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— CH. 1 · ORIGINS AND EARLY GROWTH —

Twitter

~5 min read · Ch. 1 of 6
6 sections

  • In March 2006, Jack Dorsey sent the first message from a service called twttr to a small group of Odeo employees. The prototype relied on Short Message Service technology to deliver text updates to mobile phones. Work began in February that year with Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber building an internal tool for their startup. The public launch arrived on the 15th of July 2006, after the team purchased the domain twitter.com six months later. Biz Stone and Evan Williams formed Obvious Corporation in October 2006 to acquire Odeo from its investors. Noah Glass remained silent about his role until 2011, though he had inspired the five-character name based on American SMS short codes. Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007 following rapid early adoption. The tipping point came at the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive conference where daily usage jumped from 20,000 tweets to 60,000. By 2012, more than 100 million users produced 340 million daily posts. The platform grew to over 200 content partners streaming video across 450 events by 2019.

  • The original strict limit required every post to stay under 140 characters of text. In 2017, Twitter doubled this allowance to 280 characters while excluding handles and media from the count. Subscribers gained the ability to create posts up to 4,000 characters starting in 2023. Multimedia support arrived gradually with photo sharing launching globally in August 2011. Polls became available for seven days in 2015 without revealing voter identities. Video streaming partnerships included major leagues like the NFL and networks such as MTV and BET. Twitter Spaces allowed live audio conversations with a maximum of 13 people on stage since October 2021. Fleets offered temporary stories that disappeared after 24 hours before being removed in August 2021. Quote reposts let users add comments to existing posts starting in 2015. Hashflags generated custom emojis next to hashtags during specific time periods beginning in 2014.

  • Elon Musk purchased Twitter for US$44 billion in October 2022 to transform it into an everything app. Linda Yaccarino succeeded him as CEO on the 5th of June 2023, while he remained chairman and chief technology officer. The company transitioned to X Corp. in March 2023 following the acquisition. Musk announced the rebranding to X in July 2023, retiring the signature bird logo by May 2024. The new logo resembles the Unicode mathematical alphanumeric symbol for the letter X styled in double-strike bold. Mike Proulx of The New York Times criticized the change as wiping out brand value. Rolling Stone called the rebrand desperate while critics noted its Big Brother tech overlord vibe. Users review bombed the newly rebranded app on the iOS App Store immediately upon reveal. In March 2025, X Corp. was acquired by xAI, Musk's artificial intelligence company, valuing the platform at $33 billion with a full valuation of $45 billion including debt. Linda Yaccarino stepped down from her role as CEO in July 2025.

  • A report released on the 21st of October 2021 analyzed millions of tweets sent between April 1 and the 15th of August 2020. Machine learning algorithms amplified right-leaning politics on personalized user Home timelines across seven countries. Researchers used the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey to position parties on political ideology within each nation. Twitter randomly chose 1% of users whose Home timelines displayed content in reverse-chronological order from directly followed accounts. A 2021 study found that 47% of local trends in Turkey and 20% of global trends were fake or created from scratch by bots. Fake trends included phishing apps, gambling promotions, disinformation campaigns, and hate speech against vulnerable populations. The platform has been accused of becoming increasingly right-wing and catering to hate groups since the acquisition. Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic spread widely during 2020 despite fact-checking efforts. State-linked misinformation operations originated from Russia, China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia by late 2023.

  • On the 15th of July 2020, a major hack affected 130 high-profile accounts including Barack Obama and Bill Gates. Scammers used social engineering to obtain credentials from employees to access an administration tool for a smash-and-grab bitcoin scheme. Analysis revealed over $30,000 in bitcoin deposited before Twitter intervened. On the 25th of May 2022, the Federal Trade Commission fined Twitter $150 million for collecting phone numbers and email addresses for targeted advertising. The European Commission issued a €120 million fine in December 2025 for alleged non-compliance with Digital Services Act requirements. A bug introduced in June 2021 allowed linking email addresses and phone numbers to user accounts until January 2022. A hacker on Breach Forums compiled over 5.4 million user profiles to sell for $30,000. Twitter settled a lawsuit filed by Donald Trump in February 2025 paying him approximately $10 million after suspending his account in January 2021. The FTC released a report in September 2024 summarizing nine company responses regarding data practices that put individuals vulnerable to identity theft and stalking.

  • Twitter released its first public API version in September 2006 which quickly became iconic for programming tutorials. Developer interest surged immediately following launch as teams built mobile clients and URL shorteners. In 2010, Twitter mandated OAuth authentication with just nine weeks of notice while launching its own URL shortener in competition. Stricter usage limits introduced in 2012 completely crippled some developers despite increasing stability. Third-party access ended in January 2023 forcing all external clients to shut down permanently. Twitterrific's Sean Heber confirmed the 16-year-old app discontinued due to unannounced policy changes. Paid tier plans replaced free access starting in February 2023 with more limited capabilities. The Innovators Patent Agreement announced on the 17th of April 2012 obligated Twitter to use patents only for open source purposes. Source code for the recommendation algorithm was released to GitHub on the 31st of March 2023 after Elon Musk polled followers about transparency. Proprietary code leaked during a security attack in March 2023 before being removed from repositories.

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Common questions

When was Twitter founded and who created it?

Twitter began work in February 2006 with Jack Dorsey and Florian Weber building an internal tool for their startup Odeo. The public launch arrived on the 15th of July 2006 after the team purchased the domain twitter.com six months later.

What are the character limits for posts on Twitter now compared to the past?

The original strict limit required every post to stay under 140 characters of text. Subscribers gained the ability to create posts up to 4,000 characters starting in 2023 while the allowance doubled to 280 characters in 2017.

Who owns X Corp. as of March 2025 and what is its valuation?

X Corp. was acquired by xAI Elon Musk's artificial intelligence company in March 2025 valuing the platform at $33 billion with a full valuation of $45 billion including debt. Linda Yaccarino stepped down from her role as CEO in July 2025 following the acquisition.

How did Twitter handle political bias according to the October 2021 report?

A report released on the 21st of October 2021 analyzed millions of tweets sent between April 1 and the 15th of August 2020 showing machine learning algorithms amplified right-leaning politics on personalized user Home timelines across seven countries. Researchers used the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey to position parties on political ideology within each nation.

What fines has Twitter received for data privacy violations?

On the 25th of May 2022 the Federal Trade Commission fined Twitter $150 million for collecting phone numbers and email addresses for targeted advertising. The European Commission issued a €120 million fine in December 2025 for alleged non-compliance with Digital Services Act requirements.

