Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Macron was 39 years old when he took office as President of France on the 14th of May 2017. No French head of state had been younger since Napoleon. He was also the first president born after the founding of the Fifth Republic in 1958. Only a few years earlier, he had never held elected office. His career had run through philosophy seminars, the civil service and a bank. So how does a man with that résumé build a political movement from nothing and win the highest office in the country? What did the years of banking and ministerial work teach him about power, and what did they cost him? And what happens to a president who promised to unblock France when voters hand him a parliament that refuses to be unblocked?
In Amiens, on the 21st of December 1977, Emmanuel Macron was born to Françoise Macron, a physician, and Jean-Michel Macron, a professor of neurology. The couple's first child had been stillborn. His parents chose the name Emmanuel in reference to the biblical prophecy about Jesus Christ. The family was not religious, yet at the age of 12 he asked to be baptized as a Catholic. Today he calls himself agnostic.
His grandmother Germaine Noguès, whom he called "Manette", lived in the Pyrenean town of Bagnères-de-Bigorre. She was the daughter of a stationmaster and a housekeeper, and she rose to become a teacher and then a principal. Macron credits her with his love of reading and his leftward leanings. A paternal great-grandfather, George William Robertson, had been born in Bristol, which gives the French president an English branch on his family tree.
At the Jesuit Lycée la Providence in Amiens, a teacher changed the direction of his life. Brigitte was married, had three children, and ran a theatre workshop. She was 39 when the 15-year-old Macron, a classmate of her daughter, took part in it. A romance began later, and she would become his wife. She is close to 25 years his senior. His alarmed parents answered by sending him to finish school at the elite Lycée Henri-IV in Paris.
In Paris he earned a "Bac S, Mention Très bien" and was nominated for the Concours général in French literature. He also held a diploma in piano from the Amiens Conservatory. Twice he failed the entrance exam for the École normale supérieure. He turned instead to philosophy at Paris Nanterre, where his master-level thesis paired Machiavelli with Hegel.
Around 1999 he worked as an editorial assistant to the philosopher Paul Ricoeur, who was finishing La Mémoire, l'Histoire, l'Oubli. Macron handled the notes and bibliography. He also joined the editorial board of the magazine Esprit. Because he was studying, he skipped national service, and his birth year put him in the last cohort for whom it was compulsory.
A master's degree at Sciences Po followed, then training at the École nationale d'administration. His postings there included the French Embassy in Nigeria and the prefecture of Oise. He graduated in 2004, and the Finance Ministry's inspectorate was waiting.
Jean-Pierre Jouyet, the head of the Inspection générale des finances, became the mentor of the young inspector who arrived in 2004. In the summers, Macron lectured at prep'ENA, a cram school at the elite private school IPESUP. In 2006, Laurence Parisot offered him the job of managing director of Medef, France's largest employer federation. He declined. The following year, in August 2007, he became deputy rapporteur of Jacques Attali's "Commission to Unleash French Growth".
In 2008, Macron paid €50,000 to buy himself out of his government contract. In September of that year he joined Rothschild & Cie Banque, on an offer from François Henrot. His first task was helping Crédit Mutuel Nord Europe acquire Cofidis. Through the businessman Alain Minc, a member of the supervisory board of Le Monde, he worked on the newspaper's recapitalization.
He became a partner in 2010. That same year he was put in charge of Nestlé's €9 billion purchase of Pfizer's infant nutrition division, a deal that made him a millionaire. Official documents show earnings of almost €3 million between 2009 and 2013. He left the bank in 2012.
Politics ran alongside the finance. Macron joined the Socialist Party at 24, and last renewed his membership for 2006-2009. Jouyet introduced him to François Hollande in 2006, and in 2010 he joined Hollande's staff. His 2007 application to run for the National Assembly in Picardy under the Socialist label was declined. In 2010 he turned down a post as deputy chief of staff to Prime Minister François Fillon.
On the 15th of May 2012, with Hollande in the Élysée, Macron became deputy secretary-general there, working with Nicolas Revel. That summer he proposed stretching the 35-hour working week to 37 hours until 2014, and tried to hold back planned tax rises on top earners. Hollande refused both. In 2013 his was one of the deciding votes against regulating the pay of chief executives.
On the 10th of June 2014 it was announced that he had resigned, with Laurence Boone as his replacement. Reports cited his disappointment at being left out of the first Valls government and his frustration at his lack of influence. Jouyet said he was leaving to "continue personal aspirations". Macron became a research fellow in Berlin, with Minc's help, and had also sought a place at Harvard. He turned down a chance to run in the 2014 municipal elections in Amiens, and Hollande rejected Manuel Valls's idea of making him Budget Minister. On the 26th of August 2014, the call came anyway, for a different post.
