Manchester United F.C.
Manchester United began as a works team at a railway depot. In 1878 the Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, based at Newton Heath, formed a side to play other departments and railway companies. The team's first recorded match came on the 20th of November 1880. It ended in a 6-0 defeat by the reserve team of Bolton Wanderers.
By 2024 that same club was the second most valuable football club in the world, worth £6.55 billion. Between those two points lie a winding-up order, a plane crash, a long run of league titles, and a takeover paid for with borrowed money.
How does a railway side survive all of that and keep winning? What did the winning cost, and who pays for it now?
In January 1902 Newton Heath owed £2,670 and was served with a winding-up order. Club captain Harry Stafford went looking for rescuers. He found four local businessmen, among them John Henry Davies, and each agreed to invest £500 in return for a direct hand in running the club. They changed the name, and on the 24th of April 1902 Manchester United was officially born.
That same year, bailiffs briefly closed the Bank Street ground. Stafford raised enough money to pay for the next away game, at Bristol City. He also found a temporary ground at Harpurhey for a reserves match against Padiham.
Ernest Mangnall took over managerial duties in 1903, and results followed. United finished second in the Second Division in 1906 and won promotion. In 1908 they won the First Division, the club's first league title. The next season opened with victory in the first ever Charity Shield and closed with the club's first FA Cup. A second league title arrived in 1911. In 1912 Mangnall left to join Manchester City.
Relegation in 1922 began a long slide. The club won promotion back in 1925, was relegated again in 1931, and became a yo-yo side. Davies died in October 1927, and the club's finances worsened until bankruptcy looked likely. In December 1931 James W. Gibson invested £2,000 and took control of the club.
The all-time low came in 1934, when United finished 20th in the Second Division under secretary-manager Scott Duncan and narrowly avoided the Third Division. Duncan won promotion two years later, but relegation followed in 1937 and he resigned that November. The last season before the Second World War, 1938-39, ended with a 14th-place finish in the First Division.
In October 1945, with football about to resume, the club appointed a manager named Matt Busby.
Matt Busby demanded an unprecedented level of control over team selection, transfers and training sessions. His teams finished second in the league in 1947-1948 and 1949, and won the FA Cup in 1948. In 1952 came the First Division title, the club's first league championship in 41 years. Back-to-back titles followed in 1956 and 1957.
The squad that won them had an average age of 22. The media called it the Busby Babes, a nod to Busby's faith in young players.
In 1957 United became the first English team to enter the European Cup. The Football League objected, having denied Chelsea the same chance the year before. On the way to the semi-final, which they lost to Real Madrid, United beat Belgian champions Anderlecht 10-0. It remains the club's biggest victory on record.
On the 6th of February 1958, the aircraft carrying the team home from a European Cup quarter-final win over Red Star Belgrade crashed. It was taking off after refuelling in Munich. The Munich air disaster claimed 23 lives, among them eight players: Geoff Bent, Roger Byrne, Eddie Colman, Duncan Edwards, Mark Jones, David Pegg, Tommy Taylor and Billy Whelan. Several more people were injured.
Assistant manager Jimmy Murphy took charge while Busby recovered. His makeshift side reached the FA Cup final and lost to Bolton Wanderers. UEFA invited United into the 1958-59 European Cup in recognition of the tragedy. The Football Association approved, but the Football League ruled that the club should not enter, since it had not qualified.
Busby rebuilt through the 1960s. He signed Denis Law and Paddy Crerand, who joined a new generation of youth players that included George Best. Together they won the FA Cup in 1963. Busby rested several key players for the league game before the final. That gave Dennis Walker his debut against Nottingham Forest on the 20th of May, making him the first Black player to represent United.
The league title came in 1965 and again in 1967. In 1968 United beat Benfica 4-1 to become the first English club to win the European Cup. Their side held three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best, later known as the United Trinity.
The triumph earned a 1968 Intercontinental Cup tie against Estudiantes of Argentina. Defeat in the first leg in Buenos Aires meant that a 1-1 draw at Old Trafford, three weeks later, was not enough.
