Annie Lennox
Annie Lennox stepped into the 1983 music video for "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" with cropped orange hair, a man's lounge suit and a cane. The video made her a household name. The BBC later wrote, "all eyes were on Annie Lennox, the singer whose powerful androgynous look defied the male gaze".
She is a Scottish singer-songwriter, political activist and philanthropist, born in 1954. By June 2008, counting her work with Eurythmics, she had sold over 80 million records worldwide. In June 2013 the Official Charts Company called her the most successful female British artist in UK music history.
Where did that striking image come from? Why did she step away from a hugely successful duo, and what did she do with her fame afterwards?
Torry, a district of Aberdeen, is where Annie Lennox was born on the 25th of December 1954. Her parents were Dorothy Farquharson, born Ferguson, and Thomas Allison Lennox. Both died of cancer, Thomas in 1986 and Dorothy in 2003.
In September 2012, series 9 of the BBC programme Who Do You Think You Are? sent Lennox into her family history. She learned that her great-great-grandmother Jessie Fraser had worked at the Broadford Flax Mill in Aberdeen. Her maternal grandmother, Dora Paton, was a dairy maid at the Balmoral Royal Estate. Her maternal grandfather, William Ferguson, was a gamekeeper on the same estate.
At Aberdeen High School for Girls, which later became Harlaw Academy, her parents encouraged her artistic side. She excelled at music, poetry and artwork, and she learned the flute and the piano. She sang in the choir, played in symphony orchestras and military bands, and took part in the Aberdeen Music Festival every year.
Dalcroze eurhythmics classes were also part of her school years. The method was developed by the Swiss composer Emile Jaques-Dalcroze. Its English spelling comes from Greek and means "good flow", and her future band chose the French spelling instead. She would return to the method as a student in London, attending a Dalcroze spring course in 1974.
In 1971, Lennox began a three-year Music Performance degree at the Royal Academy of Music in London. It is one of a small number of elite British conservatories devoted mainly to classical study. She studied flute, piano and harpsichord for nearly three years but never finished the course.
The amount of practice needed to become a professional classical musician struck her as obsessive. She also felt unconnected with the "whole cultural aspect" of the place. A student grant paid her way, topped up by part-time jobs, and she doubted her talent beside her classmates while she weighed what else she might do.
Her flute teacher's final report read, "Ann has not always been sure of where to direct her efforts, though lately she has been more committed. She is very, very able, however." Two years later Lennox told the academy, "I have had to work as a waitress, barmaid and shop assistant to keep me when not in musical work." During her course she also played and sang with a few bands, Windsong among them.
In 2017 the academy awarded her an honorary Doctorate. In her acceptance speech she said she felt she had no right to be there, and she turned to a line from John Lennon, "Life is what happens to you while you're making other plans."
In 1976, Lennox played flute in a band called Dragon's Playground, leaving before it appeared on the ITV talent show New Faces. From 1977 to 1980 she was lead singer of the Tourists, a British pop band. There she first worked with Dave Stewart, and the two were also a couple for three years in the late 1970s.
Their second collaboration, the synth-pop duo Eurythmics, brought her greatest fame as an alto, soul-tinged lead singer. "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" reached number one in the US and number two in the UK. "There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)" went to number one in the UK, and "Would I Lie to You?" topped the chart in Australia. Other hits included "Love Is a Stranger", "Here Comes the Rain Again" and "Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves". More followed, among them "Who's That Girl?", "Thorn in My Side" and "Don't Ask Me Why".
The honours came quickly. The duo won the MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist in 1984. "Missionary Man" earned the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group. In 1999 they received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music.
In 1988 Lennox recorded "Put a Little Love in Your Heart" with Al Green for the soundtrack of the film Scrooged. Stewart produced it, but it was credited to Lennox and Green. It peaked at number 9 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 6 in Australia, and reached the UK top 40.
Eurythmics never officially disbanded, yet Lennox made a fairly clear break from Stewart in 1990. In 1998 the death of Peet Coombes, a former Tourists member and mutual friend, brought them together again. They played together for the first time in eight years at a record company party, then began writing together for the first time since 1989. The result was Peace, released in 1999, the band's first album of new material in ten years. A concert on the Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior II promoted it, and the lead single "I Saved the World Today" reached number eleven in the UK.