The 26th of August 2014 made Macron Minister of Economics and Finance in the second Valls government, replacing Arnaud Montebourg. Nobody so young had held the ministry since Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in 1962. The press nicknamed him the "Anti-Montebourg". Montebourg was left-wing and eurosceptic, while Macron was pro-EU and far more liberal.
At Renault, Macron raised the French state's holding from 15% to 20%. He then enforced the Florange law, which gives double voting rights to shares held for more than two years unless two-thirds of shareholders vote to overturn it. That gave the state a stronger voice at the carmaker, though Macron later said the government would limit how it used that power. He drew heavy criticism for failing to stop the closure of an Ecopla factory in Isère.
His signature achievement began as someone else's project. Montebourg had sponsored a bill about "purchasing power" before leaving the government. It grew into the Macron law, a grab bag of measures. These loosened rules on Sunday and night work, intercity coaches, debt collectors, barristers and auctioneers. They also touched how the military rents equipment from private firms. The law streamlined procedures such as obtaining a driving licence. Estimates of the boost to GDP ranged from 0.3% to 0.5%.
Valls feared the National Assembly would reject it. On the 17th of February 2015, he forced it through using the special 49.3 procedure. The law was adopted on the 10th of April 2015.
Years later, on the 10th of July 2022, The Guardian revealed that Macron had helped Uber with its lobbying during his time as minister. Opposition lawmakers called for a parliamentary inquiry. Macron answered that he had "done his job", would do it again, and said: "I'm proud of it".
In office, he was already drafting a larger sequel nicknamed Macron 2. Its fate would help end his time in government.
In March 2015, Macron appeared on the television programme Des Paroles Et Des Actes, and the wider French public began to know his name. He gave his first speech as a minister in Val-de-Marne that month. He travelled abroad, including to Israel, where he spoke about digital technology. In August 2015 he said he was no longer a Socialist Party member but an independent. He threatened to quit the government over a plan to strip dual nationality from terrorists. On the El Khomri labour law, he was allowed to help draft parts of Macron 2 into the text, but the minister and her allies overturned them.
On the 6th of April 2016, in Amiens, he founded En Marche, a social-liberal and progressive movement. It won huge media attention. Hollande reprimanded both the party and its founder, and most Socialists, including Valls, spoke against it. In May 2016, Orléans mayor Olivier Carré invited him to the festival honouring Joan of Arc's role in the siege of Orléans. LCI reported that Macron was trying to reclaim her from the far right. At Puy du Fou he declared that he was "not a socialist".
On the 30th of August 2016, he resigned from the government. Hollande said he felt Macron had "methodically betrayed" him. An IFOP poll showed 84% of those surveyed agreed with the decision. In October, Macron mocked Hollande's goal of being a "normal" president, saying France needed a more "Jupiterian presidency". On the 16th of November 2016, he formally declared his candidacy, calling for a "democratic revolution" and promising to "unblock France". His book Révolution came out eight days later and reached fifth place on the best-seller list in December.
His campaign said in December that it had raised 3.7 million euros, three times the budget of the front-runner Alain Juppé. Benoît Hamon demanded the donor list and raised conflicts of interest over his time at Rothschild. Macron dismissed that as "demagogy". Two journalists reported that he had spent €120,000 at the ministry on dinners and meetings with media and cultural figures. He called the allegations "defamatory".
Mediapart counted more than fifty magazine covers devoted to him. Marianne reported that BFM TV gave him more airtime than all the other main candidates combined. Critics called him the "media candidate". François Bayrou declined to run and allied with him, and the legal troubles of François Fillon then pushed Macron into the lead. On the 2nd of March 2017 he finally published a 150-page programme, answering complaints about how long it had taken.
On the 23rd of April 2017 he topped the first round with more than 8 million votes, or 24%. Marine Le Pen was his rival in the runoff, and their debate on the 3rd of May lasted two hours. Polls said he had won it. Within days, nine gigabytes of campaign emails were posted online, and the hashtag "#macronleaks" began trending. Earlier, his digital campaign manager Mounir Mahjoubi had accused RT and Sputnik of being a leading source of false information. The security firm Trend Micro had warned the campaign of phishing attacks by the Russian group Fancy Bear. In July, WikiLeaks released 21,075 verified emails and 50,773 it could not verify.
On the 7th of May 2017, Macron won with 66.1% of the vote to Le Pen's 33.9%. Abstention reached a record 25.4%, and 8% of ballots were blank or spoiled. Catherine Barbaroux took over En Marche as interim leader.
On the 15th of May 2017, the day after his inauguration, Macron named Édouard Philippe of the Republicans as prime minister. Patrick Strzoda became his chief of staff, and Ismaël Emelien his adviser for strategy, communication and speeches. In the June legislative election, his party and its MoDem allies won 350 of 577 seats.