Busby resigned in 1969. His successor was Wilf McGuinness, the reserve team coach and a former United player.
An eighth-place finish in 1969-70 and a poor start to 1970-71 brought Busby back temporarily, with McGuinness returning to the reserves. Frank O'Farrell was appointed in June 1971 and lasted less than 18 months. Tommy Docherty replaced him in December 1972. He saved United from relegation that season, only to see them go down in 1974, after Best, Law and Charlton had all left.
Docherty's side won promotion at the first attempt. It lost the 1976 FA Cup final to Southampton, then beat Liverpool 2-1 in the 1977 final. Docherty was dismissed soon afterwards, when his affair with the club physiotherapist's wife came to light.
Dave Sexton arrived in the summer of 1977 and signed Joe Jordan, Gordon McQueen, Gary Bailey and Ray Wilkins. The team won no trophies and lost the 1979 FA Cup final to Arsenal. Sexton was dismissed in 1981, even though his side had won its last seven games.
Ron Atkinson broke the British transfer record to sign Bryan Robson from West Bromwich Albion. United won the FA Cup in 1983 and 1985. In 1985-86 they won 13 and drew two of their first 15 matches, yet finished fourth. By November 1986 they were in danger of relegation, and Atkinson was dismissed.
Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the 6th of November 1986. United finished 11th that season, and were back in 11th place in 1988-89. Ferguson was reportedly close to dismissal until victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup final saved his job.
A first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup followed in 1991. That earned a first European Super Cup, won 1-0 at Old Trafford against European Cup holders Red Star Belgrade. In 1992 United beat Nottingham Forest 1-0 to win the League Cup for the first time. In 1993, the first season of the Premier League, they won their first league title since 1967. A year later came the club's first Double of league and FA Cup, and a repeat in 1995-96 made United the first English club to do it twice.
In 1998-99 United became the first team to win the Premier League, FA Cup and Champions League in one season. In the final against Bayern Munich they trailed 1-0 going into injury time. Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer scored late goals to win it, one of the greatest comebacks of all time. That summer Ferguson received a knighthood.
In November 1999 United beat Palmeiras 1-0 in Tokyo to win the Intercontinental Cup, the only British club ever to do so. The goal came after a goalkeeping error by Marcos, and Alex had a goal disallowed.
The 2000s brought more silverware. United won three league titles in a row from 1999-2000, then the 2003-04 FA Cup against Millwall, a record 11th. In Moscow in 2008 they beat Chelsea 6-5 on penalties in the Champions League final. Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance in that game, passing Bobby Charlton. In December 2008 they beat LDU Quito 1-0 to become the first British team to win the FIFA Club World Cup.
That summer Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million. United still won a record 19th league title on the 14th of May 2011, drawing 1-1 at Blackburn Rovers. A 3-0 home win against Aston Villa on the 22nd of April 2013 delivered the 20th.
Ferguson's tally between 1986 and 2013 reached 38 trophies, including 13 league titles, five FA Cups and two Champions League wins.
On the 8th of May 2013, Ferguson announced his retirement, to take effect at the end of the season. He stayed on as a director and club ambassador, and left as the most decorated manager in football history. The next day, United named Everton's David Moyes as his successor, on a six-year contract from the 1st of July.
Moyes was sacked on the 22nd of April 2014, ten months into the job. United had failed to defend their title and missed the Champions League for the first time since 1995-96. They also missed the Europa League, and so had no European football for the first time since 1990. Ryan Giggs served as interim player-manager. On the 19th of May 2014 Louis van Gaal was confirmed on a three-year deal, with Giggs as his assistant. Nine days later, Malcolm Glazer, patriarch of the family that owns the club, died.
Van Gaal won a 12th FA Cup, but a slump in the middle of his second season had prompted rumours of replacements. He was sacked two days after the final, with United fifth in the league. José Mourinho was appointed on the 27th of May 2016 and won the Community Shield, EFL Cup and Europa League in his first season. In January 2017 Wayne Rooney scored a stoppage-time equaliser against Stoke City for his 250th United goal, passing Sir Bobby Charlton as the club's top scorer.
