Group's channel "The Answer". It ranked among the most popular podcasts on Apple Podcasts. Internal Turning Point data put its downloads between 500,000 and 750,000 per day in 2024. He also hosted Turning Point Live, a three-hour streaming show aimed at Generation Z, and the group's monthly online average reached 111,000 unique visitors in 2021.

    A February 2023 study by the Brookings Institution examined 36,603 episodes from 79 prominent political podcasters. It found that Kirk's podcast had the second-highest proportion of false, misleading, and unsubstantiated statements. Kirk saw his own reach through a different lens. In 2022, journalist Bari Weiss released internal Twitter documents dubbed "The Twitter Files", alleging that the platform limited conservative voices. According to Rolling Stone, Kirk's account had been flagged "do not amplify".

    In April 2024, Kirk opened a TikTok account after earlier doubts about the platform. Videos of him talking with college students on campus tours took off, and some reached as many as 50 million views. In February 2025, he signed with the Trinity Broadcasting Network to host a weekday talk show, Charlie Kirk Today.

    He also wrote books. Time for a Turning Point, co-written with Brent Hamachek, appeared in 2016 from Post Hill Press, a subsidiary of Simon & Schuster. In 2018 the same publisher released Campus Battlefield, with a foreword by Donald Trump Jr. Adam Rubenstein of The Weekly Standard called it a "hot mess" and described the thin volume as stuffed with reprinted tweets and quotes from others.

  • At the 2016 Republican National Convention, Kirk told Wired that he "was not the world's biggest Donald Trump fan" but would vote for him. He added that Trump's candidacy made Turning Point's mission harder. He changed course at the convention and spent the rest of the campaign helping with travel and media arrangements for Donald Trump Jr. In October 2016, he joined Trump Jr., Eric Trump, and Lara Trump at a Fox News event with a pro-Trump tone.

    In July 2019, Kirk announced that Turning Point Action had acquired Students for Trump along with all its media assets. Turning Point Action is a 501(c)(4) group designed to elect more conservatives, and he became chairman of Students for Trump. His campaign to mobilize young voters for the 2020 reelection effort failed. Turning Point USA and the Trump campaign each blamed the other for the drop in Trump's youth support. In April 2020, Matthew Rosenberg and Katie Rogers wrote in The New York Times that Kirk was "walking the line between mainstream conservative opinion and outright disinformation".

    On the 3rd of March 2020, Kirk released The MAGA Doctrine, published by HarperCollins. In it, he wrote that the Republican Party was "in some sense no longer a conservative party, no longer the party of Reagan, but instead a Trump-remade populist party". He also served as the William F. Buckley Jr. council member of the Council for National Policy, according to a leaked September 2020 membership directory.

    On the 5th of January 2021, Kirk wrote on Twitter that his groups were sending more than 80 "buses of patriots to D.C. to fight for this president". A Turning Point spokesman later said the groups sent seven buses carrying 350 students. Publix heiress Julie Fancelli gave Kirk's organizations $1.25 million to fund the buses, and Kirk paid $60,000 for Kimberly Guilfoyle to speak at the rally. Afterward, he said the violence at the Capitol was not an insurrection. In December 2022, he appeared before the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack and pleaded the Fifth Amendment. His team gave the committee 8,000 pages of records. In a closed-door meeting, Ali Alexander blamed Kirk and TPUSA for financing the travel of demonstrators, while spokesperson Andrew Kolvet denied that Kirk advocated violence.

    Before the 2024 election, Kirk visited about 25 college campuses on a tour marketed as "You're Being Brainwashed". Turning Point Action said the tour produced around two billion views on social media. Reports credited his engagement of young conservatives with a "key role" in Trump's election, and he helped the president-elect choose leaders, including cabinet members. He was also an early investor in 1789 Capital, a firm that invests in MAGA businesses, which Trump Jr. joined in November 2024. In March 2025, Trump appointed him to the U.S. Air Force Academy Board of Visitors.

    In 2025, Kirk endorsed Andy Biggs in the Arizona governor contest and Nate Morris in the Kentucky U.S. Senate primary. In July, he interviewed guests about Jeffrey Epstein on his podcast and pressed the administration to release more information. His final political rally took place in Kentucky, alongside Morris.

  • The New York Times said Kirk symbolized hope for the Christian right, but other voices saw something else. Groups that study hate speech, including the Southern Poverty Law Center, described his rhetoric as divisive, racist, xenophobic, and extreme. Kirk replied that "Disagreement is a healthy part of our systems." Various outlets and academics called his positions far-right, while others said those positions now sit in the mainstream of American conservatism.

