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— CH. 1 · PINWHEEL ROOF MECHANICS —

Mercedes-Benz Stadium

~5 min read · Ch. 1 of 6
6 sections
  • The stadium's signature feature is its retractable roof, which features a pinwheel consisting of eight translucent triangular panels. Each of the eight panels operates on two straight parallel rails. One rail moves the panel while the other stabilizes it. Closing the roof takes slightly less time than opening it because the system must disengage seals at the start and slow down to prevent derailment. When opened, the panels create an illusion of bird wings extended. Architect Bill Johnson explained that the circular opening was inspired by the Roman Pantheon. The roof uses clear lightweight polymer material that adjusts opacity to control light. Much of the exterior is clear polymer or glass to allow views to the outside. The middle concourse and upper bowl were eliminated in the east end zone for unobstructed skyline views.

  • In May 2010 news outlets reported Atlanta Falcons interest in replacing the Georgia Dome with a new open-air stadium. Kansas City-based firm Populous released comprehensive plans in February 2011 with an initial cost estimate of US$700 million. By April 2012 the price estimate rose to US$947.7 million. On the 7th of March 2013 the Falcons and city agreed to build the downtown stadium. Public contribution reached US$200 million from hotel-motel taxes. Groundbreaking occurred on the 19th of May 2014 after legal issues delayed the process. The projected opening date shifted three times due to roof complexity. Originally scheduled for the 1st of March 2017 it moved to June 1 then July 30 before settling on the 26th of August 2017. Steve Cannon CEO of AMB Group stated preseason schedules would remain unaffected while three Atlanta United FC matches faced changes. The Georgia Dome demolition resumed on the 20th of November 2017 after the new stadium received its certificate of occupancy.

  • In December 2014 the Georgia World Congress Center board approved raising total costs to US$1.2 billion. Initial estimates had been US$1 billion rising to US$1.2 billion by October 2013. The city contributed US$200 million in bonds while state funding added US$40 million for parking expansion. Total public spending exceeded US$700 million. In January 2015 the Falcons announced personal seat licenses costing up to US$45,000 per seat. Revenue from these sales totaled $273 million. On the 21st of August 2015 Mercedes-Benz acquired naming rights confirmed at a press conference on August 24. Then-Mercedes-Benz USA CEO Steve Cannon called it the largest marketing deal in company history though he declined full value disclosure. Sports Business Daily reported the contract valued at US$324 million spanning 27 years. Total sponsorship sales reached $900 million. Operating profits go to AMB Group rather than the state. AMB Group pays no property tax on the facility.

  • Several reports of roof leaks during the inaugural season caused design team concerns. During the College Football National Championship Game in January 2018 media outlets reported significant water appearing near the 25-yard line. Bill Hancock Executive Director said officials were aware but believed play remained unaffected. Stadium officials clarified after October 2017 that issues involved few drops falling from isolated parts due to incomplete mechanization. The roof was required to be mechanically opened which proved time-consuming. It opened only twice in its first year: once for a Sunday Night Football game against Green Bay Packers on the 17th of September 2017 and again for an MLS match against Toronto FC on the 22nd of October 2017. On the 29th of May 2018 the roof opened for construction purposes over ten days regardless of weather. Work completed the 14th of July 2018 allowing final commissioning. On the 25th of July 2018 the roof opened and closed as intended taking eight minutes each way. Overcrowding complaints led to plans adding more doors to ingress and egress areas. Fans attending the 2018 national championship reported wait times exceeding 45 minutes exiting due to Secret Service security measures.

  • On the 19th of May 2015 Mercedes-Benz Stadium won rights to host Super Bowl LIII in 2019 marking Atlanta's first hosting since 2000. The stadium hosted the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship where Georgia Bulldogs lost to Alabama Crimson Tide in overtime. In 2025 Ohio State defeated Notre Dame at another national championship. On the 8th of December 2018 Atlanta United FC beat Portland Timbers 2-0 winning their first MLS Cup with 73,019 spectators setting a single-game attendance record. The venue hosted matches during the 2024 Copa América including group stage games on June 20 and the 27th of June 2024. Six matches occurred for the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup starting the 16th of June 2025. Eight matches will take place during the 2026 FIFA World Cup including five group stage games and one semifinal match. The stadium also hosts SEC Championship Games through 2027 and Peach Bowl events annually.