See all questions about Twitter →

All sources

509 references cited across the entry

  1. 1newsFrom Dorsey's First Tweet to Musk's Ownership: A Comprehensive History of TwitterAmanda MacArthur — November 25, 2024
  2. 2webX, formerly known as Twitter, constructs new headquarters building in Bastrop, TexasJay Janner — September 20, 2024
  3. 3webElon Musk says Twitter, now X, is moving to monthly subscription fees and has 550 million usersLora Kolodny — CNBC — September 18, 2023
  4. 4webTop Websites Ranking
  5. 5newsSo What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway?Kate Conger — August 3, 2023
  6. 6webX, formerly Twitter, opens job search function to all users
  7. 7webTwitter turns sixMarch 21, 2012
  8. 8webCompany: "About Twitter"
  9. 9webStunning New Numbers on Who Uses TwitterNicholas Carlson — June 2, 2009
  10. 10webSizing Up Twitter UsersStefan Wojcik et al. — April 24, 2019
  11. 11newsX criticised for enabling spread of Israel-Hamas disinformationDan Milmo — October 9, 2023
  12. 12webX, formerly Twitter, amplifies disinformation amid the Israel-Hamas conflictRohan Goswami — CNBC — October 9, 2023
  13. 13webElon Musk's X adds to fog of war at outset of Israel-Hamas conflictSean Lyngaas et al. — CNN — October 9, 2023
  14. 14webHate speech is soaring on Twitter under Elon Musk, report findsMia Sato — December 2, 2022
  15. 15webNew Data Suggests that Hate Speech is on the Rise on Twitter 2.0
  16. 16webHate Speech's Rise on Twitter Is Unprecedented, Researchers FindSheera Frenkel et al. — December 2, 2022
  17. 17webRead this: A new report shows X is amplifying far-right accountsNovember 7, 2025
  18. 18webElon Musk created a monster that's tearing the right apartAndrew Prokop — January 2, 2026
  19. 19webConspiracy theorists, homophobes, neo-Nazis: Ten accounts that embody Twitter's change under MuskDecember 19, 2022
  20. 20webHas X become a Right-wing echo chamber?Noah Carl
  21. 21newsTwitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the RoleSarah Frier — Bloomberg News — June 5, 2023
  22. 22newsElon Musk to quit as Twitter CEO when replacement foundMonica Miller — December 21, 2022
  23. 23newsTwitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the RoleJune 6, 2023
  24. 24webTwitter X logo: Elon Musk rebrands social media platformJordan Valinsky — July 24, 2023
  25. 25webElon Musk reveals rebranding of Twitter as X – and what he wants us to now call a tweetSky News
  26. 26webElon Musk says xAI has acquired X in deal that values social media site at $33 billionLora Levy et al. — 2025-03-28
  27. 27webMusk's xAI buys his social media platform X2025-03-29
  28. 28webLinda Yaccarino steps down as CEO of Elon Musk's XAshley Levy et al. — 2025-07-09
  29. 29newsElon Musk Merges SpaceX With His A.I. Start-Up xAIRyan Mac et al. — February 2, 2026
  30. 30webSpaceX acquires xAI in record-setting deal as Musk looks to unify AI and space ambitionsEcho Wang — February 2, 2026
  31. 31newsWhy Twitter's C.E.O. Demoted HimselfMiller, Claire Cain — October 30, 2010
  32. 32tweetIt's true that @Noah never got enough credit for his early role at Twitter. Also, he came up with the name, which was brilliant.Ev — April 13, 2011
  33. 33newsBuy a vowel? How Twttr became TwitterNovember 23, 2010
  34. 34webTwitter creator Jack Dorsey illuminates the site's founding documentDavid Sano — 2009-02-18
  35. 35webHow Twitter Was FoundedNicholas Carlson — April 13, 2011
  36. 36webOdeo Releases TwttrMichael Arrington — AOL — July 15, 2006
  37. 37newsThe real history of Twitter isn't so short and sweetNicholas Carlson — April 14, 2011
  38. 38newsTwitter's Fifth Beatle Tells His Side of the StoryMadrigal, Alexis — April 14, 2011
  39. 39webA Conversation with Twitter Co-Founder Jack DorseyAndrew Lennon
  40. 40web5 years ago today Twitter launched to the publicCourtney Boyd Meyers — July 15, 2011
  41. 41web13th Annual Webby Special Achievement Award WinnersThe Webby Awards
  42. 42newsJimmy Fallon Wins Top Webby: And the Winners Are...Ian Paul — May 5, 2009
  43. 43newsTwitter Users Send 50 Million Tweets Per Day – Almost 600 Tweets Are Sent Every Second Through the Microblogging Site, According to Its Own MetricsClaudine Beaumont — February 23, 2010
  44. 44newsTwitter Registers 1,500 Per Cent Growth in UsersMarch 4, 2010
  45. 45webBig Goals, Big Game, Big RecordsGarrett, Sean — Twitter Blog (blog of Twitter) — June 18, 2010
  46. 46webFacebook was the most-downloaded app of the decadeAlison DeNisco Rayome — CNET
  47. 47webTwitter Says It Has 140 Million UsersMarch 21, 2012
  48. 48webTwitter Now Has More Than 200 Million Monthly Active UsersDecember 18, 2012
  49. 49webTwitter flips the bird, adopts new logoSalvador Rodriguez — June 6, 2012
  50. 50magazineTwitter's New Logo Inspires Parodies, CSS GreatnessScott Gilbertson — June 8, 2012
  51. 51newsTwitter files for IPO in first stage of stock market launchHeidi Moore — September 12, 2013
  52. 52webTwitter redesign looks a lot like FacebookVlad Savov — April 8, 2014
  53. 53webWhat if the Twitter growth everyone is hoping for never comes?Matthew Ingram — October 25, 2015
  54. 54webTwitter user growth continues to stallLaurie Beaver et al. — October 28, 2015
  55. 55webRevenue Is Up, But Twitter Is Still Struggling In Slow Growth ModeMartin Beck — Marketing Land — October 27, 2015
  56. 56newsTwitter now has a problem that's way worse than slow user growthAlice Truong — February 10, 2016
  57. 57webLike It or Not, You're Getting Twitter's Redesigned Website SoonJuly 15, 2019
  58. 58newsTwitter overcounted active users since 2014, shares surge on profit hopesBrett Molina — October 26, 2017
  59. 59webQ2 2020 Letter to Shareholders, July 23, 2020, @TwitterIR
  60. 60webFull Page ReloadJuly 29, 2020
  61. 61webUpdating our Approach to Misleading InformationYoel Roth et al. — May 11, 2020
  62. 62newsTwitter CEO Jack Dorsey On Section 230, Transparency, Appeals And Twitter Turning 15Jill Goldsmith — February 10, 2021
  63. 63webTwitter's decentralized futureLucas Matney — January 15, 2021
  64. 64webTwitter launches Spaces live-audio rooms to all users with more than 600 followersSalvador Rodriguez — CNBC — May 3, 2021
  65. 65webTwitter will now let anyone with 600 or more followers host its audio Spaces on mobileKim Lyons — May 3, 2021
  66. 66newsTwitter launches subscription-based feature "super follows"September 1, 2021
  67. 67webTwitter is opening applications to test Ticketed Spaces and Super FollowsAdi Robertson — June 22, 2021
  68. 68magazineKnow Your Twitter Terms: 'Block' vs. 'Mute'
  69. 69news13 reasons to mute people on TwitterSamuel Gibbs — May 13, 2014
  70. 70webNow every Twitter web user can 'soft block' annoying followersOctober 11, 2021
  71. 71webUsing Twitter with Your PhoneTwitter Support
  72. 72webThere's a List for ThatStone, Biz — October 30, 2009
  73. 73newsThe tricky business of business tweetingBrown, Amanda — March 2, 2011
  74. 74newsTwitter quote tweets are now easier to findJon Porter — September 1, 2020
  75. 75newsTwitter Officially Launches Its 'Retweet With Comment' FeatureCatherine Shu — April 7, 2015
  76. 76newsTwitter officially kills off favorites and replaces them with likes
  77. 77web9 Things You Need To Know About Twitter's Massive RedesignCatharine Smith — December 8, 2011