    His religious views shifted sharply. In 2018, he told Dave Rubin, "We do have a separation of church and state, and we should support that." In 2019, he met Rob McCoy, a megachurch pastor in Ventura County, California, who convinced him that America's founding documents derived from the Bible. By 2022, Kirk was calling the separation of church and state a "fabrication". At a 2024 Trump campaign rally he said, "This is a Christian state. I'd like to see it stay that way." The Anti-Defamation League accused him of promoting Christian nationalism. Events such as the embassy move to Jerusalem and COVID-era church closures also influenced him. In January 2025, he said he had kept a "Jewish sabbath" since 2021, switching off his phone from Friday night to Saturday night.

    On abortion, Kirk argued in a September 2024 Jubilee Media debate that it is murder and should be illegal. He opposed exceptions for rape. On guns, he spoke for the National Rifle Association in Parkland, Florida, after the school shooting there in February 2018. At an April 2023 event in Salt Lake City, he said that "unfortunately, some gun deaths every single year" were a worthwhile cost for protecting the Second Amendment. He also opposed transgender rights and medical care, and in April 2024 he urged Trump to propose a nationwide ban on gender-affirming care.

    On race, Kirk had called Martin Luther King Jr. a "hero" and a "civil rights icon" before December 2023. That month, at AmericaFest, he called King "awful... not a good person" and described the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as a "huge mistake". He told The New York Times he took the "Caldwellian view" from a book called The Age of Entitlement. He also opposed making Juneteenth a federal holiday. In January 2024, his comments blaming DEI programs for aviation problems, including a remark about Black pilots, sparked conflict with the Republican National Committee over outreach to Black voters.

    In October 2023, Kirk said on his show that Jewish donors had been a leading funding source for radical policies, a claim critics condemned as antisemitic. The Anti-Defamation League accused him of building a platform for extremists. In July 2025, he called hatred of Jews "evil" and "demonic", and Dennis Prager defended him against the antisemitism charge. He was strongly pro-Israel and told an audience in Jerusalem in 2019, "I'm very pro-Israel". Days before his death, he texted associates that donors were trying to "bully" him, and businessman Robert Shillman cancelled a $2 million donation over Tucker Carlson's appearance at a TPUSA event. Spokesman Andrew Kolvet called Kirk's views on Israel "complicated and nuanced".

    Kirk also broke with allies on some issues. He opposed crackdowns on pro-Palestinian speech aimed at American citizens, saying "the right to speak freely is the birthright of all Americans". On foreign affairs, he opposed sending arms to Ukraine and opposed U.S. involvement in the Twelve-Day War, though he kept "full and complete trust" in Trump. He opposed the 2016 Paris Agreement and called global warming a hoax. The week before he was killed, he made stops in Seoul, where Build Up Korea hosted him, and in Tokyo, at an event run by the party Sanseitō.

  • In July 2018, Kirk claimed on social media that Justice Department statistics showed human trafficking arrests rising from 1,952 in 2016 to 6,087 in the first half of 2018. A fact-checker showed the second number had originated on the conspiracy site 8chan, and Kirk deleted the post the next day without explanation. In December 2018, he falsely claimed that French yellow vests protesters chanted "We want Trump". Trump later repeated the claim.

    His own West Point story shifted repeatedly. In a 2015 speech at the Liberty Forum of Silicon Valley, he suggested that a less-qualified candidate had taken a slot he considered his. In 2017 he told The New Yorker he had been sarcastic. In 2018 he told the Chicago Tribune he was repeating something he had been told. At a New Hampshire Turning Point event with Rand Paul in October 2019, he claimed he never said it.

    After the murder of George Floyd, Kirk promoted debunked claims about Floyd's past. He repeatedly asserted on Facebook, YouTube, and Rumble that the medical examiner had ruled an overdose the cause of death. Agence France-Presse reported that the doctor stood by the classification of the death as a homicide. Corrections were then added to Kirk's posts.

    In 2020, Kirk spread false claims about COVID-19. He called the virus the "China virus", and Trump retweeted him. Twitter briefly banned him after he falsely said hydroxychloroquine was "100% effective" against the virus, and Rudy Giuliani retweeted the claim. A meme he shared about the 2009 swine flu pandemic confused two types of emergency declarations, and a Turning Point spokesman acknowledged the error. In 2020, Kirk said he refused to follow mask requirements because "the science around masks is very questionable". In July 2021, on a Fox News show hosted by Tucker Carlson, he called mandatory student vaccination "medical apartheid".

    On the 5th of November 2020, Kirk led a Stop the Steal protest at the Maricopa Tabulation Center in Phoenix. After Trump lost, he promoted false and disproven claims of election fraud, and Giuliani's communications plan to overturn the election counted him as a "big name" social influencer. In the run-up to the 2024 election, Kirk promoted the false claim that Haitians in Springfield, Ohio, were eating residents' pets.