His first push was on public ethics. After the Penelopegate scandal, parliament passed a measure banning elected representatives from hiring family members. His own idea of giving his wife an official role in government drew fire as a contradiction. A petition on change.org gathered nearly 290,000 signatures, and he dropped the plan. The ethics bill was adopted on the 9th of August.
Labour came next. The reforms capped payouts for dismissals ruled unfair and gave companies more freedom to hire, fire and set working conditions. The moderate CFDT union negotiated with the president, while the militant CGT stayed hostile. Labour minister Muriel Pénicaud led the effort, and Macron signed five decrees on the 22nd of September. Government figures in October 2017 showed unemployment falling by 1.8%. His first budget, presented on the 27th of September, replaced the wealth tax with one aimed at real estate. The old tax had taken up to 1.5% of the wealth of residents worth more than €1.3 million.
On the 19th of July 2017, army chief Pierre de Villiers stepped down after a confrontation with Macron. He cited a military budget cut of €850 million. François Lecointre replaced him. A new anti-terror law passed the National Assembly 415-127 on the 3rd of October, and the Senate 244-22 on the 18th. Macron signed it on the 30th of October, ending the state of emergency from the 1st of November. A Le Figaro poll found 57% approved even though 62% thought it would encroach on personal freedoms.
His popularity, which stood at 62% at the start of his term, soon sank. By the end of November 2018, during the yellow vests movement, it had fallen to about 25%. Opponents dubbed him the "president of the rich". On the 18th of July 2018, Le Monde revealed that staff member Alexandre Benalla had posed as a police officer and beaten a protester at a May Day demonstration. He had only been demoted internally, and the Élysée had not referred the case to prosecutors.
In December 2019, Macron announced a plan to replace the old pension schemes with a single national system. After weeks of transport shutdowns, he compromised on the retirement age, and in February 2020 the overhaul was adopted by decree. On the 16th of March 2020, he pulled the draft as France went into COVID-19 lockdown. His popularity climbed to a high of 50% in July 2020. On the 3rd of July 2020, he named Jean Castex, a social conservative from the Republicans, as prime minister.
On the 29th of May 2017, Macron received Vladimir Putin at the Palace of Versailles and denounced Russia Today and Sputnik as "organs of influence and propaganda, of lying propaganda". Four days earlier, at his first NATO summit, he had met Donald Trump for the first time. Their handshake was widely described as a power struggle. In his first week as president he went to Berlin, where he and Angela Merkel agreed to draw up a "common road map" for Europe.
In February 2018, at the Munich Security Conference, Macron laid out a 10-year vision for strengthening the European Union. He argued that Europe needed a bigger budget, integrated capital markets and an effective defence policy. He said that relying on NATO, and especially on the United States and United Kingdom, was not good for Europe. Before the G7 summit in Biarritz, he hosted Putin at the Fort de Brégançon and said that "Russia fully belongs within a Europe of values". On the 26th of November 2021 he signed the Quirinal Treaty with Italy's prime minister Mario Draghi, covering foreign policy, defence, migration and culture.
In March 2019, he and Xi Jinping signed 15 agreements worth 40 billion euros while a trade war raged between China and the United States. Of that, €30 billion was an order of Airbus planes. After a three-day state visit to China, Macron urged Europe to avoid being drawn into any confrontation over Taiwan, and suggested it could become a "third superpower". In January 2026, at Davos, he pressed China to build and manufacture in Europe rather than only export there.
On the 17th of September 2021, France recalled its ambassadors from Australia and the United States over the AUKUS pact. Australia had cancelled a deal for French conventionally powered submarines in favour of nuclear-powered ones supplied by the Americans. France had never before pulled its ambassador from Washington. A phone call between Macron and Joe Biden eased the crisis, and the White House conceded it could have been averted with open consultation.
Before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Macron spoke with Putin in person and by phone. On the 16th of June 2022, he travelled to Ukraine with Olaf Scholz and Mario Draghi and met Volodymyr Zelenskyy. At the NATO summit in Vilnius, he promised Scalp long-range cruise missiles. In February 2024, he stirred controversy by floating the idea of sending ground troops. On the 28th of May 2024, he allowed Ukraine to use SCALP EG missiles against military sites on Russian soil from which attacks were launched. In February 2025, he called Russia an "existential threat" to Europe.
In the Middle East, he condemned Hamas in October 2023, then on the 10th of November urged Israel to stop bombing Gaza. In July 2025 he announced that France would recognise a Palestinian state at the UN General Assembly. On the 23rd of June 2025, he called Trump's strikes on Iranian nuclear sites "illegal". Days earlier, Trump had snapped that "Emmanuel always gets it wrong".