  78. 78webDiese Tweets wurden am häufigsten geteiltMay 27, 2020
  79. 79webDownload the free Twitter app Twitter
  80. 80newsThe edit button may finally be coming to Twitter. Here's when you'll be able to use itEvan Santiago — September 3, 2022
  81. 81newsTwitter: How To Set Up Your AccountDonald Strachan — February 19, 2009
  82. 82webRaise Your 'Hashflags': Twitter Reintroduces World Cup HashtagsAlex Magdaleno — June 11, 2014
  83. 83webTwitter hashflags call out support for the Asian American community: Thursday Wake-Up CallMarch 18, 2021
  84. 84webTwitter's Branded Emojis Come With a Million-Dollar CommitmentLauren Johnson — February 2, 2016
  85. 85webTwitter is testing a way to let you limit replies to your tweetsJay Peters — May 20, 2020
  86. 86newsTwitter will let you change who can reply to a tweet after you post itJay Peters — July 13, 2021
  87. 87newsComing soon to Twitter: More room to tweetMay 24, 2016
  88. 88webTwitter eases 140 character limitRob Lever — May 24, 2016
  89. 89webTwitter redesigns replies so usernames don't count against the 140-character limitCasey Newton — March 30, 2017
  90. 90webGiving you more characters to express yourself
  91. 91newsTwitter Blue users can now post tweets with up to 4,000 charactersJohn Fingas — February 8, 2023
  92. 92webAbout Twitter's Link ServiceTwitter Help Center (module of Twitter)
  93. 93webLinks and Twitter: Length Shouldn't MatterGarrett, Sean — Twitter Blog (blog of Twitter) — June 8, 2010
  94. 94webTwitter Tightens Grip on Own FirehoseMetz, Cade — September 2, 2010
  95. 95webTwitter now with integrated photo-sharing service and completely new twitter searchTechshrimp — June 1, 2011
  96. 96inlineMike Flacy "Twitter photo sharing goes live for all users" , Digital Trends. August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
  97. 97inlineTwitter Help center: Picture Descriptions – How to make images accessible for people
  98. 98webAccessible images for everyone
  99. 99webTwitter rolls out its ALT badge and improved image descriptionsKim Lyons — April 7, 2022
  100. 100magazineYour Twitter Feed Is About to Be Flooded With PollsOctober 21, 2015
  101. 101webTwitter quietly deletes millions of accounts from the old text message daysMatt Binder — Mashable — April 28, 2020
  102. 102webTwitter turns off its original SMS service in most countriesJacob Kastrenakes — The Verge — April 27, 2020
  103. 103webTwitter and CBS News to partner for live stream of Republican and Democratic National ConventionsCBS News — July 11, 2016
  104. 104webTwitter plans to broadcast live video 24 hours a dayApril 26, 2017
  105. 105webTwitter buys NFL streaming rights for 10 Thursday Night Football gamesJon Brodkin — April 5, 2016
  106. 106webTwitter still thinks it's a TV platform — and here are its dozen new showsMay 2, 2017
  107. 107webTwitter Pushes Live-Video Deals With MLB, National Football League, Viacom, BuzzFeed, Live Nation, WNBA and MoreMay 2017
  108. 108webTwitter is finally letting everyone create SpacesEmma Roth — October 21, 2021
  109. 109webTwitter starts testing its own version of Stories, called 'Fleets,' which disappear after 24 hoursMarch 4, 2020
  110. 110webTwitter brings Fleets to India, for 'those uncomfortable with public tweets'June 10, 2020
  111. 111webTwitter Launches Disappearing 'Fleets' Globally After Tests In Select MarketsDade Hayes — Deadline — November 17, 2020
  112. 112webWhat Twitter Fleets signals about the future of the companyCasey Newton — November 18, 2020
  113. 113webTwitter's Fleets are getting Stories-like adsKim Lyons — June 1, 2021
  114. 114webTwitter is shutting down Fleets, its expiring tweets featureAlex Heath — July 14, 2021
  115. 115inlineA.W. Ohlheiser, Why Twitter still has those terrible Trends , MIT Technology Review (July 28, 2022).
  116. 116inlineMass scale manipulation of Twitter Trends discovered, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (June 2, 2021).
  117. 117inlineTuğrulcan Elmas, Rebekah Overdorf, Ahmed Furkan Özkalay, Karl Aberer, Ephemeral Astroturfing Attacks: The Case of Fake Twitter Trends (2019), via arXiv.
  118. 118webTwitter Lists!Support forum at help.twitter.com — n.d.
  119. 119webTwitter gets a new 'List Search' feature; Know what it is all aboutMay 26, 2023
  120. 120webHow to create a Twitter List (and join others)Monica Chin — March 5, 2020
  121. 121newsMeet Moments, Twitter's Most Important New Feature EverDavid Pierce — October 6, 2015
  122. 122webTwitter launches Moments, its dead-simple tab for browsing the best tweetsCasey Newton — October 6, 2015
  123. 123webTwitter opens its Moments feature up to everyoneJacob Kastrenakes — September 28, 2016
  124. 124journalAlgorithmic Amplification of Politics on TwitterFerenc Huszár et al. — October 21, 2021
  125. 125newsTwitter's algorithm favours right-leaning politics, research findsOctober 22, 2021
  126. 126journalThe political effects of X's feed algorithmGermain Gauthier et al. — February 18, 2026
  127. 127newsX's Algorithm Makes Users More Conservative, Study SuggestsMartina Di Licosa — February 18, 2026
  128. 128webTwitter apps for phones, tablets and computers.
  129. 129webTwitter Lite is a faster, leaner mobile web version of TwitterSam Byford — April 6, 2017
  130. 130webTwitter launches a 'lite' mobile web app that's optimized for emerging marketsJon Russell — AOL — April 6, 2016
  131. 131webTwitter Blue Seemingly Getting X RebrandingAugust 5, 2023
  132. 132webX (Twitter) Blue is Dead, Welcome X Premium • iPhone in Canada BlogAugust 5, 2023
  133. 133webTwitter launches its premium subscription, Twitter Blue, initially in Canada and AustraliaSarah Perez — June 3, 2021
  134. 134webTwitter will now let you pay to undo tweets and read ad-free news in the USJay Peters — November 9, 2021
  135. 135newsElon Musk unveils new sarcasm-loving AI chatbot for premium X subscribersVishwam Sankaran — November 6, 2023
  136. 136webTwitter discontinues ad-free articles for Blue subscribersEmma Roth — November 1, 2022
  137. 137webElon Musk will let you pay $8 to be a verified 'lord' on TwitterJay Peters — November 1, 2022
  138. 138webElon Musk's $7.99 Twitter Blue with verification is 'coming soon' on iOSEmma Roth — November 5, 2022
  139. 139webCan an $8 Twitter subscription bail out Elon Musk? Let's look at the numbers.Matt Binder — November 8, 2022
  140. 140webTwitter seemingly now requires all advertisers to have a verified checkmarkPaul Sawers — April 21, 2023
  141. 141webElon Musk delays $8 'blue check' Twitter verification plan until after the midtermsDonie O'Sullivan et al. — CNN — November 6, 2022
  142. 142webTwitter quietly drops $8 paid verification; "tricking people not OK," Musk saysAshley Belanger — November 11, 2022
  143. 143newsElon Musk's first big Twitter product paused after fake accounts spreadRachel Lerman et al. — November 11, 2022
  144. 144webElon Musk relaunches Twitter Blue with higher price for iPhone usersBobby Allyn — NPR — December 12, 2022
  145. 145webSchrödinger's blue check: According to Twitter, I may or may not be notableAmanda Silberling — December 8, 2022
  146. 146webTwitter to start phasing out legacy verification system on April 1, but not all will lose blue checksJared Gans — Nexstar Media, Inc. — March 25, 2023
  147. 147webTwitter to Revoke 'Legacy' Verified Badges in April, Leaving Only Paying Subscribers With Blue Check-MarksTodd Spangler — March 23, 2023