    Shortly before his death, Kirk suggested that Jeffrey Epstein had been a Mossad agent. Israeli officials, including former Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, denied that Epstein had any such ties. In 2021, a Turning Point video featuring Kirk and Candace Owens claimed there was "no factual data to back up global warming", and Science Feedback rated the claims inaccurate. Kirk later issued a correction, and the video was removed.

  • In May 2021, Kirk married Erika Kirk, a businesswoman and podcaster who had won the Miss Arizona USA pageant in 2012. The couple had a daughter, born in August 2022, and a son, born in May 2024.

    On the 10th of September 2025, Kirk was on stage at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah, for a TPUSA event called "The American Comeback Tour". At 12:23 p.m. MDT, about 20 minutes after the event began, a rooftop sniper shot him in the neck. About 3,000 people were in the audience. He was taken to Timpanogos Regional Hospital in critical condition and was pronounced dead later that afternoon.

    On the 12th of September, authorities arrested 22-year-old Tyler James Robinson in Washington, Utah. On the 16th of September, he was charged with aggravated murder, felony discharge of a firearm causing serious bodily injury, and two counts each of obstruction of justice and witness tampering. He also faced a charge of commission of a violent offense in the presence of a child. On the 11th of December, he made his first in-person court appearance, before Judge Tony Graf.

    On the 14th of September, a public vigil took place at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. House speaker Mike Johnson, press secretary Karoline Leavitt, and Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. attended. On the 21st of September, a memorial service at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, filled to capacity with a turnout nearing 100,000. President Trump, Vice President JD Vance, and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth were among those present. Speakers included Tucker Carlson, White House chief of staff Susie Wiles, and Erika Kirk, who publicly forgave Robinson.

    Before Kirk was even pronounced dead, Trump asked for prayers on Truth Social. All living former presidents, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Joe Biden, echoed the sentiment. Vigils were held outside U.S. embassies abroad. The one in Vienna drew the youth wing of the far-right Freedom Party of Austria and activist Martin Sellner. In the following days, Americans were about equally likely to view Kirk favorably or unfavorably, and many had no opinion. Republicans accused liberals of inciting violence with rhetoric, while Democrats used the event to press for gun control. Trump and congressional Republicans faced criticism for blaming Democrats without evidence.

    Activist Laura Loomer called for retaliation and doxxed people she accused of celebrating Kirk's death. Early demands to silence and fire such people grew into a campaign to punish anyone who criticized Kirk. A USA Today analysis found that by the 18th of September, more than 100 people had been censured, suspended, dismissed, or put under investigation. They included more than 50 high school teachers and college professors. Hegseth told his staff to identify and discipline service members who mocked or approved of the killing. The New York Times called the effort "a conservative version of the cancel culture". Debate over free speech grew sharper after comedian Jimmy Kimmel's show was suspended. Natasha Lindstaedt of the University of Essex wrote that some scholars see the martyr label as part of a Trump administration campaign to vilify the liberal left.

    Honors followed quickly. Kirk had made the 2018 Forbes 30 Under 30 list for Law & Policy and received an honorary doctorate from Liberty University in May 2019. After his death, Trump ordered flags at half-staff until sunset on the 14th of September. On the 11th of September, Trump announced that Kirk would receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which Erika accepted on the 14th of October. The mayor of Netanya, Israel, announced a traffic circle would be renamed for him, and Westminster, California, partly renamed a street Charlie Kirk Way. Hillsdale College president Larry P. Arnn announced a posthumous honorary degree. A commemorative song made with artificial intelligence, "We Are Charlie Kirk", reached Billboard and Spotify's viral charts. In March 2026, the Department of Education hung banners honoring Booker T. Washington, Catharine Beecher, and Kirk as American heroes.

Updated

Common questions

Who was Charlie Kirk?

Charlie Kirk, born Charles James Kirk on the 14th of October 1993, was an American right-wing political activist, entrepreneur, and media personality. He co-founded Turning Point USA in 2012 and served as its executive director until his death in 2025.

When and how did Charlie Kirk die?

Charlie Kirk was fatally shot in the neck on the 10th of September 2025 while speaking at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah. The shooting took place at 12:23 p.m. MDT, about 20 minutes after the TPUSA event began, in front of about 3,000 people.

Who was charged in the Charlie Kirk shooting?

Authorities arrested 22-year-old Tyler James Robinson in Washington, Utah, on the 12th of September 2025. He was charged on the 16th of September with aggravated murder and other offenses, and he made his first in-person court appearance on the 11th of December before Judge Tony Graf.