  • Garth Brooks headlined the first concert the 12th of October 2017 with Mitch Rossell as opening act. Taylor Swift performed two shows August 10 and 11 2018 generating $18,089,415 revenue across 116,746 attendees. Beyoncé's Renaissance World Tour on the 11th of August 2023 drew 156,317 fans earning $39,849,890 making it the highest-grossing boxscore report in stadium history. Ed Sheeran played three dates in May 2023 while The Rolling Stones appeared the 11th of November 2021 and again the 7th of April 2024. On the 31st of December 2019 Passion Conferences became the largest youth-centered Christian conference ever held in the US with over 50,000 students attending. Kanye West hosted listening parties for his album Donda inside the stadium living there for two weeks paying $1 million daily. Major League Wiffle Ball held their 2023 World Series at the venue marking the first time fans attended such an event.

Common questions

When did the Mercedes-Benz Stadium officially open to the public?

The Mercedes-Benz Stadium officially opened on the 26th of August 2017 after multiple schedule shifts caused by roof complexity. The venue received its certificate of occupancy before the Georgia Dome demolition resumed on the 20th of November 2017.

How much money did the city and state contribute to build the Mercedes-Benz Stadium?

Total public spending exceeded US$700 million with the city contributing US$200 million in bonds and state funding adding US$40 million for parking expansion. The final approved cost reached US$1.2 billion as reported by the Georgia World Congress Center board in December 2014.

What is the total value and duration of the naming rights deal for the Mercedes-Benz Stadium?

Sports Business Daily reported the contract valued at US$324 million spanning 27 years following confirmation from Mercedes-Benz USA CEO Steve Cannon on the 24th of August 2015. This agreement represents the largest marketing deal in company history though full value disclosure was declined.

Why does the Mercedes-Benz Stadium roof take longer to close than it takes to open?

Closing the roof takes slightly less time than opening it because the system must disengage seals at the start and slow down to prevent derailment. The eight translucent triangular panels operate on two straight parallel rails where one rail moves the panel while the other stabilizes it.

Which major sporting events has the Mercedes-Benz Stadium hosted since its opening?

The venue hosted matches during the 2024 Copa América including group stage games on June 20 and the 27th of June 2024 alongside six matches for the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup starting the 16th of June 2025. Eight matches will take place during the 2026 FIFA World Cup including five group stage games and one semifinal match.