United finished second in the next season, but 19 points behind Manchester City, and lost the FA Cup final 1-0 to Chelsea. On the 18th of December 2018, with United sixth and 19 points behind Liverpool, Mourinho was sacked after 144 games. Former striker Ole Gunnar Solskjaer took over as caretaker. After winning 14 of his first 19 matches, he was made permanent on the 28th of March 2019.
On the 18th of April 2021, United joined 11 other European clubs as founding members of the European Super League, a proposed 20-team rival to the Champions League. Supporters, other clubs, media partners, sponsors, players and the UK Government all pushed back, and United withdrew two days later. Executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward resigned. Protests against him and the Glazers led to a pitch invasion before a match against Liverpool on the 2nd of May 2021. It was the first Premier League game postponed because of supporter protests.
On the pitch, United had equalled their record Premier League win on the 2nd of February 2021, beating Southampton 9-0. The season ended with a penalty shoot-out defeat to Villarreal in the Europa League final, a fourth straight year without a trophy. Solskjaer left on the 20th of November 2021. Michael Carrick took charge for three games, then Ralf Rangnick served as interim manager.
Erik ten Hag was appointed on the 21st of April 2022. His United won the 2022-23 EFL Cup against Newcastle United, ending their longest trophy drought since the six years between 1977 and 1983. On the 5th of March 2023 they lost 7-0 at Anfield to Liverpool, a joint-heaviest defeat. In 2023-24 they finished eighth, their lowest placing since 1989-90, yet beat Manchester City 2-1 in the FA Cup final for a 13th win in the competition.
Ten Hag was sacked on the 28th of October 2024, with the club 14th and only four wins to its name. Ruben Amorim joined as head coach on the 11th of November 2024. United ended that season 15th, their worst league campaign since the relegation of 1973-74, and lost the Europa League final 1-0 to Tottenham Hotspur. On the 27th of August 2025, Grimsby Town knocked them out of the EFL Cup on penalties.
Amorim was relieved of his duties on the 5th of January 2026, after nearly 14 months. Darren Fletcher took over on an interim basis, followed by Carrick as head coach until the end of the season. United finished third, which earned a Champions League place. Carrick was then appointed permanently, until at least 2028.
The first ground was a field on North Road, beside the railway yard, with an original capacity of about 12,000. Club officials judged it inadequate for a team hoping to join the Football League. In 1891 Newton Heath spent its minimal reserves on two grandstands, each holding 1,000 people. The highest documented crowd, about 15,000, watched a First Division match against Sunderland on the 4th of March 1893.
In June 1893 the ground's owners, Manchester Deans and Canons, evicted the club. They felt it was inappropriate to charge an entry fee. Secretary A. H. Albut arranged the use of Bank Street, in Clayton. The first league match there was against Burnley on the 1st of September 1893. Before 10,000 spectators, Alf Farman scored a hat-trick, all of Newton Heath's goals in a 3-2 win. In October 1895 the club bought a 2,000-capacity stand from the rugby league club Broughton Rangers.
After the 1902 rescue, John Henry Davies paid £500 for a new 1,000-seat stand. Within four years the ground had cover on all four sides and room for about 50,000.
In February 1909, six weeks before the first FA Cup win, Old Trafford was named as the club's future home. The land cost around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch had a budget of £30,000. His plans called for 100,000 seats, but the money forced a revision to 77,000. The record crowd was 76,962 on the 25th of March 1939, for an FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town.
Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium. Only the central tunnel of the South Stand survived. The War Damage Commission paid £22,278. Meanwhile United played home games at Manchester City's Maine Road, at a cost of £5,000 per year plus a nominal share of gate receipts.
Floodlights first shone on the 25th of March 1957. They cost £40,000, and four pylons of 180 feet each carried 54 lights. They were dismantled in 1987. The Stretford End was the last stand to get a cantilevered roof, in time for 1993-94.
