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Napoleonic Wars

  • Malet coup of 1812Claude François de Malet was born in 1754. He distinguished himself in the French Revolutionary Wars and slowly became disenchanted with Napoleon Bonaparte.
  • War of the Third CoalitionIn March 1802, hostilities between France and the Allies came to an end. However it was clear to the leading European politicians that the peace treaties of…
  • War of the Second CoalitionOn the 11th of June 1798, General Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers directed a landing of several thousand French troops at strategic locations around the island of…
  • War of the Fourth CoalitionOn the 9th of October 1806, Prussia declared war on France and joined a renewed coalition. This decision followed months of diplomatic breakdown and the…
  • War of the Fifth CoalitionIn early 1809, the Austrian Empire stood alone in Central Europe. Emperor Francis I faced a French Empire led by Napoleon Bonaparte that controlled most of…
  • Frankfurt proposalsAustrian foreign minister Klemens von Metternich designed the peace proposal in November 1813. The document emerged after Napoleon suffered a decisive defeat…
  • Continental SystemNapoleon issued the Berlin Decree on the 21st of November 1806. This document forbade all import of British goods into European countries allied with France.
  • Napoleonic WarsBritain declared war on France on the 18th of May 1803, ending a brief period of peace that had lasted since the Treaty of Amiens.
  • Hundred DaysOn the 1st of March 1815, a tiny fleet slipped away from Portoferraio. The brig Inconstant carried some 1,000 men toward the French coast.
  • Peninsular WarIn July 1807, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte issued orders to his Foreign Minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord demanding Portugal declare war on…
  • War of the Sixth CoalitionIn June 1812, Napoleon crossed the Neman river with an army of 650,000 men. Roughly half were French soldiers, while the rest came from allied or subject…
  • Napoleonic tacticsIn 1792, the French Army began a radical transformation of its battlefield principles. Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval and Jean-Pierre du Teil developed…
  • Finnish WarOn the 24th of September 1807, Russian Emperor Alexander I sent a letter to Swedish King Gustav IV Adolf. The letter demanded that Sweden cut off trade with…