  148. 148webTwitter finally removes legacy verification check marksRohan Goswami — CNBC — April 20, 2023
  149. 149webElon Musk says verified Twitter accounts are now prioritized, whatever that meansStan Schroeder — April 25, 2023
  150. 150newsTwitter to prioritise replies from followed and verified usersMarch 20, 2023
  151. 151newsTwitter rolls out paid subscription 'Super Follows' to let you cash in on your tweetsTaylor Hatmaker — Tech Crunch — September 1, 2021
  152. 152newsTwitter Super Follows has generated only around $6k+ in its first two weeksSarah Perez — Tech Crunch — September 12, 2021
  153. 153webTwitter replaces 'Super Follows' with 'Subscriptions'April 14, 2023
  154. 154newsTwitter is testing a new Tip Jar feature for sending money to your favorite accountsChaim Gartenberg — March 6, 2021
  155. 155webYou can now get paid in bitcoin to use TwitterSalvador Rodriguez — CNBC — September 23, 2021
  156. 156newsTwitter starts launching Ticketed Spaces for some iOS usersAshley Carman — The Verge — August 27, 2021
  157. 157newsTwitter, Stripe pilot cryptocurrency payments for creatorsLisa Pauline Mattackal — April 22, 2022
  158. 158newsTwitter pilots a new shopping section for brandsJon Porter — July 28, 2021
  159. 159webTwitter begins testing 'Shops' feature to grow ecommerceMarch 10, 2022
  160. 160webWalmart will be the first retailer to test Twitter's new livestream shopping platformNovember 22, 2021
  161. 161webElon Musk's X partners with Visa on payment service in an effort to become an 'everything app,'2025-01-28
  162. 162webX Money to revolutionise payments and creator opportunities in 2025, says CEO Linda Yaccarino - CNBC TV18January 8, 2025
  163. 163webElon Musk's X begins its push into financial services with Visa dealHugh Son et al. — 2025-01-28
  164. 164newsElon Musk's X partners with Visa to move into financial services—and no, it's not for crypto (yet)Jennifer Mattson — 2025-01-28
  165. 165newsSocial Networks: Facebook Takes Over Top Spot, Twitter ClimbsKazeniac, Andy — Compete.com — February 9, 2009
  166. 166webGlobal Social Networks Ranked by Number of Users
  167. 167newsTwitter is now losing users in the U.S.Seth Fiegerman
  168. 168webElon Musk Says X Now Has 600M Monthly Active Users
  169. 169webMusk Says X Has 600 Million Monthly Active UsersJim Silver — May 23, 2024
  170. 170webYou can now customize your For You feed on Threads using swipesSarah Perez — June 3, 2024
  171. 171newsWho's Driving Twitter's Popularity? Not TeensClaire Cain Miller — August 25, 2009
  172. 172webInside Twitter – An In-Depth Look Inside the Twitter WorldCheng, Alex — Sysomos — June 2009
  173. 173webWho Uses Twitter?Bluff, Brian — site-seeker.com — May 2010
  174. 174webWhy So Many Black People Are On TwitterAdrian Chen — Univision Communications — May 17, 2011
  175. 175webWhy Is Twitter More Popular With Black People Than White People?Nick Saint — Axel Springer SE — April 30, 2010
  176. 176webTwitter has 100 million active usersChris Taylor — September 8, 2011
  177. 177webTwitter Reports First Quarter 2014 Results
  178. 178inlineEvette Alexander, Polarization in the Twittersphere: What 86 million tweets reveal about the political makeup of American Twitter users and how they engage with news Knight Foundation/
  179. 179inlineDeen Freelon Associate Professor in the Hussman School of Journalism and Media, Tweeting Left, Right & Center: How users and attention are distributed across Twitter , Knight Foundation.
  180. 180webTwitter, Inc Common Stock
  181. 181newsSocial Media Update 2016November 11, 2016
  182. 183bookTwitter Study Reveals Interesting Results About UsagePear Analytics — August 12, 2009
  183. 184webTwitter: "pointless babble" or peripheral awareness + social grooming?danah boyd — August 16, 2009
  184. 185journalSeeking and Sharing: Motivations for Linking on TwitterAvery Holton et al. — 2014
  185. 186news44 Percent of Twitter Accounts Have Never TweetedMurphy, David — April 13, 2014
  186. 187webShare of U.S. adults using social media, including Facebook, is mostly unchanged since 2018April 10, 2019
  187. 188newsMany Twitters Are Quick Quitters: StudyBelinda Goldsmith — April 29, 2009
  188. 189webTwitter Is Not AmericaAlexis C. Madrigal — April 24, 2019
  189. 190webTwitter seeks to settle 2016 class action lawsuit for $800 millionTom Hals et al. — September 20, 2021
  190. 191webThreads is tracking to surpass X in daily active usersTim Marcin — 2025-09-29
  191. 192magazineWho Made That Twitter Bird?Melanie Rehak — August 8, 2014
  192. 193newsTwitter's Logo Is Named After Larry BirdEric Freeman — Yahoo!Sports — August 2011
  193. 194newsNo flipping the bird! Twitter unveils strict usage guidelines for new logoJosh Halliday — June 7, 2012
  194. 195newsTwitter's bird logo gets a makeoverBrandon Griggs — CNN — June 7, 2012
  195. 196newsTwitter rebrands to X as part of Elon Musk's plan to create an 'everything app'Anthony Cuthbertson — July 24, 2023
  196. 197webTwitter logo change: Five facts about the now-dead Twitter blue birdJuly 24, 2023
  197. 198newsMusk Declares Fan-Submitted 'X' New Twitter Logo in Abrupt ShiftVlad Savov — July 24, 2023
  198. 199newsThe logo of X, formerly Twitter, wasn't actually stolenLouis Ashworth — July 24, 2023
  199. 200tweetElon Reeve Musk
  200. 201webX2025-09-15
  201. 202newsFrom Twitter to X: Elon Musk Begins Erasing an Iconic Internet BrandRyan Mac et al. — July 24, 2023
  202. 203webApp Store users are downrating Twitter's rebranding to X with 1-star reviewsSarah Perez — August 2, 2023
  203. 204magazineTwitter's 'X' Rebrand Is Elon Musk's Most Desperate Gimmick YetMiles Klee — July 24, 2023
  204. 205newsX Corp sues social media startup over bid to claim 'Twitter' brandBlake Brittain — Reuters — 16 December 2025
  205. 206newsTwitter Unveils 'Promoted Tweets' Ad Plan – Twitter To Let Advertisers Pay for Tweets To Appear in Search ResultsCharles Arthur — April 13, 2010
  206. 207webTwitter Debuts 'Promoted Tweets' Ad PlatformSara Kimberley — MediaWeek (U.K. edition) — April 13, 2010
  207. 208newsPhoto agency's CEO addresses TwitPic controversyLaurent, Olivier — May 11, 2011
  208. 209webTwitter Ad Revenues to Grow 210% to $139.5 Million in 2011
  209. 210webTwitter Will Automate Ad-Buying by the End of the YearTodd Wasserman — Mashable.com — June 9, 2011
  210. 211webTwitter opens self-service ads to everyoneZach Miners — IDG Communications — April 30, 2013
  211. 212inline"Twitter Rolls Out Promoted Tweets for Mobile" ; Wasserman, Todd. March 20, 2012. mashable.com.
  212. 213magazineTwitter Is Helping Brands Drive Conversations With Instant Unlock CardsMary Swant
  213. 214newsTwitter bans Russian government-owned news sites RT and Sputnik from buying adsElizabeth Dwoskin — October 26, 2017
  214. 215newsTwitter Bans Ads From Russia Today and the Sputnik Network, Citing Election MeddlingOctober 27, 2017
  215. 216webTwitter Bans Political Ads on Its Platform, Pressure Up on Defiant FacebookOctober 31, 2019
  216. 217newsTwitter allows US political candidates and parties to advertise in policy switchKari Paul — August 30, 2023
  217. 218webPolitical ContentX for Business
  218. 219webTwitter bans 'misleading' ads about climate changeJustine Calma — April 22, 2022