How did Charlie Kirk start Turning Point USA?

Charlie Kirk met Bill Montgomery at a Benedictine University event in May 2012, and the two co-founded Turning Point USA a month later. At the 2012 Republican National Convention, Kirk persuaded donor Foster Friess to finance the organization.

What did Charlie Kirk do on his radio show and online?

From October 2020, Charlie Kirk hosted The Charlie Kirk Show, a daily three-hour radio talk show on Salem Media Group's channel The Answer. TPUSA's internal data put its downloads between 500,000 and 750,000 per day in 2024, and Kirk also drew videos with as many as 50 million views on TikTok.

What was Charlie Kirk's relationship with Donald Trump?

Charlie Kirk began 2016 saying he was not the world's biggest Trump fan, then flipped to support Trump at the Republican National Convention. He later chaired Students for Trump, and he helped the president-elect choose leadership positions after the 2024 election.

How many people attended the Charlie Kirk memorial service?

Almost 100,000 people attended Charlie Kirk's memorial service on the 21st of September 2025 at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. Speakers included Tucker Carlson, Susie Wiles, and Erika Kirk, who publicly forgave Tyler James Robinson.

All sources

304 references cited across the entry

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  8. 21NewsDeath threats are forcing professors off campusDan Lieberman — December 21, 2017
  9. 22Targeted Harassment of FacultyAmerican Association of University Professors
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  16. 51NewsHow a right-wing provocateur is using race to reach Gen ZThomas Beaumont — November 17, 2021
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  30. 88NewsIsraeli leaders heap praise on Charlie Kirk as a staunch ally of IsraelAli Harb — Al Jazeera — September 11, 2025
  31. 93Charlie Kirk once said Jewish money was ruining US cultureAnna Rascouët-Paz — September 11, 2025
  32. 99No, French protesters are not chanting, 'We want Trump'Louis Baudoin-Laarman et al. — AFP Fact Check — December 4, 2018
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  35. 115NewsCharlie Kirk dead at 31, Trump saysPBS — September 10, 2025
  36. 116ThesisChristian Nationalists and Their Initial Response to the Death of George Floyd: Select Churches and Organizations in Southern California, Nevada, and ArizonaAllison Clark — Youngstown State University — May 2022
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  38. 119MagazineWho is Charlie Kirk, the new faith-focused enforcer of Trumpism?Jack Jenkins — January 5, 2025
  39. 123BookResisting Divide-and-Conquer Strategies in Education: Pathways and PossibilitiesDennis L. Rudnick — Myers Education Press — 2024
  40. 127What were Charlie Kirk's views that so angered some and energised others?Paddy Manning — ABC News — September 12, 2025
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  44. 140Magazine13 of Charlie Kirk's most anti-LGBTQ+ quotesRyan Adamczeski — September 15, 2025
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  46. 148Few Mass Shooters Have Been TransgenderAshley Wang — September 17, 2025
  47. 149NewsWhat Charlie Kirk Could Mean for the Future of Marriage and FamilyCaroline Kitchener — September 19, 2025
  48. 155Turning Point USA's blooming romance with the alt-rightBrendan Joel Kelley — Southern Poverty Law Center — February 16, 2018
  49. 161VideoCharlie Kirk and Candace Owens - Western Conservative Summit 2018Centennial Institute — July 13, 2018
  50. 165NewsWhere Charlie Kirk Stood on Key Political IssuesAshley Ahn et al. — September 17, 2025
  51. 169Died: Charlie Kirk, Activist Who Championed 'MAGA Doctrine'Daniel Silliman — September 11, 2025
  52. 170The Right's Campaign to Erase America's Racist RootsAlex Kotch — PR Watch — March 17, 2021
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  54. 205NewsCharlie Kirk in His Own WordsSeptember 12, 2025
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  62. 231NewsIn California, Charlie Kirk's pastor sees God's hand in Trump's winHailey Branson-Potts — November 24, 2024
  63. 234Turning Point Founder Charlie Kirk Is Now with the LordInstitute for Creation Research — September 10, 2025
  64. 235Remembering Charlie Kirk, Creation DefenderDavid F. Coppedge — September 11, 2025
  65. 236When Charlie Kirk Talked About Intelligent DesignDavid Klinghoffer — September 10, 2025
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  67. 245NewsTyler Robinson said he killed Charlie Kirk because he 'spreads too much hate': OfficialsJon Haworth et al. — ABC News — September 16, 2025
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  72. 265NewsAfter Kirk Assassination, Fear and Vitriol Intensify in CongressAnnie Karni et al. — September 11, 2025
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