As president of France, Macron is also, automatically, a co-prince of Andorra. Strzoda represented him when he swore to uphold Andorra's constitution at the Casa de la Vall on the 15th of June 2017. When Andorra asked for economic aid during the pandemic, he refused, noting that the Bank of France could not lend to another country without the approval of the European Central Bank. His fellow co-prince, the Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília, was succeeded in 2025 by Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat.
The 2022 runoff gave Macron a 58.55% to 41.45% victory over Le Pen, a far closer result than five years earlier. He was the first sitting president re-elected since Jacques Chirac in 2002. Abstention was so high that his win equalled just 38.52% of registered voters, the lowest share since Georges Pompidou's 37.5% in 1969. Le Pen's 41.5% was a record for the far right. On the 16th of May 2022, Castex resigned after 22 months, and Macron appointed Élisabeth Borne, only the second woman prime minister after Édith Cresson.
One month later, Macron's coalition had fallen from a 115-seat majority to 251 seats, which was 38 short of the 289 needed. This came days after he had asked voters for a "solid majority" in a 'tarmac speech'. Three close allies lost their seats: Richard Ferrand, Christophe Castaner and Patrick Mignola. By the end of 2022, the Borne cabinet had used Article 49.3 ten times in a row to pass the 2023 budgets.
In March 2023, the government raised the retirement age from 62 to 64, again using 49.3. On the 20th of March, it survived a no-confidence motion by only nine votes, the slimmest margin since 1992. In the early summer, the police killing of 17-year-old Nahel M. during a traffic stop set off riots. Authorities deployed 45,000 officers. More than 1,300 people were arrested on the fourth night alone, and over 2,000 by the 1st of July. On the 20th of July 2023, Macron reshuffled his government to close the "hundred days of appeasement and action" he had promised.
On the 11th of December 2023, his flagship immigration bill was unexpectedly defeated in the National Assembly, in what commentators called a "spectacular debacle". A compromise with the Senate hardened the text, and it passed on the 19th of December with votes from the conservative LR and the far-right RN. Health Minister Aurélien Rousseau resigned shortly after. In January 2024, Macron replaced Borne with Gabriel Attal, the youngest head of government in French history and the first openly gay man in the job. On the 4th of March 2024, parliament enshrined abortion as a guaranteed freedom in the Constitution.
On the 9th of June 2024, after his centrist list took only 14.6% in the European Parliament elections, nearly 17 points behind Le Pen's RN, Macron dissolved the National Assembly. In the first round on the 30th of June, his grouping won 20.04%, placing third behind the RN's 33.15% and the left-wing NFP's 27.99%. The second round on the 7th of July produced another hung parliament. The left won a plurality but fell 90 to 100 seats short of a majority. On the 8th of July, Macron refused Attal's resignation, and on the 27th of August he refused to appoint the NFP's candidate, Lucie Castets. On the 5th of September, he named the conservative Michel Barnier prime minister.
On the 4th of December 2024, the Assembly toppled Barnier after he used 49.3 to pass the social security budget. It was the first government brought down by parliament since 1962. Macron vowed to stay in office, blaming an alliance of the extreme left and extreme right. François Bayrou succeeded Barnier, then fell in a confidence vote in September 2025. Sébastien Lecornu, the fifth prime minister of this term, resigned in less than a month and was reappointed shortly afterwards.
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Common questions
How old was Emmanuel Macron when he first became president?
He was 39 when he took office on the 14th of May 2017, making him the youngest French head of state since Napoleon.
Who did Macron defeat in the 2017 and 2022 presidential runoffs?
Both times he defeated Marine Le Pen, winning 66.1% to 33.9% in 2017 and 58.55% to 41.45% in 2022.
What is En Marche?
It is the social-liberal political movement Macron founded in Amiens on the 6th of April 2016. It was later renamed La République En Marche!.
Why did Macron dissolve the National Assembly in 2024?
On the 9th of June 2024, his centrist list took only 14.6% in the European Parliament elections, nearly 17 points behind the RN, and he called an early legislative election.
Why is Macron a co-prince of Andorra?
As president of France he holds the title automatically, alongside the Bishop of Urgell.