  219. 220webX's Sales Pitch: Give Us Your Ad Business or We'll SueSuzanne Vranica et al. — June 10, 2025
  220. 221newsTwitter fined $150m for handing users' contact details to advertisersDan Milmo — May 26, 2022
  221. 222newsTwitter to pay $150 million fine over deceptively collected dataCat Zakrzewski — May 25, 2022
  222. 223webEU hits Elon Musk's X with 120 million euro fine for breaching bloc's social media lawKelvin Chan — 2025-12-05
  223. 224webElon Musk's X bans European Commission from making ads after €120m fineLaura Cress — 2025-12-08
  224. 225newsHow Twitter tweets your tweets with open sourceSteven Vaughan-Nichols — ZDNet — August 30, 2012
  225. 226newsThe Pied Piper of PayLee Gomes — June 22, 2009
  226. 227webTwitter on RubyRyan King — September 25, 2009
  227. 228webNew Tweets per second record, and how!Raffi Krikorian — August 16, 2013
  228. 229webAnnouncing StarlingPayne — January 16, 2008
  229. 230webTwitter on ScalaBill Venners — Artima Developer — April 3, 2009
  230. 231newsTwitter Search Is Now 3x FasterApril 6, 2011
  231. 232webHow Twitter scaled its infrastructure to handle record tweet-per-second daysOm Malik — August 17, 2013
  232. 233webTwitter API Wiki / FrontPage
  233. 234webIntroducing the Twitter API
  234. 235webRuby on Rails Tutorial (Rails 5)
  235. 236newsTwitter's 10 Year Struggle with Developer RelationsMarch 23, 2016
  236. 237webTwitter Launches Countdown to OAuthcalypseBen Parr — April 25, 2010
  237. 238newsTwitter to launch URL shortener and may block TinyURL and bit.ly
  238. 239webTweetro says it's 'completely crippled' by Twitter's strict 100,000 user token limitKimber Streams — November 11, 2012
  239. 240webTwitter API Changes Set Maximum User Cap for 3rd PartiesRobin Wauters — Thenextweb.com — August 17, 2012
  240. 241webTwitter Handcuffs Client Apps With New API ChangesAnthony Ha — August 16, 2012
  241. 242webTwitter introduces a new, fully rebuilt developer API, launching next weekJuly 16, 2020
  242. 243webTwitter wants to win back developer trusApril 21, 2022
  243. 244webRIP Third-Party Twitter ClientsJanuary 24, 2023
  244. 245webTwitterrific: End of an Era
  245. 246webTwitter is shutting down its free API, here's what's going to breakFebruary 8, 2023
  246. 247webTwitter introduces Innovators Patent Agreement, vows not to abuse patent systemTerrence O'Brien — AOL — April 17, 2012
  247. 248webTwitter / OpenSource
  248. 249webOpen Source Thanks
  249. 250webOpen Source
  250. 251webSearch: Stars>1GitHub
  251. 252webSource code for Twitter's Recommendation AlgorithmMarch 31, 2023
  252. 253webA new era of transparency for TwitterMarch 31, 2023
  253. 254webTwitter takes its algorithm 'open-source,' as Elon Musk promisedAlex Castro — March 31, 2023
  254. 255webX's 'open source' algorithm isn't a win for transparency, researchers sayKarissa Bell — February 4, 2026
  255. 256webTwitter says portions of source code leaked online CNN BusinessMarch 27, 2023
  256. 257webA Brief History Of Twitter's Many RedesignsApril 26, 2014
  257. 258newsTake a Tour of the New TwitterMichael Calore — September 16, 2010
  258. 259webHere Comes the New Twitter.comAdam Ostrow
  259. 260webThe New Twitter Is an Attack on All Desktop AppsJennifer Van Grove — September 15, 2010
  260. 261webTwitter app and website redesign: hands-on pictures and videoThomas Houston — December 8, 2011
  261. 262newsTwitter Arabic, Farsi, Hebrew and Urdu version launchMarch 7, 2012
  262. 263webSupported languages and browsersJune 30, 2020
  263. 264newsTwitter redesign makes more of photosLisa O'Carroll — September 18, 2012
  264. 265webTwitter is killing off its Discover tabBen Popper — April 8, 2015
  265. 266webTwitter replaces the Moments tab with ExploreCasey Newton — January 26, 2017
  266. 267webTwitter tests new desktop layoutsSteven Musil — CNET
  267. 268webProgressive Web Apps moving mainstream as Twitter makes its mobile site the main onePeter Bright — September 6, 2018
  268. 269webTwitter is changing Twitter.com to be more like mobile appSean Gallagher — July 15, 2019
  269. 270webTwitter desktop redesign adopts some of its mobile app's best featuresDami Lee — July 15, 2019
  270. 271webTwitter, Feds Settle Security Charges – Twitter Must Establish and Maintain a 'Comprehensive Information Security Program' and Allow Third-Party Review of the Program Biannually for the 10 YearsAntone Gonsalves — June 25, 2010
  271. 272webTwitter Warns news Organisations Amid Syrian Hacking AttacksDescrier — April 30, 2013
  272. 273newsTwitter adds two-step verification option to help fend off hackersSalvador Rodriguez — May 23, 2013
  273. 274webBarack Obama, Joe Biden, Elon Musk, Apple, and others hacked in unprecedented Twitter attackNick Statt — July 15, 2020
  274. 275webHackers Tell the Story of the Twitter Attack From the InsideKate Conger et al. — July 17, 2020
  275. 276webFBI Investigates Twitter Hack Amid Broader Concerns About Platform's SecurityRobert McMillan et al. — July 19, 2020
  276. 277webTwitter confirms zero-day used to expose data of 5.4 million accounts
  277. 278webTwitter Confirms Data Breach That Exposed Data Of 5.4 Million Users; Attackers May Still Have DataAugust 8, 2022
  278. 279webTwitter confirms zero-day used to access data of 5.4 million accountsPierluigi Paganini — August 5, 2022
  279. 280webTwitter admits to data breach exposing contact info for 5.4 million accountsDylan Carter
  280. 281newsFail WhaleWalker, Rob — February 15, 2009
  281. 282newsTweet, Tweet – There's Been an EarthquakeMurray Whyte — June 1, 2008
  282. 283webLa vera storia della balena di TwitterJanuary 24, 2015
  283. 284tweetOh, fail whale, you are making my website fail. No more wordpress-twitter-crossposting.Simmons, Jen — September 2, 2007
  284. 285magazineKilling the Fail Whale with Twitter's Christopher FryMat Honan — November 25, 2013
  285. 286webTwitter Growing Pains Cause Lots of Downtime in 2007Royal Pingdom (blog of Pingdom) — December 19, 2007
  286. 287webMacWorldDorsey, Jack — January 15, 2008
  287. 288webMacWorld Brings Twitter to its KneesKuramoto, Jake — Oracle AppsLab — January 15, 2008
  288. 289webX outage: Elon Musk's site is down, here's what we knowJanuary 16, 2026
  289. 290webNot Playing BallBiz Stone — June 6, 2009
  290. 291newsWhy Twitter Verifies Users: The History Behind the Blue CheckmarkCraig Kanalley — March 12, 2013
  291. 292webTwitter Launches Verified AccountsPete Cashmore — June 11, 2009
  292. 293webAbout verified accounts
  293. 294webAnnouncing an Application Process for Verified AccountsJuly 19, 2016
  294. 295magazineTwitter opens verification to allMatt Burgess — July 20, 2016
  295. 296webTwitter Unveils Exclusive Feature For Verified UsersKurt Wagner — September 12, 2013
  296. 298newsTwitter is launching its new verification policy on January 20thNick Statt — December 17, 2020
  297. 299webTwitter is planning to start charging $20 per month for verificationAlex Heath — October 31, 2022
  298. 300webTwitter's new gray "official" checks are rolling out to some high-profile accountsMia Sato — November 9, 2022
  299. 301webTwitter 'Official' gray check mark returns, now that 'Verified' is meaninglessElizabeth Lopatto — November 11, 2022
  300. 302webTwitter now lets businesses handle their employees' blue ticks, for a hefty priceMarch 31, 2023