In 2005 the pair wrote two new songs for the compilation Ultimate Collection. One of them, "I've Got a Life", reached number fourteen in the UK and topped the US dance chart. That same year Eurythmics entered the UK Music Hall of Fame. On the 9th of December 2019 they played "Would I Lie to You?", "Here Comes the Rain Again" and "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" at Sting's benefit concert at New York's Beacon Theatre. They entered the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2020. In 2022 they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles, introduced by U2's the Edge.
In December 1983, Lennox and Culture Club singer Boy George shared the cover of the British magazine Smash Hits. Boy George was also known for an overtly androgynous appearance. The American magazine Newsweek followed with its issue of the 23rd of January 1984, putting the pair on its cover with a caption declaring that Britain was rocking America again. The issue marked what it called the Second British Invasion.
At the 1984 Grammy Awards, Lennox impersonated Elvis Presley. Her gender-bending image also ran through the Eurythmics videos for "Love Is a Stranger" and "Who's That Girl?".
The Advocate called her a longtime gay icon, pointing to her distinctive voice and provocative stage persona. Her long support of LGBT rights helped her build a significant following in the LGBTQ+ community.
Across Eurythmics and her solo career, Lennox has made over 60 promotional music videos. Sophie Muller directed the video albums for Eurythmics' 1987 album Savage and for Lennox's 1992 solo album Diva. The video for "Walking on Broken Glass" was set in the Rococo period, with the actors Hugh Laurie and John Malkovich in period costume. The video for "Little Bird" puts Lennox on stage with male and female lookalikes of her earlier personas. They stand in for her looks from "Why", "Walking on Broken Glass", "Sweet Dreams" and "Beethoven (I Love To Listen To)". Others recall "I Need a Man", "Thorn in My Side" and "There Must Be an Angel".
The video for "Missionary Man" took a different route, using stop-animation techniques. It received five nominations at the 1987 MTV Video Music Awards.
Stephen Lipson, a former protege of the producer Trevor Horn, began working with Lennox on her 1992 solo debut, Diva. In a BBC interview before its release, she said she had considered other things she might do. In the end, she said, "it all comes back to writing songs", which "affirms who I am".
She told the BBC she did "not miss Dave" while making the record, because the two had "spent so much time together it became frayed". She added that she wished Stewart well.
Diva went to number one in the UK, number seven in Australia, number six in Germany and number 23 in the US, where it went double platinum. UK sales passed 1.2 million copies, earning quadruple platinum status, and US sales passed 2.7 million. Q magazine placed it among the 50 best albums of 1992, and Rolling Stone described it as "state-of-the-art soul pop". At the 1993 Brit Awards it won Best British Album.
The singles from Diva included "Why" and "Walking on Broken Glass". "Why" won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video in 1992. "Love Song for a Vampire", written for Francis Ford Coppola's 1992 film Bram Stoker's Dracula, was paired with "Little Bird" as a double A-side. The B-side of her single "Precious", a self-penned song called "Step by Step", later became a hit for Whitney Houston on the soundtrack of The Preacher's Wife. That year at London's Wembley Stadium, she also sang "Under Pressure" with David Bowie and the surviving members of Queen.
Medusa, released in March 1995, consisted entirely of cover versions of songs first recorded by male artists, among them Bob Marley, The Clash and Neil Young. Her profile had dipped for a time because she wanted to raise her two children away from the media's glare, but she kept recording. Medusa entered the UK chart at number one, peaked at number five in Australia and number 11 in the US, and spent 60 weeks on the Billboard 200. It sold over 2 million copies in the US and went double platinum in both the UK and the US.
Four UK singles came from it: "No More 'I Love You's", "A Whiter Shade of Pale", "Waiting in Vain" and "Something So Right". The first entered the UK chart at number two, her highest solo peak. At the Grammy Awards of 1996, the album lost Best Pop Vocal Album to Joni Mitchell's Turbulent Indigo. But "No More 'I Love You's" won Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
Lennox declined to tour for Medusa, but she gave a large one-off concert in New York's Central Park, which was filmed and released on home video. In 1995 she also provided an extensive wordless solo vocal for the score of the film Apollo 13.
Simon Fuller has managed her since the start of her solo career. He later said she played an important but unheralded role in the success of the Spice Girls. She encouraged the group to "ham up" their characters, he said, which helped them top the charts around the world.