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- 3NewsLe livre qui raconte l'intimité d'Emmanuel MacronKevin Badeau — 7 April 2017
- 5NewsSur les traces de l'arrière-grand-père d'Emmanuel Macron entre Amiens et ArrasLaurent Boucher — 26 April 2017
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- 28NewsWho's behind the mysterious rise of Emmanuel Macron?Patrick Marnham — 4 February 2017
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- 37Quand Emmanuel Macron était banquier d'affaires : "Un élément prometteur, mais sans plus"Anne Brigaudeau — 5 May 2017
- 38Macron, la première marche27 January 2017
- 41Meet The Real Emmanuel Macron: Consummate Banker Puppet, Bizarre Elitist CreationTyler Durden — 25 April 2017
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- 186NewsFrance sees big drop in unemployment rate in boost for Macron25 October 2017
- 187France will not allow another refugee camp in Calais, says MacronKim Willsher — 16 January 2018
- 188NewsMacron tries to answer critics by striking a balance on migrationAnne-Sylvaine Chassany — 16 January 2018
- 190France to 'take back control' of immigration policy6 November 2019
- 191NewsFrance Announces Tough New Measures on ImmigrationNorimitsu Onishi — 6 November 2019
- 192NewsImmigration rose in France in 2022, driven by labor needs and foreign students27 January 2023
- 193NewsHead of French military quits after row with Emmanuel MacronAngelique Chrisafis — 19 July 2017
- 194NewsFrench army chief resigns over Macron spat19 July 2017
- 195NewsMacron names François Lecointre new armed forces chiefFrance 24 — 19 July 2017
- 197NewsBritish expats among those benefiting as Macron slashes French wealth taxRichard Dyson et al. — 27 October 2017
- 198NewsEmmanuel Macron takes France by surprise by unveiling 'voluntary redundancy' plan for bloated state sectorHenry Samuel — 2 February 2018
- 199France's Resistance to Change Grows as Macron Vows New Pension PlanTrueNewsSource — 8 December 2019
- 200Will Macron's Compromise on Pension Plan Mellow Protests in France?14 January 2020
- 201NewsFrench government adopts pension reform by decreeDavid Keohane — 29 February 2020
- 202NewsMacron to revive controversial pension overhaul once Covid is under controlSarah Elzas — 13 January 2021
- 203NewsMacron urges French police to make full use of draconian anti-terror powers19 October 2017
- 204NewsFrance to enshrine some state of emergency measures into lawDeutsche-Welle
- 205NewsFrench parliament passes controversial anti-terror lawAnadolu Agency
- 206NewsFrench parliament adopts controversial anti-terror billFrance 24
- 207NewsFrench parliament adopts controversial anti-terror billDeutsche-Welle
- 208NewsMacron rejects Corsican language demand7 February 2018
- 210NewsEmmanuel Macron to propose reorganization of Islam in France11 February 2018
- 212NewsMacron 'wins battle of the alphas' in handshake with Donald Trump25 May 2017
- 215NewsMacron warns over Syrian chemical weapons in frank meeting with PutinAngelique Chrisafis — 29 May 2017
- 218NewsEmmanuel Macron: Fighting Islamist terror is France's top priorityDeutsche-Welle
- 219France's Macron urges better long-term relations with Russia15 February 2020
- 220NewsThe Macron method16 October 2019
- 221NewsIranian foreign minister Javad Zarif arrives in Biarritz in surprise visit to G7 leaders summitRoland Oliphant et al. — 25 August 2019
- 222NewsFrance seals multi-billion dollar deals with China, but questions Belt and Road projectMarine Pennetier et al. — 25 March 2019
- 225NewsMacron seeks EU sanctions over Turkish 'violations' in Greek watersJohn Irish — 23 July 2020
- 226NewsFrance's Macron slams Turkey's 'criminal' role in LibyaAl Jazeera — 30 June 2020
- 227NewsTurkey warns Egypt over Libya and lashes out at Macron's role20 July 2020
- 228NewsFrance-Turkey spat over Libya arms exposes NATO's limits5 July 2020
- 229NewsBoris Johnson infuriated after Emmanuel Macron suggested Northern Ireland was not part of UKBen Riley-Smith — 12 June 2021
- 230NewsG7 summit: Northern Ireland part of one great indivisible UK, says PM13 June 2021
- 231NewsBrexit row deepens as Elysee Palace rejects claims of Macron confusion over Northern IrelandAndrew Woodcock — 15 June 2021