The Taylor Report's demand for an all-seater stadium cut capacity to around 44,000 by 1993. A three-tier North Stand in 1995 brought it back to about 55,000, and second tiers on the East and West Stands raised it to around 67,000. On the 31st of March 2007-76,098 people saw United beat Blackburn Rovers 4-1. Just 114 seats of 76,212 were empty. Only Borussia Dortmund averages bigger crowds in Europe.
In 2021 co-chairman Joel Glazer said early-stage planning for redevelopment was under way. After Sir Jim Ratcliffe's investment in 2024, plans emerged for a new stadium of 100,000 seats beside the old one. On the 11th of March 2025, the club announced it had retained Foster and Partners. The new ground is under consideration as a venue for the 2035 FIFA Women's World Cup.
No player has moved directly between Manchester United and Liverpool since 1964. The rivalry is rooted in the competition between two cities during the Industrial Revolution, when Manchester was known for textiles and Liverpool was a major port. Between them the clubs have won 40 league titles and nine European Cups. France Football ranked them the two biggest clubs in England. As of April 2025, Liverpool led on trophies, 69 to 68, while United led the head-to-head with 83 wins to 72 and 61 draws.
The Manchester derby against City grew sharper in the 2010s, with the two clubs fighting for the league in 2012 and 2013. They then met in consecutive FA Cup finals in 2023 and 2024. The Roses rivalry with Leeds United comes from the Wars of the Roses, with United standing for Lancashire and Leeds for Yorkshire. Arsenal's rivalry grew from title races under Alex Ferguson and Arsene Wenger, who had a heated personal feud. Between the clubs they have 33 titles, 20 of them United's.
A 2014 study found that United had the loudest fans in the Premier League. The club counts more than 200 officially recognised supporters' club branches in at least 24 countries. Deloitte estimated 75 million fans worldwide, and the club had over 82 million Facebook followers as of July 2023. After the Glazer family's takeover in 2005, a group of fans formed a splinter club, F.C. United of Manchester. In March 2025 the club launched its first Jewish supporters' club and also welcomed the Stretford Sikhs.
The brand rests on the team Busby rebuilt after Munich. Its attacking football contrasted with the defensive catenaccio style favoured by the leading Italian teams of the era. George Best, called the Fifth Beatle for his haircut, was the first footballer to build a significant media profile off the pitch. Decades later David Beckham played a similar role, and his popularity across Asia was integral to United's commercial success there.
In 2002 Nike began a 13-year partnership worth £303 million that included running the club's merchandising. It sold 3.8 million replica shirts in its first 22 months. Sharp Electronics had become the first shirt sponsor in 1982-83 for £500,000 over five years. Aon's deal from 2010-11, reputed to be worth about £80 million, was the most lucrative in football history. From 2015-16 Adidas paid a minimum of £750 million over ten years. In 2016-17 United were the highest-earning club in the world, with revenue of €676.3 million.
In January 2013 the club became the first sports team valued at $3 billion. By June 2017 Forbes had it back at the top of its list, at $3.689 billion.
Louis Edwards, a friend of Busby, joined the board days after Munich and began buying shares. For roughly £40,000 he built a 54 per cent stake and took control in January 1964. His son Martin became chairman in 1980. Robert Maxwell tried to buy the club in 1984 but did not meet Edwards' price. In 1989 a £20 million sale to Michael Knighton fell through, and Knighton joined the board instead.
In June 1991 United floated on the stock market, raising £6.7 million. In 1998 Rupert Murdoch's British Sky Broadcasting bid £623 million, which the board accepted. The Monopolies and Mergers Commission blocked it in April 1999. The bid had already spawned Shareholders United Against Murdoch, now the Manchester United Supporters' Trust. Later, a dispute over the ownership of a horse, Rock of Gibraltar, set Ferguson against majority shareholders John Magnier and J. P. McManus, who tried to have him removed.
In May 2005, American businessman Malcolm Glazer bought their 28.7 per cent stake. His takeover valued the club at about £800 million and took it off the stock exchange. Much of the money was borrowed, and the debt passed to the club. United went from debt-free to owing £540 million, at interest rates between 7 per cent and 20 per cent.