Bare, her third solo album, arrived in 2003. It peaked at number 3 in the UK, number 10 in Australia and number 4 in the US, her highest-charting album there. Her first solo tour, simply titled Solo Tour, began before the album came out and covered the US and Europe, with only a two-night stop at Sadler's Wells Theatre in London. The album was certified Gold in both the UK and the US and was nominated for Best Pop Album at the 46th Grammy Awards.
In 2004, Lennox won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Into the West", from The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. She co-wrote it with the screenwriter Fran Walsh and the composer Howard Shore, and she sang it live at the 76th Academy Awards. The song also won a Grammy and a Golden Globe. She had earlier recorded "Use Well the Days" for the film, with lyrics that quote Tolkien. In mid-2004 she toured North America with Sting. In August 2005 she sang "Hush, Hush, Hush" on Herbie Hancock's album Possibilities.
Songs of Mass Destruction, released on the 1st of October 2007, was recorded in Los Angeles with the producer Glen Ballard, known for Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill. It ended her long association with Lipson. The album peaked at number 7 in the UK and number 9 in the US, and it was the last studio album of her BMG contract. Lennox called it "a dark album, but the world is a dark place. It's fraught, it's turbulent." The first single, "Dark Road", came out on the 24th of September 2007, and a North American tour called Annie Lennox Sings ran through October and November.
A trip to South Africa in December 2007 turned into a public dispute. Lennox went to Johannesburg for the 46664 campaign, and she said the label's regional office ignored her calls and e-mails for three weeks. She also said it had failed to promote the Sing project as planned. Back in the UK she met Ged Docherty, head of Sony BMG UK, who was "mortified". Her blogging about the problem inflamed the story, and press reports claimed she had been "dropped". Sony BMG said its contract with her had simply been fulfilled, and the Daily Mirror printed a retraction.
The compilation The Annie Lennox Collection closed out the contract. Its release was pushed back so that she could recover from a back injury, and it reached the US on the 17th of February 2009 and the UK on the 9th of March 2009. It added two new songs: a cover of Ash's "Shining Light" and a cover of a Keane song, retitled "Pattern of My Life". It entered the UK chart at number 2.
In August 2010 she signed with Island Records in the UK and Decca Records in the US, both part of the Universal Music Group. Her first release for them, A Christmas Cornucopia, came out on the 15th of November 2010. It gathered her interpretations of traditional songs such as "Silent Night" and "The First Noel", plus one new composition, "Universal Child". Metacritic summed up its reviews as generally favourable.
Nostalgia, her sixth solo album, followed in October 2014. It collected soul, jazz and blues songs she had loved as a child. It reached the top 10 in both the UK and the US, topped the US Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart and earned a Grammy nomination for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album. The lead single was "I Put a Spell on You". On the 28th of January 2015 she gave a live concert at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, which aired on PBS that April.
In May 2019 Lennox released Lepidoptera, an EP of four extemporised piano songs. It accompanied her art installation "Now I Let You Go..." at MASS moca, and it was her first independently distributed record. In March 2025 she gave her first live performance in six years at the Royal Albert Hall, a show called Sisters: Annie Lennox and Friends. Staged for International Women's Day, it brought on Rioghnach Connolly, Celeste and Nadine Shah.
Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday concert in 1988 is where Lennox appeared on stage before starting her activist work with the Sing Foundation. In 1990 she recorded Cole Porter's "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye" for Red Hot + Blue, a tribute album that raised money for AIDS awareness. She has supported Amnesty International and Greenpeace for many years. She and Dave Stewart gave all profits from the 1999 Peacetour to the two charities.
Amnesty campaigns she backed included the release of the Tibetan prisoners Palden Gyatso and Ngawang Choephel. She also supports the Burma Campaign UK. In 2003 she signed the "No war on Iraq" campaign, and both Songs of Mass Destruction and her version of "Dark Road" were deeply critical of the war. In a 2006 conversation with Melvyn Bragg, she voiced anger at how the UK had been misled over Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction.
A serious throat infection forced her out of Live Aid at Wembley Stadium in 1985. She made up for it at Live 8 in Hyde Park in 2005. In 2006 she became patron of the Master's Course in Humanitarian and Development Practice at Oxford Brookes University. That October she spoke at the British House of Commons about the need for children in the UK to help their counterparts in Africa.