  301. 303webTwitter launches Blue for Business, grants gold checkmarks to 'corporate entities'Kyle Wiggers — December 12, 2022
  302. 304webHow to Hide Your Followers & Who You Are Following on Twitter The Classroom SynonymClassroom.synonym.com — November 9, 2015
  303. 305webTwitter Privacy PolicyMay 14, 2007
  304. 306webWe read X's new privacy policy so you don't have toCaitlin Welsh et al. — August 31, 2023
  305. 307newsAdvertisers Are Watching Your Every TweetSaul Hansell — July 16, 2009
  306. 308webTwitter Power Players Get Shiny 'Verified' BadgesCaroline McCarthy — CNET — June 12, 2009
  307. 309webTwitter SubpoenaJanuary 17, 2009
  308. 310newsIcelandic MP Fights US Demand for Her Twitter Account DetailsRushe, Dominic — January 8, 2011
  309. 311inline"Twitter Inc., Unknown Posters Sued by Athlete Known as 'CTB' at U.K. Court" Bloomberg L.P..com May 20, 2011
  310. 312webTwitter users served with privacy injunctionPolitics.co.uk
  311. 313newsTwitter's European boss Tony Wang gives legal warningMay 25, 2011
  312. 314newsTwitter chief hints he may have to divulge users' namesLewis Smith — May 26, 2011
  313. 315newsTwitter Buys Dasient Security Startup To Combat SpamJanuary 24, 2012
  314. 316newsTwitter to selectively 'censor' tweets by countryJanuary 27, 2012
  315. 317inline"Twitter Blog – Tweets still must flow" January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  316. 318newsTwitter Blocks Germans' Access to Neo-Nazi GroupNicholas Kulish — October 18, 2012
  317. 319newsTwitter removes French anti-Semitic tweetsBBC — October 19, 2012
  318. 320webTwitter Is Trying to Block Images of James Foley's DeathYahoo! Tech — August 20, 2014
  319. 321tweetTwitter policy on media concerning a deceased userNu Wexler — August 19, 2014
  320. 322newsIreland to become privacy regulator for 300 m Twitter users
  321. 323webTwitter notifies users that it's now sharing more data with advertisersJacob Kastrenakes — April 8, 2020
  322. 324webTwitter is fighting election chaos by urging users to quote tweet instead of retweetOctober 9, 2020
  323. 325newsRetweets are back to normal as Twitter ends its quote tweet experimentK. Bell — December 17, 2020
  324. 326newsSocial media companies engaged in 'vast surveillance,' FTC finds, calling status quo 'unacceptable'Daysia Tolentino — NBC News — September 19, 2024
  325. 327newsThe FTC says social media companies can't be trusted to regulate themselvesGaby Del Valle — Vox Media — September 19, 2024
  326. 328reportA Look Behind the Screens: Examining the Data Practices of Social Media and Video Streaming ServicesFederal Trade Commission — 2024
  327. 329inline"Twitter's Tony Wang issues apology to abuse victims", BBC News, August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  328. 330inline"Of Pride, Prejudice and Harassment on Twitter" The New York Times, August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  329. 331inline"Twitter updates its rules for users, after uproar over rape, bomb threats", CNET, August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  330. 332webTwitter announces sweeping update to reporting, blocking toolsDecember 2, 2014
  331. 333webBuilding a safer Twitter
  332. 334newsTwitter unveils new tools to fight harassmentCBS News
  333. 335webTwitter Gives Harassed Users a Little AmmoDecember 4, 2014
  334. 336webTwitter Inc (TWTR) Could Use Gamergate Autoblocker Model To Block Millions of Fake Accounts?Fahad Saleem — December 4, 2014
  335. 337newsBlocked on Twitter: Software's limits in the fight against online hateDecember 4, 2014
  336. 338newsOne Woman's New Tool to Stop Gamergate Harassment on TwitterTaylor Wofford — November 29, 2014
  337. 339webTwitter CEO: 'We suck at dealing with abuse'Nitasha Tiku — February 5, 2015
  338. 340webProfitable ProvocationsJuly 2022
  339. 341inlineTwitter's corporate blog, "Announcing the Twitter Trust & Safety Council"
  340. 342bookGOP GPSEvan Siegfried — Skyhorse — August 23, 2016
  341. 343webIs Twitter's Trust & Safety Council a Front for Censorship?Dann Albright — Makeuseof — February 29, 2016
  342. 344webJust Another 'Black Box'? First Thoughts on Twitter's Trust And Safety CouncilAndrew Puddephatt — CircleID — February 11, 2016
  343. 345webDid Twitter's Orwellian 'Trust and Safety' Council Get Robert Stacy McCain Banned?Robby Soave — February 20, 2016
  344. 346webTwitter bans 7,000 QAnon accounts, limits 150,000 others as part of broad crackdownBen Collins et al. — NBC News — July 21, 2020
  345. 347webTwitter's new Safety Mode autoblocks abusive accountsJay Peters — September 1, 2021
  346. 348webTwitter launches Super Follows and Safety ModeCosmin Vasile — September 2, 2021
  347. 349webRevived lawsuit says Twitter DMs are like handing ISIS a satellite phoneAugust 30, 2016
  348. 350newsLawsuit Blames Twitter for ISIS Terrorist Attack
  349. 351newsCan Twitter Be Liable for ISIS Tweets?
  350. 352webTwitter is not legally responsible for the rise of ISIS, rules California district courtAugust 10, 2016
  351. 353webFields v. Twitter, Inc.Milan D. Jr. Smith — United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit — January 31, 2018
  352. 354webTwitter Suspends Russian Satirical Accounts, Raising Free Speech Questions NewsJune 2016
  353. 355newsTwitter unblocks spoof Putin account after widespread criticismThe Moscow Times et al. — June 2, 2016
  354. 356newsFacebook, YouTube, Twitter and Microsoft sign EU hate speech codeAlex Hern — May 31, 2016
  355. 357newsTwitter suspends 235,000 accounts for extremismElizabeth Weise — August 18, 2016
  356. 358newsTwitter suspended over 1.6 lakh terror-promoting accounts in six monthsMay 10, 2019
  357. 359newsTwitter suspensions for promoting terrorism drop yet againKris Holt — May 10, 2019
  358. 360newsTwitter's User-Reported Violations Jumped 19%—but the Number of Accounts Punished DroppedDanielle Abril — May 10, 2019
  359. 361newsTwitter reports fall in extreme contentMay 10, 2019
  360. 362newsTwitter has suspended more than 166,000 accounts related to promotion of terrorismFirstpost — May 10, 2019
  361. 363webTwitter will block links promoting hate speech and violenceKarissa Bell — July 28, 2020
  362. 364webTwitter bans 70,000 QAnon accounts as conservatives report lost followers
  363. 365newsElon Musk's X Settles Trump LawsuitMaggie Haberman et al. — 2025-02-13
  364. 366newsIt's not just the Russians anymore as Iranians and others turn up disinformation efforts ahead of 2020 voteCraig Timberg et al. — July 25, 2019
  365. 367newsTwitter to add labels to U.S. political candidatesCBS — May 23, 2018
  366. 368newsTwitter to verify election candidates in the midtermsNancy Scola — May 23, 2018
  367. 369webTwitter and Facebook remove accounts in interference crackdownDecember 20, 2019
  368. 370newsWhen U.S. blamed Saudi crown prince for role in Khashoggi killing, fake Twitter accounts went to war
  369. 371webUnderstanding Global Disinformation and Information Operations: Insights from ASPI's new analytic websiteAustralian Strategic Policy Institute — March 30, 2022
  370. 372webX rolls out 'About this account' feature that displays a profile's country of origin and moreJackson Chen — 2025-11-22
  371. 373webX to combat bot problem by showing more info about usersAvram Piltch — 2025-10-15
