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Curated category

1st century BC in the Roman Republic

  • Donations of AlexandriaAutumn 34 BC marked the end of Mark Antony's disastrous campaign against Parthia. He had tried to play up his military success against Armenia while…
  • Constitutional reforms of AugustusIn 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian the honorific name Augustus. This moment marked a turning point in Roman history when he returned all his powers…
  • Bellum SiculumOn the 15th of March 44 BC, Julius Caesar lay dead on the floor of the Senate House. His assassination triggered a chain reaction that placed Sextus Pompey's…
  • Roman–Gallic warsIn the year 390 BC, a Gallic army led by Brennus marched on the city of Rome. The Senones tribe had entered Italy from the north and plundered territory in…
  • First TriumvirateIn 60 BC, three of Rome's most powerful men stood at a political impasse. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus had returned from the Third Mithridatic War two years…
  • Sulla's civil warIn the spring of 83 BC, Sulla landed his army in two divisions at Brundisium and Tarentum. This military landing marked the beginning of a brutal civil war…
  • Assassination of Julius CaesarIn March 45 BC, a senatorial delegation marched to the Temple of Venus Genetrix to present honors upon Julius Caesar. He refused to stand and joked that his…
  • Gallic WarsThe Gallic Wars were fought between 58 and 50 BC, and the man at their center claimed to have killed over a million Gauls while losing almost none of his own.
  • Battle of ActiumIn 37 BC, the Second Triumvirate renewed its alliance at Tarentum for five years. The partnership collapsed when Octavian viewed Caesarion as a threat to his…
  • War of ActiumIn 42 BC, the Battle of Philippi ended with the defeat of Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. This victory allowed Octavian, Antony, and Marcus…
  • Cantabrian WarsCantabrian mercenaries appeared in the army of Hannibal during the Second Punic War. Roman historians recorded their presence alongside the Vaccaei in 151 BC.
  • Crisis of the Roman RepublicAfter the Second Punic War, a great increase in income inequality swept through Rome. Landed peasants drafted to serve in increasingly long campaigns saw…
  • Second TriumvirateOn the 27th of November 43 BC, a law known as the lex Titia transformed three men into rulers with absolute authority. Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian…
  • Battle of CarrhaeMarcus Licinius Crassus, Pompeius Magnus, and Julius Caesar met in Ravenna during March 56 BC to reaffirm their political alliance.
  • Catilinarian conspiracyLucius Sergius Catilina stood for the consulship three times by 63 BC and was rejected every time. Only after his defeat at the consular comitia in 63 did he…
  • Sulla's proscriptionLucius Cornelius Sulla published two lists containing 520 names on the forum in November 82 BC. These white planks displayed the names of senators and…