- 233NewsFrance recalls its ambassadors to Australia and United States amid submarine furyShields, Bevan — 18 September 2021
- 234NewsFrance Recalls Its Ambassador to U.S. for First Time Over SubsNick Wadhams et al. — Bloomberg L.P. — 17 September 2021
- 235Macron, Biden agree to soothe tensions after submarine row22 September 2021
- 236Read Joe Biden and Emmanuel Macron's Rare Joint Statement on Recent RiftKatherine Fung — 21 September 2021
- 239Emmanuel Macron has a grand vision for the West. Putin has exposed the limits of his influenceLuke McGee — 8 April 2022
- 240Macron: Keep talking to Putin to avoid 'new world war'Camille Gijs — 22 April 2022
- 241NewsMacron says Hamas was 'never active' in West Bank. Nearly 40 years of terror campaign say otherwiseElisha Ben Kimon — 2026-09-23
- 245NewsFrench President Macron, PM Philippe approval ratings rise: poll24 June 2017
- 246NewsNouvelle forte baisse de la popularité d'Emmanuel Macron27 August 2017
- 247NewsFrench military chief quits after Macron clashSky News
- 249NewsHousing benefit cuts spark row as Emmanuel Macron's poll ratings fallAngelique Chrisafis — 24 July 2017
- 251NewsL'action d'Emmanuel Macron27 September 2017
- 252NewsRéformes: 69% des Français jugent "injuste" la politique menée par Macron27 September 2017
- 253NewsIn France, Macron's Popularity Hits Record LowDamien Sharkov — 24 September 2018
- 258NewsFrance submits new proposal to ban social media for under-15s2026-09-14
- 261NewsEmmanuel Macron, premier président réélu depuis Jacques Chirac en 200225 April 2022
- 262NewsMacron wins French presidential election24 April 2022
- 264NewsMacron appeals for 'solid majority' ahead of legislative election run-offs14 June 2022
- 265NewsFrance risks gridlock after Macron handed hung parliamentElizabeth Pineau et al. — 20 June 2022
- 266NewsLégislatives: pourquoi Emmanuel Macron chiffre-t-il à 'une trentaine' les députés qui lui manquent pour la majorité absolue, et non à 44?Julie Marie-Leconte — 23 June 2022
- 267NewsCastaner, Ferrand, Mignola... la majorité présidentielle décapitéeMatthieu Deprieck — 19 June 2022
- 268NewsMinistres battus aux législatives: ce qu'a changé la règle de de voir démissionner après une défaiteJulien Robin — 20 June 2022
- 270NewsDamien Abad, de la prise de guerre au boulet gouvernemental en un moisSacha Nelken — 4 July 2022
- 272NewsFrance's hung parliament passes 20-bn-euro inflation package22 July 2022
- 274NewsFrench Parliament passes law to accelerate construction of new nuclear reactorsPerrine Mouterde et al. — 17 May 2022
- 275Le nouveau visage de l'article 49-3Denis Baranger — JP Blog — 16 November 2022
- 276NewsFrench government overrules Parliament for tenth time to pass budget16 December 2022
- 278NewsFrance's Pension Plan: Macron Pushes French Pension Bill Through Without Full VoteRoger Cohen et al. — 20 March 2023
- 280NewsRetraites: la motion de censure de la Nupes rejetée à l'AssembléeCélestine Gentilhomme — 12 June 2023
- 281NewsAt least 150 arrests in protests across France over police killing of teen29 June 2023
- 282NewsWhat's behind the unrest in France?29 June 2023
- 284NewsProtests are sweeping France. Here's what you need to knowSana Noor Haq et al. — 1 July 2023
- 288NewsThe immigration bill unites left and right against Macron2 February 2023
- 289NewsFrench PM delays immigration bill due to lack of parliamentary majority26 April 2023
- 290NewsEmmanuel Macron wants to " significantly reduce immigration "23 August 2023
- 291NewsFrench parliament rejects Macron's immigration bill in surprise vote11 December 2023
- 292News'End of reign': Macron faces ungovernable France after shock immigration loss12 December 2023
- 293NewsTougher French immigration bill passes, Macron's parliament majority wobbles20 December 2023
- 294NewsFrench health minister resigns over Macron's controversial immigration law20 December 2023
- 295NewsFrance's Macron promises more referendums4 October 2023
- 297NewsMacron appoints rising star as PM, leaves presidential hopefuls stunned9 January 2024
- 299NewsAttal government: macronism shifts to the right11 January 2023
- 300NewsFrance unveils €10 billion budget cuts as growth slows22 February 2024
- 306NewsMacron asks Gabriel Attal to remain as prime minister 'for time being'7 July 2024