  372. 374webX launches transparency feature revealing account history, location and username changes2025-11-23
  373. 375newsX's new location feature sparks controversy, but is the data reliable?Huo Jingnan — 2025-11-25
  374. 376web'Based in Russia': What X's new location tool does and doesn't revealDecember 2025
  375. 377magazineThe Rise Of Twitter BotsRob Dubbin
  376. 378magazineBot or Not? Researchers make an app to sniff out bots on TwitterZach Miners — May 6, 2014
  377. 379newsI Flirt and Tweet. Follow Me at No. SocialbotIan Urbina — August 10, 2013
  378. 380webTwitter Admits 5% Of Its 'Users' Are FakeJillian D'onfro — October 4, 2013
  379. 381journalA one-class classification approach for bot detection on TwitterJorge Rodrıguez-Ruiz et al. — April 2020
  380. 382av mediaImpressions on the White House Twitter TownhallWhite House — July 8, 2011
  381. 383conferenceA Systematic Literature Review of Twitter Research from a Socio-Political Revolution PerspectiveBuettner, Ricardo et al. — IEEE — 2016
  382. 384newsIAmSpartacus campaign explodes on Twitter in support of airport jokerHaroon Siddique — November 12, 2010
  383. 385newsScottish newspaper identifies injunction footballerAdam Gabbatt et al. — May 22, 2011
  384. 386newsGCHQ leak lists UK cyber-spies' hacking toolsJuly 15, 2014
  385. 387inline"JTRIG Tools and Techniques". Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  386. 388webFacebook and Twitter uncover Chinese trolls spreading doubts about Hong Kong protestsMakena Kelly — August 19, 2019
  387. 389webHong Kong protests: Twitter and Facebook crack down on "deceptive" accounts linked to ChinaRamy Inocencio — CBS News — August 20, 2019
  388. 390webInformation operations directed at Hong KongAugust 19, 2019
  389. 391newsChina cries foul over Facebook, Twitter block of fake accountsAugust 20, 2019
  390. 392webChina Resists Charge by Twitter, Facebook of Disinformation EffortAugust 20, 2019
  391. 393webAnkara reacts to Twitter's move to suspend accountsJune 13, 2020
  392. 394magazineHow Turkey's Earthquake Response Failed Its PeopleSolcyre Burga — February 15, 2023
  393. 395newsPolice in India visited Twitter offices over 'manipulated media' labelManish Singh — May 24, 2021
  394. 396newsTwitter loses immunity over user-generated content in IndiaJuly 6, 2021
  395. 397webX sues government for using IT Act to block content, says arbitrary censorship2025-03-20
  396. 398newsPentagon Ran Secret Anti-Vax Campaign to Undermine China during PandemicChris Bing et al. — June 14, 2024
  397. 399webTwitter's sensitive media policy Twitter Help
  398. 400webHow Twitter is becoming more like OnlyFans – and what that means for usersMarch 4, 2021
  399. 401webHow Twitter's child porn problem ruined its plans for an OnlyFans competitorCasey Newton — August 30, 2022
  400. 402magazineSex Workers Worry They're Going to Be Purged From TwitterEj Dickson — February 2, 2021
  401. 403newsTwitter Faces Claim It Benefited From Child Sex Trafficking
  402. 404webDoe v. Twitter, Inc., 555 F. Supp. 3d 889 (N.D. Cal. 2021), Court Opinion
  403. 405newsExclusive: Brands blast Twitter for ads next to child pornography accountsSheila Dang et al. — September 29, 2022
  404. 406webGrok Makes Sexual Images of Kids as Users Test AI GuardrailsOlivia Solon et al.
  405. 407journalWeb 2.0 Emergency Applications: How Useful Can Twitter Be for Emergency Response?Alexander Mills et al. — 2009
  406. 408newsTwitter becomes a tool for tracking flu epidemics and other public health issuesBrooke Jarvis — March 4, 2013
  407. 409journalFinding Fires with TwitterRobert Power et al. — 2013
  408. 410journalTwitter earthquake detection: earthquake monitoring in a social worldPaul Earle et al. — 2011
  409. 411journalA social network analysis of Twitter: Mapping the digital humanities communityMartin Grandjean — 2016
  410. 412inlineRankin, M. (2010). "Some general comments on the 'Twitter Experiment'"
  411. 413inlineGrosseck & Holotescu (2008). "Can we use Twitter for educational activities?" Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific Conference: eLearning and Software forEducation, Bucharest, Romania.
  412. 414journalWhen talking less is more: exploring outcomes of Twitter usage in the large-lecture hallC. Michael Elavsky et al. — 2011
  413. 415journalThe effect of Twitter on college student engagement and grades: Twitter and student engagementR. Junco et al. — 2011
  414. 416journalPutting twitter to the test: Assessing outcomes for student collaboration, engagement and successReynol Junco et al. — 2013
  415. 417journalMicroblogs in Higher Education – A chance to facilitate informal and process-oriented learning?Martin Ebner et al. — Elsevier BV — 2010
  416. 418journalThe Use of Twitter in the Creation of Educational Professional Learning OpportunitiesRoss Carrie et al. — Spring 2015
  417. 419newsTwitter on the Barricades: Six Lessons LearnedNoam Cohen — June 20, 2009
  418. 420journalThe Policy Sciences of Social MediaMatthew Auer — 2011
  419. 421webMira Gonzalez And Tao Lin's Selected Tweets Is Deeper Than It SeemsJulia Escoria — The Fader — June 8, 2015
  420. 422newsRick Moody's Twitter Short Story Draws Long List of ComplaintsSteven Kurutz — December 1, 2009
  421. 423webThe Impact of Twitter on Journalism Off Book
  422. 424webHow has Twitter changed news coverage?Craig Chamberlain
  423. 425webTwitter Is Not as Important as Journalists Make It SeemFebruary 12, 2020
  424. 426webDo journalists pay too much attention to Twitter?
  425. 427webMost major outlets have used Russian tweets as sources for partisan opinion: study
  426. 428newsIn the Scripted World of Diplomacy, a Burst of TweetsMark Ländler — February 4, 2014
  427. 429newsQueen's first tweet.Rory Cellan-Jones — October 24, 2014
  428. 430webTwiplomacy Study 2013 – International OrganisationsTwiplomacy.com
  429. 431newsThe reason why the Pope has a Twitter and not a Facebook accountLinda Sharkey — May 23, 2014
  430. 432webRussia blocks Facebook and Twitter accessNicole Sganga — CBS News — March 4, 2022
  431. 433newsReligion, Twitter and freedom: A peaceful explosionMay 27, 2015
  432. 434newsChina blocks Twitter, Flickr, YouTube and Hotmail ahead of Tiananmen anniversaryTania Branigan
  433. 435webIraq Crisis: Twitter, Google, YouTube and Facebook Blocked by Government to Stop Isis PlottingJack Moore — June 13, 2014
  434. 436newsNigeria suspends Twitter after president's tweet was deletedJune 4, 2021
  435. 437webChallenging the access ban in Turkey
  436. 438newsVenezuelans Blocked on Twitter as Opposition Protests MountPatricia Laya — February 15, 2014
  437. 439webTurkmenistan country profileFebruary 26, 2018
  438. 440webHow Israel is trying to enforce gag orders beyond its bordersMichael Schaeffer Omer-Man — 972 Mag — August 9, 2016
  439. 441webTurkey top country seeking removal of content on Twitter: ReportSeptember 20, 2017
  440. 442newsTurkey had highest request for content removal on TwitterMay 11, 2019
  441. 443webUnited States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism: Testimony of Sean J. Edgett, Acting General Counsel, Twitter Inc.October 31, 2017
  442. 444newsGovt tells Twitter to block accounts inciting anti-India content using KashmirAugust 12, 2019
  443. 445webTwitter removes almost 1 million tweets in Kashmir, accused of bowing to Indian censorshipOctober 25, 2019