A refinancing in July 2006 cut annual interest by 30 per cent, to £62 million. Debts peaked at £777 million in June 2007. A £504 million bond issue followed in January 2010. On the 23rd of January 2010, fans protested at Old Trafford and the training centre, wearing the colours of the club's railway origins. A group of wealthy fans, dubbed the Red Knights, discussed buying out the Glazers.
In August 2012 United listed on the New York Stock Exchange, cutting the share price to $14 and still valuing the club at $2.3 billion. Public Class A shares carry a tenth of the voting rights of the Glazers' Class B shares. By 2019 The Guardian reckoned the club had paid about £1 billion in interest and fees on the Glazers' behalf.
On the 24th of December 2023, Sir Jim Ratcliffe bought 25 per cent of the club, and his Ineos Sport took control of football operations. His holding reached 28.94 per cent in December 2024, while the Glazers remain majority shareholders. For the year to June 2025, United reported record revenue of £666.5 million but a net loss of £33 million.
The 2005 takeover claimed another victim. Manchester United Supporters Club Ladies had played since the late 1970s and became the official women's team in 2001. Following Glazer's takeover the team was disbanded as unprofitable. A new women's team formed in 2018, and on the 12th of May 2024 it won its first trophy, beating Tottenham Hotspur 4-0 in the Women's FA Cup final.
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Updated
Common questions
How did Manchester United begin?
The club was founded in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club by the Carriage and Wagon department of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot at Newton Heath. It took the name Manchester United in 1902.
Why was the name changed to Manchester United in 1902?
In January 1902 the club had debts of £2,670 and was served with a winding-up order. Captain Harry Stafford found four local businessmen who each invested £500, and the club was renamed. Manchester United was officially born on the 24th of April 1902.
What was the Munich air disaster?
On the 6th of February 1958, the aircraft carrying the team home from a European Cup quarter-final against Red Star Belgrade crashed while taking off after refuelling in Munich. It claimed 23 lives, including eight players.
What was the Treble?
In the 1998-99 season, Manchester United became the first team to win the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League in the same season. They beat Bayern Munich in the final after trailing 1-0 into injury time.
Who owns Manchester United?
The Glazer family retains majority ownership and control, after Malcolm Glazer's leveraged takeover of 2005. Sir Jim Ratcliffe bought 25 per cent in December 2023, and his holding reached 28.94 per cent in December 2024.
Where does Manchester United play?
The club has played at Old Trafford since 1910. In March 2025 it announced that it had retained Foster and Partners to design a new 100,000-capacity stadium next to the existing ground.
All sources
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- 163Top 30 Football Club BrandsBrand Finance — September 2011
- 164NewsManchester United Tops The World's 50 Most Valuable Sports TeamsKurt Badenhausen — 16 July 2012
- 166NewsManchester United Becomes First Team Valued At $3 BillionMike Ozanian — 27 January 2013
- 167NewsThe World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2017Mike Ozanian — 6 June 2017
- 168Hamil (2008), p. 116.
- 169Hamil (2008), p. 124.
- 170Hamil (2008), p. 121.
- 171NewsBeckham fever grips Japan18 June 2003
- 172Hamil (2008), p. 120.
- 173Hamil (2008), p. 122.
- 174Man Utd in talks over new £70m a season shirt sponsorJamie Spencer — 8 March 2021
- 175NewsManchester United show financial muscle after signing record £80m shirt contractJames Ducker — 4 June 2009
- 176NewsOilinvest to renegotiate Juventus sponsorshipSportBusiness (SBG Companies) — 7 September 2006
- 177NewsMan Utd sign £56m AIG shirt deal6 April 2006
- 178NewsManchester United announce £80 million sponsorship deal with AonBen Smith et al. — 3 June 2009
- 179NewsDHL delivers new shirt deal22 August 2011
- 180NewsManchester United unveils two new commercial deals22 August 2011
- 181NewsManchester United buy back training kit sponsorship rights from DHL26 October 2012
- 182NewsManchester United to sign £180m Aon deal to change name of Carrington training baseMark Ogden — 7 April 2013
- 184Devlin (2005), p. 149.