The song "Sing" grew out of her work with Mandela's 46664 campaign and the Treatment Action Campaign, two groups seeking education and health care for people affected by HIV. She recorded it with 23 prominent female artists, among them Madonna, Celine Dion, Dido, Shakira and Pink. The money raised went to the Treatment Action Campaign. The Generics, a vocal group of its activists, had inspired the project with a CD of their music. In December 2007 she established the SING Campaign, which raises funds and awareness for women and children affected by HIV and AIDS. In 2008 she founded The Circle of Women, a private charity that networks and raises money for women's projects around the world.
On the 11th of December 2007 she performed at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, broadcast to over 100 countries. She led a rally against the Gaza War in London on the 3rd of January 2009. When she opened the 2009 Edinburgh Festival of Politics, she said the Pope's denunciation of condoms in Africa had caused "tremendous harm". She wore a T-shirt reading "HIV positive" during that address and again at several later appearances, including the 25th anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame concert at Madison Square Garden on the 30th of October 2009.
The World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates gave her its Peace Summit Award in November 2009 for her work against HIV in South Africa. In June 2010 she was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for AIDS. She received an OBE from Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace on the 28th of June 2011, after the honour was confirmed in the New Years Honours List. Its citation praised her "tireless charity campaigns and championing of humanitarian causes".
Music awards piled up alongside the causes. She has won eight Brit Awards, including Best British Female Artist a record six times, and four of those came during her Eurythmics years. She has also collected four Grammy Awards and an MTV Video Music Award, and in 2002 she received the Billboard Century Award. At the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, she sang "Little Bird". In 2015 the Ivors Academy made her a fellow, the first woman to receive the honour. Adele, Taylor Swift, Nelly Furtado and Melanie C are among the artists who have cited her as an influence.
From the 15th of September 2011 to the 26th of February 2012, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London showed The House of Annie Lennox. It displayed costumes, photographs, awards and personal belongings from her whole career. An expanded version moved to The Lowry in Salford and then to Aberdeen. In 2017 she became the first female chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian University, a building there was renamed the Annie Lennox Building, and her term ended in mid-2024. In 2023 she became patron of Dalcroze UK, a charity that promotes the method behind her band's name.
In January 2025, during the California wildfires, she volunteered with the Los Angeles charity Project Angel Food to deliver meals. Two months later she criticised proposed UK cuts to foreign aid, saying that "it benefits us to invest".
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Common questions
Who is Annie Lennox?
Annie Lennox is a Scottish singer-songwriter, political activist and philanthropist, born in Torry, Aberdeen on the 25th of December 1954. She became internationally famous in the 1980s as lead singer of Eurythmics with Dave Stewart.
When did Annie Lennox start her solo career?
Annie Lennox began her solo career in 1992 with the album Diva, after making a fairly clear break from Dave Stewart in 1990. Diva reached number one in the UK and produced the singles "Why" and "Walking on Broken Glass".
Did Annie Lennox win an Oscar?
Yes, Annie Lennox won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2004 for "Into the West". She co-wrote it with Fran Walsh and Howard Shore for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, and it also won a Grammy and a Golden Globe.
Why is Annie Lennox's band called Eurythmics?
The name comes from Dalcroze eurhythmics, a music education method Annie Lennox encountered at high school in Aberdeen. The word comes from Greek and means "good flow", and the band adopted the French spelling.
What charity work has Annie Lennox done?
Annie Lennox founded the SING Campaign in December 2007 to raise funds and awareness for women and children affected by HIV and AIDS. She also founded The Circle of Women in 2008 and was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for AIDS in June 2010.
How many records has Annie Lennox sold?
By June 2008, including her work with Eurythmics, Annie Lennox had sold over 80 million records worldwide. In June 2013 the Official Charts Company called her the most successful female British artist in UK music history.
When were Annie Lennox and Eurythmics inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?
Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2022 as Eurythmics. They were inducted by U2's the Edge and performed at the ceremony at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles.