  444. 446webTwitter Launches Tor Onion Service Making Site Easier to Access in RussiaMarch 8, 2022
  445. 447webTwitter is launching a Tor service for more secure and private tweetingAdi Robertson — March 8, 2022
  446. 448newsX blocks 8,000 accounts in India under government order2025-05-08
  447. 449webWishy-washy age verification system puts X in the spotlight2025-07-30
  448. 450newsTwitter just suspended over 88,000 accounts tied to a Saudi disinformation campaignDecember 20, 2019
  449. 451webTwitter's Powerful Move Silences 175,000 Chinese And Russian Fake News AccountsDavey Winder
  450. 452webDisclosing networks of state-linked information operations we've removed
  451. 453newsTwitter suspends government-run accounts in CubaSeptember 12, 2019
  452. 454newsTwitter removes accounts linked to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, other countriesApril 2, 2020
  453. 455newsTwitter removes hundreds of accounts it says are linked to Iran, Russia, ArmeniaFebruary 23, 2021
  454. 456news200 accounts suspended over Kashmir reported to TwitterRamsha Jahangir — August 20, 2019
  455. 457newsTwitter Blocks Accounts in India as Modi Pressures Social MediaFebruary 10, 2021
  456. 458newsTwitter suspends accounts defending Duterte's COVID-19 response – reportApril 10, 2020
  457. 459webEmTech Stage: Twitter's CTO on misinformationNovember 18, 2020
  458. 460magazine'We're Back.' Far-Right Groups Celebrate Elon Musk's Twitter TakeoverVera Bergengruen — April 27, 2022
  459. 461webDays before the midterms, Twitter lays off employees who fight misinformationBen Collins et al. — NBC News — November 4, 2023
  460. 462newsTwitter ends Covid misinformation policy under MuskNovember 30, 2022
  461. 463webTwitter pulls out of voluntary EU disinformation codeFrancesca Gillett — May 27, 2023
  462. 464webTwitter's 'Birdwatch' looks like a new attempt to root out propaganda and misinformationSean Hollister — October 4, 2020
  463. 465webTwitter launches Birdwatch, a fact-checking program intended to fight misinformationKim Lyons — January 25, 2021
  464. 466magazineElon Musk's Main Tool for Fighting Disinformation on X Is Making the Problem Worse, Insiders ClaimVittoria Elliott — October 17, 2023
  465. 467webTwitter introduces aliases for contributors to its Birdwatch moderation programKim Lyons — November 22, 2021
  466. 468webTwitter to show 'Birdwatch' community fact-checks to more users, following criticismSarah Perez — March 3, 2022
  467. 469webTwitter will start showing crowd-sourced fact checks to some usersMia Sato — March 3, 2022
  468. 470newsAs Ukraine misinformation rages, Twitter's fact-checking tool is a no-showWill Oremus et al. — March 2, 2022
  469. 471journalModerating with the Mob: Evaluating the Efficacy of Real-Time Crowdsourced Fact-CheckingWilliam Godel et al. — October 28, 2021
  470. 472webTwitter is expanding its experimental community moderation systemMakena Kelly — September 7, 2022
  471. 473webCOVID misinfo is the biggest challenge for Twitter's Birdwatch program, data showsCorin Faife — October 10, 2022
  472. 474webTwitter's new Community Notes feature lets people add context to tweetsVishwam Sankaran — December 12, 2022
  473. 475webElon Musk said Twitter's Birdwatch feature will be renamed 'Community Notes' and is aimed at 'improving information accuracy' amid growing content-moderation concernsBethany Biron
  474. 476webAvec les 'notes de communauté', Twitter (X) marche sur les pas... de WikipédiaJulien Baldacchino — August 10, 2023
  475. 477newsI spent one week as an 'arbiter of truth' on Twitter's 'Community Notes' serviceDamien Leloup — July 3, 2023
  476. 478newsSupreme Court sidesteps ruling on scope of internet companies' immunity from lawsuits over user contentLawrence Hurley — NBC News — May 18, 2023
  477. 479webSupreme Court Leaves 230 Alone For Now, But Justice Thomas Gives A Pretty Good Explanation For Why It Exists In The First PlaceMike Masnick — May 18, 2023
  478. 480magazineTwitter Agrees to Pay $809.5 Million Settlement in Shareholder Growth Lawsuit
  479. 481webTwitter will pay $150 million for using people's security phone numbers to target adsAdi Robertson — May 25, 2022
  480. 482webTwitter sued over short-notice layoffs as Elon Musk's takeover rocks companyNBC News — November 4, 2022
  481. 483webTwitter sued by workers over impending layoffs they say are illegalYahoo! Finance — November 4, 2022
  482. 484newsElon Musk's X sues Media Matters over antisemitism analysisNovember 21, 2023
  483. 485webMusk's X accuses advertisers of boycotting platform in new lawsuitMike Scarcella — August 6, 2024
  484. 486webAbout GARM – World Federation of AdvertisersApril 24, 2024
  485. 487newsTwitter ordered to pay record €550,000 to senior executive in IrelandSeán Mc Cárthaigh — August 13, 2024
  486. 488newsMusk's X Ordered to Pay Compensation to Dismissed Irish EmployeeOlivia Fletcher — August 13, 2024
  487. 489webElon Musk's X cleared to resume service in Brazil after it obeys court orders CNN Business2024-10-09
  488. 490conferenceProceedings of the Seventeenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social MediaDaniel Hickey et al. — Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence — June 2, 2023
  489. 491newsX ad boycott gathers pace amid antisemitism storm2023-11-18
  490. 492newsAntisemitic and Anti-Muslim Hate Speech Surges Across the InternetSheera Frenkel et al. — 2023-11-15
  491. 493webThe Twitter Standards of Hate
  492. 494webThe Twitter Standards of HateSeptember 2, 2024
  493. 495citationAuditing Political Exposure Bias: Algorithmic Amplification on Twitter/X Approaching the 2024 U.S. Presidential ElectionJinyi Ye et al. — 2024
  494. 496webElon Musk's AI chatbot, Grok, started calling itself 'MechaHitler'Lisa Hagen — 9 July 2025
  495. 497web'Improved' Grok criticizes Democrats and Hollywood's 'Jewish executives'Anthony Ha — TechCrunch — 6 July 2025
  496. 498newsSelfie at Oscars breaks retweet recordMarch 3, 2014
  497. 499newsBBCtrending: Selfie at Oscars breaks retweet recordBBC — March 3, 2014
  498. 500newsEllen DeGeneres' Selfie at Oscars Sets Retweet Record, Crashes TwitterMarch 3, 2014
  499. 501newsOscars 2014, the year of the selfie: Ellen tweet grabs retweet recordAmy Hubbard — March 2, 2014
  500. 502tweet@carterjwm 👆 It's official. Carter, your Tweet is the most Retweeted of all time. #NuggsForCarterMay 10, 2017
  501. 503webThe 20 Most-Retweeted TweetsJuly 30, 2020
  502. 504webBalse Festival: Japan "Castle in the Sky" airing breaks Twitter record for tweets per secondWill Oremus — August 19, 2013
  503. 505newsHow an Old Japanese Anime Broke a Twitter RecordBrian Ashcraft
  504. 506webFans in the Philippines & around the world sent 41M Tweets mentioning #ALDubEBTamangPanahonOctober 27, 2015
  505. 507news'AlDub' breaks FIFA World Cup's Twitter recordArvin Mendoza — October 25, 2015
  506. 508newsBBCtrending: Brazil's World Cup thrashing breaks Twitter recordsAnne-Marie Tomchak — BBC — July 9, 2014
  507. 509newsFastest time to reach one million followers on TwitterApril 12, 2014
  508. 510webCaitlyn Jenner smashes Twitter world record, reaching a million followersHannah Jane Parkinson — June 2, 2015
  509. 511webTwitter Passed 500M Users In June 2012, 140M Of Them In US; Jakarta 'Biggest Tweeting' CityJuly 30, 2012