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Warfare by type

  • Special forcesSpecial forces are military units built for missions that conventional armies cannot, or will not, undertake. The NATO definition is precise: these are…
  • Biological warfareBiological warfare is as old as the written record. Hittite texts from somewhere between 1500 and 1200 BC describe victims of a plague being driven…
  • Attrition warfareAttrition warfare is built on a single, brutal idea: you do not defeat your enemy in one blow. You grind them down, loss by loss, until they have nothing…
  • Land warfareLand warfare is the oldest and most widespread form of organized human violence, fought across every terrain the planet offers, from arctic tundra to desert…
  • Chemical warfareChemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological…
  • CounterinsurgencyCounterinsurgency is described as the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces. The Oxford English Dictionary frames it more narrowly, as any…
  • Trench warfareTrench warfare turned the ground itself into a weapon. A defender crouched in a ditch, shielded from small arms and substantially sheltered from artillery…
  • Anti-aircraft warfareOn the 30th of September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army watched three enemy aircraft approach the city of Kragujevac. Soldiers fired at them with shotguns…
  • Anti-tank warfareThe first tanks appeared on the Western Front in September 1916, catching German troops by surprise. This new machine was designed to break through trench…
  • Cold war (term)The term "cold war" names a condition most people recognize instantly: two powers locked in hostility, trading threats, money, and spies, but never quite…
  • BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg lit up the front pages of Western newspapers in September 1939, when journalists scrambling to describe the German assault on Poland landed on a…
  • Submarine warfareOn the 8th of September 1776, a small wooden vessel named the Turtle attempted to attach an explosive charge to the hull of HMS Eagle.