All sources

125 references cited across the entry

  1. 1newsFalcons Set Ground-Breaking Ceremony for MondayTim Tucker — May 15, 2014
  2. 4webAtlanta Falcons' Stadium Concepts a Peek Into FutureDan Hanzus — National Football League — April 30, 2013
  3. 5press releaseAtlanta Falcons Move to Next Stages of Stadium Design ProjectAtlanta Falcons — June 18, 2013
  4. 7webMercedes-Benz StadiumDarden & Company, LLC
  5. 9newsAtlanta United hopes fan bring the noise to Mercedes-Benz StadiumDoug Roberson — The Atlanta Journal-Constitution — September 7, 2017
  6. 11webAtlanta United sets MLS Cup attendance recordDoug Roberson — December 9, 2018
  7. 13webAll 22 MLS stadiums for the 2017 seasonGabriel de los Rios et al. — Major League Soccer
  8. 19newsFalcons, Braves Stadium Designs AdvanceTim Tucker — June 21, 2014
  9. 21newsFalcons Hire Firm to Build NFL's Largest Video BoardTim Tucker — January 30, 2015
  10. 22webHow Atlanta became the capital of college footballIvan Maisel — January 3, 2018
  11. 26webFalcons, Braves stadium designs advanceTim Tucker — June 21, 2014
  12. 38newsFalcons Prefer New Open-Air Stadium, DowntownD. Orlando Ledbetter et al. — May 19, 2010
  13. 39newsFalcons Want Open Air Stadium North of GWCCJ. Scott Trubey et al. — May 19, 2010
  14. 41newsFalcons' Push for Open-Air Stadium Gets LiftLeon Stafford et al. — February 22, 2011
  15. 42newsNew Falcons Stadium Cost Could Exceed $1 billionLeon Stafford et al. — April 27, 2012
  16. 43newsNew Stadium Plan: Retractable Roof, Demolish DomeLeon Stafford et al. — April 25, 2012
  17. 45newsNeighbors of Potential New Stadium Seek VoiceLeon Stafford — May 26, 2012
  18. 46newsStadium Deal Could Be Done by End of YearLeon Stafford et al. — August 24, 2012
  19. 47newsReed: Work Around New Falcons Stadium Could Boost Cost to $1.2 BillionJeremiah McWilliams et al. — September 10, 2012
  20. 48newsGWCCA Approves Falcons Stadium BlueprintLeon Stafford — December 10, 2012
  21. 49newsFalcons Seek New Dome, Not Atlanta Fixer-UpperMike Tierney — December 15, 2012
  22. 50newsMayor Reed confident Atlanta will get new stadiumJeremiah McWilliams — January 10, 2013
  23. 51newsAtlanta council clears stadium planErnie Suggs et al. — March 19, 2013
  24. 52newsFalcons get $200 million NFL loan for stadiumBarry Wilner — May 21, 2013
  25. 53newsFalcons have initial approval to go forward with futuristic stadium designDoug Farrar — Yahoo! Sports — June 18, 2013
  26. 55newsBlank: Falcons Stadium Groundbreaking Week of March 31Carla Caldwell — October 14, 2013
  27. 56webBlank: Falcons Stadium Groundbreaking Week of March 31Atlanta Falcons — October 16, 2013
  28. 60webFalcons' stadium roof will be closed for home opener vs. PackersVaughn McClure — ESPN — July 26, 2017
  29. 64newsMercedes-Benz Stadium will add more exit doorsEndPlay — January 30, 2018
  30. 65webDowntown's Northside Drive pedestrian bridge project cost surpasses $33MSean Keenan — Vox Media — July 24, 2019
  31. 67webReport: Downtown pedestrian bridge shows city not built to foster equalitySean Keenan — Vox Media — August 12, 2019
  32. 69newsMercedes-Benz Stadium turf will be replacedTim Tucker — February 7, 2019
  33. 77newsAtlanta Falcons stadium's Cost Will 'rise up' to $1.4 BillionMaria Saporta et al. — December 2, 2014
  34. 81newsDefaults on Falcons' PSLs reach $30 million, records showThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution Tim Tucker
  35. 83webCannon Named CEO of AMB GroupAtlanta Falcons
  36. 85newsNaming-rights market finds more takersTerry Lefton — February 22, 2016
  37. 86newsLEADOFF: Falcons sell $900M in stadium sponsorships, report saysThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution Tim Tucker
  38. 88newsMercedes-Benz Stadium to host AFC title game if Bills, Chiefs playD. Orlando Ledbetter — 12 January 2023
  39. 90newsNCAA tournaments are on _ for now _ but mostly without fansRalph Russo — Associated Press — 11 March 2020
  40. 92webDivision I Men's Basketball Committee selects Atlanta to host 2031 Men's Final FourNational Collegiate Athletic Association — August 29, 2024
  41. 101newsGHSA moves football finals to Georgia StateTodd Holcomb — May 7, 2019
  42. 125newsWhy the Falcons play a train horn at Mercedes-Benz StadiumScott Carasik — September 19, 2017
  43. 126newsMercedes-Benz Stadium's Train Horn is AwesomeAdnan Ikic — FanSided — September 22, 2017