- 185Devlin (2005), p. 148.
- 186Hamil (2008), p. 127.
- 187NewsMan Utd in £300m Nike deal3 November 2000
- 188NewsManchester United fans call on corporate sponsors to back fight against GlazersRichard Wachman — 24 April 2010
- 189GM in record Man Utd sponsorship dealAndrew Edgecliffe — FT.com — 4 August 2012
- 190NewsChevrolet signs seven-year deal30 July 2012
- 192NewsNike and Manchester United Set to End Equipment PartnershipChad Bray — 9 July 2014
- 193NewsManchester United sign record 10-year kit deal with Adidas worth £750mJamie Jackson — 14 July 2014
- 194NewsManchester United and adidas announce record £75m-per-year deal after Nike pull outJack De Menezes — 14 July 2014
- 195NewsKohler Unveiled as Shirt Sleeve Sponsor12 July 2018
- 197NewsMan Utd agree deal with new shirt sponsor13 September 2023
- 198NewsManchester United's Snapdragon shirt sponsorship deal extended by two years until 2029Adam Crafton — 15 August 2024
- 199Crick & Smith (1990), p. 181.
- 200Crick & Smith (1990), p. 92.
- 201White, Jim (2008), p. 92.
- 202Dobson & Goddard (2004), p. 190.
- 203News1989: Man U sold in record takeover deal18 August 1989
- 204Dobson & Goddard (2004), p. 191.
- 205Bose (2007), p. 157.
- 206Bose (2007), p. 175.
- 207Bose (2007), pp. 234–235.
- 208NewsGlazer Man Utd stake exceeds 75%16 May 2005
- 209NewsGlazer gets 98% of Man Utd shares23 June 2005
- 210NewsCould the Glazers lose their public enemy No.1 tag at Manchester United?Neil Maidment — 15 June 2015
- 211NewsGlazers set to lighten Man Utd's debt burdenDan Sabbagh — 13 June 2006
- 212NewsDebt £511m but dividends galore: the Glazers' legacy at Manchester UnitedDavid Conn — 17 October 2019
- 213NewsGlazers Tighten Grip on United With Debt Refinancing8 July 2006
- 214NewsManchester United reveal refinancing plansRTÉ (Raidió Teilifís Éireann) — 18 July 2006
- 215NewsManchester United debt hits £716m20 January 2010
- 216NewsManchester United to raise £500m11 January 2010
- 217NewsManchester United raise £504m in bond issueBill Wilson — 22 January 2010
- 218NewsMan Utd 4–0 HullIan Hughes — 23 January 2010
- 219NewsPrime Minister Gordon Brown warns football over debts25 January 2010
- 220NewsWealthy Man Utd fans approach broker about takeoverNabil Hassan et al. — 30 January 2010
- 221NewsMan Utd: 10 years of the Glazers - is Old Trafford club better off?12 May 2015
- 222NewsManchester United eyes a partial flotation on Singapore stock exchangeOwen Gibson — 16 August 2011
- 223NewsManchester United picks NYSE for U.S. public offeringSharanya Hrishikesh et al. — 4 July 2012
- 224NewsManchester United IPO: share prices cut before US stock market flotationDominic Rushe — 10 August 2012
- 225NewsManchester United IPO - Q&ARichard Jolly — 1 August 2012
- 226NewsGlazers to sell two percent of Manchester United shares - sources10 August 2017
- 227NewsThe truth behind claims Manchester United owners the Glazers are set to sell millions of sharesDean Rudge — 25 September 2019
- 228NewsCost of Glazers' takeover at Manchester United reaches £500mDavid Conn — 22 February 2012
- 229NewsManchester United's net debt rises £73.6m to £391.3m in three monthsJamie Jackson — 25 February 2020
- 232Club statement24 December 2023
- 233NewsRatcliffe increases Manchester United stake after paying agreed investmentWill Unwin — 19 December 2024
- 234Manchester United hit £666.5m record revenue but lose £33m amid turmoilJamie Jackson — 17 September 2025
- 235Man United reveal record revenues despite on-field struggles17 September 2025
- 236Men's TeamManchester United
- 237Men U21sManchester United F.C.