- 307NewsPolitical chaos in France after Macron refuses to name PM from leftwing coalitionKim Willsher — 26 August 2024
- 308Macron appoints Michel Barnier as new PM, hoping to end political impasse5 September 2024
- 309NewsFrance's Prime Minister Loses No-Confidence Vote and Is Expected to Resign4 December 2024
- 310Moment of big opportunity and high risk for Marine Le Pen4 December 2024
- 312Macron, Scholz and Draghi arrive in Kyiv for historic visit16 June 2022
- 313Draghi, Scholz e Macron arrivano a Kiev. Prima tappa a Irpin15 June 2022
- 315NewsMacron Pledges to Talk Tough on Gas When G-7 Meets6 September 2022
- 316NewsMacron Accuses US of Trade 'Double Standard' Amid Energy Crunch21 October 2022
- 317Funérailles d'Elizabeth II : Emmanuel Macron rend un dernier hommage à la reine19 September 2022
- 318NewsBien sûr! President Macron will be at King's coronationGeorge Grylls — 24 December 2023
- 319NewsMacron meets Meloni on her first day in office23 October 2022
- 320Europe must resist pressure to become 'America's followers,' says MacronJamil Anderlini et al. — POLITICO — 9 April 2023
- 321NewsMacron outlines vision for 'European sovereignty' at a Hague speech disrupted by hecklersFRANCE 24 — 11 April 2023
- 322Most Europeans agree with Macron on China and US, report showsJakob Hanke Vela et al. — Politico — 7 June 2023
- 323NewsEthiopia's prime minister wants Paris to invest8 February 2023
- 324NewsREPLAY – En Slovaquie, Emmanuel Macron s'adresse aux Européens de l'Est • FRANCE 24FRANCE 24 — 31 May 2023
- 325misrepresented by Patrick Wintour of the Guardian as having occurred in Moldova at "an EU leaders conference"
- 326NewsNegotiating with Putin may have to take priority over war crimes trial, says MacronPatrick Wintour — 31 May 2023
- 327NewsFrance to intensify arms delivery to help Ukraine counter-offensive12 June 2023
- 328NewsFrance to send SCALP long-range missiles to Ukraine11 July 2023
- 329NewsMacron calls on Israel to stop killing Gaza's women and babiesKatya Adler et al. — 11 November 2023
- 330NewsCountries on Front Lines of Climate Change Seek New Lifeline in ParisCatherine Porter — 22 June 2023
- 332Émeutes: Emmanuel Macron reporte sa visite d'état en AllemagneBFMTV (with AFP) — 1 July 2023
- 333NewsMacron Urges French Unity in Response to Hamas Attack, Israeli Airstrikes14 October 2023
- 334NewsAlain Gresh: 'Macron's party has a strong anti-Palestinian position'18 October 2023
- 335NewsMacron says 'no justification' for bombing civilians as he calls for Gaza ceasefire10 November 2023
- 336NewsFrance will recognise Palestinian state, Macron saysJaroslav Lukiv — 25 July 2025
- 337NewsNato allies reject Emmanuel Macron idea of troops to Ukraine28 January 2024
- 338NewsEU pushing to boost military aid to UkraineStacy Meichtry et al.
- 340Macron Vows to Continue Military Cooperation with Armenia21 February 2024
- 341NewsDenmark to spend billions on defence, citing fears over Russian rearmamentMiranda Bryant — 19 February 2025
- 343NewsFiscal 'bazooka' for defence, infrastructure approved by Germany MPs19 March 2025
- 344NewsMacron says Israel has the 'right to defend itself'13 June 2025
- 345Trump says he wants "real end" to Iran's nuclear program, not just Iran-Israel ceasefireBrian Dakss — 17 June 2025
- 346NewsMacron: Trump air strikes against Iran 'illegal'Henry Samuel — 23 June 2025
- 347NewsMacron slams US strikes on Iran as lacking legal basis24 June 2025
- 349NewsFrench weapons used in Sudan war despite UN arms embargo, Amnesty says14 November 2024
- 350NewsSudan: French-manufactured weapons system identified in conflict – new investigation14 November 2024
- 352NewsWorld reactions to US operation in Venezuela3 January 2026
- 353NewsEuropean leaders condemn violence against protesters in Iran amid escalation10 January 2026
- 354News'Rupture in the world order': Speeches by Carney, world leaders in Davos21 January 2026
- 355NewsFrance walks 'fine line' as US-Israel war on Iran escalatesSophie Stuber — 12 March 2026
- 356France to send troops to protect Saudi Arabia on Red Sea oil route, Macron says24 September 2026
- 357NewsUber broke laws, duped police and secretly lobbied governments, leak revealsPaul Lewis et al. — 10 July 2022
- 358News'A state scandal': calls for inquiry into Macron's links to Uber lobbyingJennifer Rankin et al.