All sources
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- 65NewsOlympic Closing Ceremony London 2012: reviewBernadette McNulty — 12 August 2012
- 66New Album – NOSTALGIA – Coming SoonAnnie Lennox — 15 August 2014
- 67Annie Lennox to release new album 'Nostalgia'Young Tan — So So Gay — 15 August 2014
- 68Annie Lennox Previews New Covers LP 'Nostalgia' At Hollywood Forever Cemetery in LAWass, Mike — 13 August 2014
- 69Tony Blackburn picks the Tracks of My YearsBBC Radio 2 — 15 September 2014
- 72Eurythmics reunite and perform together for the first time in five years11 December 2019
- 73MagazineEurythmics Reunite for Rare Performance at Rock Hall of Fame Induction CeremonyJon Blistein et al. — 6 November 2022
- 74MagazineElton John and Bernie Taupin's Gershwin Prize Ceremony: See Metallica and Annie Lennox Honor DuoKory Grow — 21 March 2024
- 77Scottish music legend volunteers to help with LA fire relief effortsAdam Robertson — 14 January 2025
- 78Annie Lennox's first live gig in six years – reviewed!Lucy O'Brien — 7 March 2025
- 79Annie Lennox says UK will be hit by cuts to foreign aidCharlotte McLaughlin — 5 March 2025
- 80TV Recap: Michael Chooses a Side in "Good American Family" Episode 4Alex Reif — 2 April 2025
- 81NewsNelson Mandela memorial guest listNatasha Clark — 10 December 2013
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- 86NewsPerformers unite for peace14 February 2003
- 89Nobel Peace Prize Concert 2007Nobel Peace Prize
- 90NewsNelson Mandela birthday tribute concerts: how they helped change the worldRupert Hawksley — 6 December 2013
- 91Annie Lennox Protests Carnage in GazaTim Saunders — 5 January 2009
- 92NewsWealthy Women Blurring the Line Between Donors and ActivistsKatrin Bennhold — 28 June 2012
- 93NewsSweet Dreams for SNP as Annie backs independence26 June 2008
- 97Lennox appointed UN ambassador in fight against AIDSChris Watt — 3 June 2010
- 98NewsAnnie Lennox on How to 'Catch' Creative IdeasEmma Green — 28 August 2013
- 99Annie Lennox and Faithless on the crisis in BurmaOctober 2007
- 101NewsSweet dreams for Annie Lennox in queen's honors listCNN — 31 December 2010
- 104Annie Lennox calls for Gaza ceasefire at GrammysJudy Kurtz — 4 February 2024
- 106Annie Lennox on being mistaken for a lesbian30 October 2014
- 107NewsAnnie Lennox to Host Logo's Music Show13 October 2007
- 110BookSigned, Sealed, and Delivered: True Life Stories of Women in PopSue Steward — South End Press — 1984
- 111NewsBoy George, The Man
- 112Simon Reynolds, Rip It Up and Start Again Postpunk 1978–1984, pp. 340, 342–3.
- 113Past exhibitions & displays 2011Victoria and Albert Museum — 9 November 2012
- 119(VHS) Totally Diva. Sony BMG.
- 121NewsAnnie Lennox – Little Bird (1993)British Film Institute
- 122Soundtrack of My Life: Sophie Ellis Bextor11 December 2020
- 123'Anything That Connects': A Conversation With Taylor SwiftMelissa Block — NPR — 31 October 2014
- 124Interview: Darren Hayes28 June 2011
- 127Exclusive: Brit nominee Jessie shows us her Wares11 January 2013
- 128Songs in the key of C21 February 2003
- 131NewsAnnie Lennox: Son's death changed my lifeChris Hastings — 10 May 2008
- 133Interview – Annie Lennox and Mitch BesserJanuary 2013
- 135Annie Lennox Marries Dr. Mitch Besser : People.com15 March 2016
- 137NewsJews in the News: Harrison Ford, Dr. Richard Besser and Ellen BarkinNate Bloom — 24 April 2015
- 138NewsAnnie Lennox on the Secret History of Christmas SongsAnnie Lennox — 18 December 2010
- 139NewsAnnie Lennox Says Twerking Has Nothing to Do with FeminismMarissa G. Muller — 21 October 2014
- 142Annie Lennox on ADHD diagnosis at 70 and choosing not to take medicationEkin Karasin — 20 October 2025
- 147NewsSweet Dreams for SNP as Annie backs independenceHamish Macdonell — 27 June 2008
- 148Annie Lennox InterviewBritish Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors
- 150BookAnnie Lennox: The BiographyBryony Sutherland et al. — Omnibus Press — 2002
- 152NewsEurythmics
- 154Inductees Announced4 May 2022
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- 156Sutherland, Ellis (2002) p. 209–217Sutherland, Ellis — 2002