- 238Men U18sManchester United F.C.
- 239Bruno voted Player of the Year for a fifth time!Sam Carney — 15 May 2026
- 240Tyler Fletcher awarded the Denzil Haroun trophyAdam Marshall
- 241Jimmy Murphy Player of the Year goes to GabrielAdam Marshall
- 242NewsMan Utd appoint Craig Mawson as new assistant goalkeeping coach30 December 2019
- 243NewsConnor King joins as assistant goalkeeping coach24 September 2026
- 245NewsReds confirm additions to first-team staffAdam Marshall — 6 July 2019
- 246Barnes et al. (2001), pp. 54–57.
- 247NewsSir Jim Ratcliffe's Manchester United buy-in gets official sign-offJamie Jackson — 20 February 2024
- 249Management
- 250NewsOmar Berrada appointed as new CEO21 January 2024
- 251NewsMan Utd: Collette Roche to become club's first female chief operating officerDan Roan — 19 April 2018
- 252NewsMartin Edwards voices concerns over Manchester United's futureNeil Gardner — 8 October 2009
- 254NewsManchester United promote Jason Wilcox to director of football in latest behind-the-scenes reshuffleGeorge Flood — 5 June 2025
- 255NewsManchester United appoint Christopher Vivell as full-time director of recruitment25 February 2025
- 256NewsBrailsford to scale back involvement at Man Utd21 July 2025
- 257NewsManchester United appoint new performance director with Premier League experienceStretty News — 5 September 2024
- 258NewsUnited makes key appointments30 July 2025
- 259NewsManchester United appoint Rebecca Britain as club secretary29 March 2018
- 261Shury & Landamore (2005), p. 8.
- 262NewsOn This Day: United's Historic 'Double Double'11 May 2020
- 263NewsManchester United win the UEFA Europa League24 May 2017
- 265Upon its formation in 1992, the Premier League became the top tier of English football; the Football League First and Second Divisions then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004,
- 266NewsTreble treble: The teams that won the trebleSimon Rice — 20 May 2010
- 267Why Do Manchester United Still Not Have a Women's Team?Tim Wigmore
- 268NewsUnited abandon women's game to focus on youthTony Leighton — 21 February 2005
- 269NewsWomen's FA Cup final: Manchester United beat Tottenham to win first major trophyBBC — 12 May 2024
- 270BookManchester United: A Thematic StudyRoutledge — 2004
- 271BookThe Official Manchester United Illustrated EncyclopediaJustyn Barnes et al. — Manchester United Books — 2001
- 272BookManchester Disunited: Trouble and Takeover at the World's Richest Football ClubMihir Bose — Aurum Press — 2007
- 273BookManchester United – The Betrayal of a LegendMichael Crick et al. — Pan Books — 1990
- 274BookTrue Colours: Football Kits from 1980 to the Present DayJohn Devlin — A & C Black — 2005
- 275BookInternational Sports Economics ComparisonsStephen Dobson et al. — Praeger Publishers — 2004
- 276BookSport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and CivilisationEric Dunning — Routledge — 1999
- 277BookInternational Cases in the Business of SportSean Hamil — Butterworth-Heinemann — 2008
- 278BookFootball Grounds of BritainSimon Inglis — CollinsWillow — 1996
- 279BookManchester: A Football HistoryGary James — James Ward — 2008
- 280JournalDesign for lifeSteve Morgan — March 2010
- 281BookThe Official Illustrated History of Manchester UnitedAlex Murphy — Orion Books — 2006
- 282BookThe Definitive Newton Heath F.CAlan Shury et al. — SoccerData — 2005
- 283BookThe Hamlyn Illustrated History of Manchester United 1878–1996Tom Tyrrell et al. — Hamlyn — 1996
- 284BookManchester United: The BiographyJim White — Sphere — 2008
- 285BookThe United MiscellanyJohn White — Carlton Books — 2007