- 359NewsEmmanuel Macron 'proud' of supporting Uber's lobbying drive in FranceAngelique Chrisafis — 12 July 2022
- 360El Vaticà accepta la dimissió de Vives i Serrano pren possessió com a nou Copríncep episcopalEl Periòdic d'Andorra — 31 May 2025
- 362Macron cumple con la tradición y visita Andorra en calidad de copríncipe13 September 2019
- 364Former New Caledonia-based High Commissioner appointed French President's Chief of StaffDecloitre, Patrick — Radio New Zealand — 7 January 2024
- 367Emmanuel Macron – The new French minister of the economy27 August 2014
- 368NewsEmmanuel Macron's Unexpected Shot at the French PresidencyYasmeen Serhan — 8 February 2017
- 369NewsSex and the French ElectionsPamela Druckerman — 2 February 2017
- 371NewsThe Macron affair: How the French election winner's parents discovered he was dating his teacherAnne Fulda — 17 July 2018
- 373Brigitte Macron15 November 2018
- 374Emmanuel Macron lacks authority because he has no children, says Nicolas SarkozyHenry Samuel — 18 November 2021
- 375Macron, one year on: What's changed in France?FRANCE 24 English — 4 May 2018
- 376NewsHenry Hermand, acteur de la deuxième gauche et mentor d'Emmanuel Macron, est mortRaphaëlle Bacqué — 6 November 2011
- 377NewsDécès de Henry Hermand, le bienfaiteur de MacronNathalie Raulin — 7 November 2016
- 378NewsEmmanuel Macron: Le cerveau droit de HollandeAnne Fulda — 13 December 2012
- 379NewsIn France, a Stark Debate and a Stark Choice4 May 2017
- 380NewsSomething You Didn't Know About Emmanuel Macron: He's A PianistAnastasia Tsioulcas — NPR — 9 May 2017
- 381NewsLa Culture selon Emmanuel Macron. Grand entretien pour classiquenews1 April 2017
- 384NewsEmmanuel Macron: France's political prince eyeing the ElyséeKim Willsher — 9 April 2016
- 385Emmanuel Macron interview (English): Getting "tough" on Brexit14 February 2017
- 386Emmanuel Macron: 'I'm not a naive optimist' BBC News10 April 2017
- 387NewsEmmanuel Macron porte plainte pour "harcèlement"15 August 2017
- 388NewsMacron retire sa plainte contre un photographe15 September 2017
- 389NewsUn nouveau chien à l'Elysée: Nemo, adopté par les Macron à la SPATristan Quinault Maupoil — 28 August 2017
- 391NewsMeeting with Pope puts Macron's religious views in spotlight25 June 2018
- 392Emmanuel Macron: "OM made me dream, cry, vibrate"Lefigaro Fr
- 393News'France were lucky,' Belgian PM tells Macron11 July 2018
- 394NewsControversy, Joy and Politics: 5 Takeaways From the World Cup FinalSiobhan Morrin — 16 July 2018
- 395NewsWhy Emmanuel Macron was wearing sunglasses at Davos World Economic ForumLiana Walker — ABC News — 21 January 2026
- 396'Not a typical day': makers of Macron's sunglasses deluged with demandKim Willsher — 22 January 2026
- 397Macron's 'Top Gun' look gives glasses maker's stock $4 million bump22 January 2026
- 398Pourquoi le président français devient-il chanoine de Latran ?Samuel Laurent et al. — 26 June 2018
- 399Honorary awards2014
- 402En photos, les moments forts de la visite de Macron à Tunis1 February 2018
- 403Modtagere af danske dekorationer12 December 2017
- 405BTS becomes the youngest to receive Order of Cultural Merit9 October 2018
- 409NewsUAE President meets with French Republic President18 July 2022
- 410Twitter
- 416Decreto19 December 2012
- 418Decreto19 December 2012
- 419Olympic Order awarded to French President Emmanuel Macron29 August 2024
- 420Macron s'adressera au Parlement et recevra l'Ordre de SouverainetéMouhamet NDIONGUE — 23 October 2024
- 421EN IMAGES : Emmanuel et Brigitte Macron décorés par le président portugais27 February 2025
- 423Det franske presidentparet får kongelige utmerkelserBastian Lunde Hvitmyhr — 2025-06-24
- 425Macron awarded Order of Glory in Armenia4 May 2026
- 427Zelenskyy meets Macron, awards him Order of Freedom13 July 2026
- 431Westfälischer Friedenspreis für Macron3 March 2023
- 432NewsWill France's young economy minister – with a volunteer army – launch presidential bid?Angelique Chrisafis — 11 July 2016
- 433NewsEmmanuel Macron, un ex-banquier touche-à-tout à BercyFrance 24 — 27 August 2014
- 435NewsEmmanuel Macron, un banquier d'affaires nommé secrétaire général adjoint de l'ElyséeClaire Guélaud — 16 May 2012
- 436Who is the hot new French Economy MinisterRenée Kaplan — 2 September 2014
- 43788 notes pour piano solo, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Neva Editions, 2015, p.193.
- 438Comment l'Europe a pesé sur la loi El KhomriMartine Orange — 12 June 2016
- 440BookMacron ou le mystère du verbe: Ses discours décryptés par la machineDamon Mayaffre — Les éditions de l'Aube — 2021