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Former monarchies of India

  • Mughal EmpireIn 1526, Babur stood at the head of an army that would change the history of South Asia. He arrived from Central Asia with a force equipped with matchlock…
  • Delhi SultanateIn 1192, near the town of Tarain, Muhammad Ghori routed a Rajput Confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan. This battle reversed an earlier defeat and marked the…
  • Sultanate of GolcondaHamadan, Iran, birthplace of Sultan Quli Khawas Khan Hamdani. He migrated to Delhi in the 16th century with his uncle Allah-Quli and a group of relatives.
  • Maurya EmpireIn 321 BCE, a young man named Chandragupta stood at the edge of the Punjab region. He had just witnessed Alexander the Great's army mutiny at the Beas River…
  • Kushan EmpireIn 176 BC, the Yuezhi king was beheaded by the Xiongnu, forcing his people to flee their grasslands in eastern Xinjiang and northwestern Gansu.
  • Maratha EmpireIn 1645, a young Maratha aristocrat named Shivaji seized the fort of Torna from the Sultanate of Bijapur. This single capture marked the beginning of a…
  • Durrani EmpireIn June of that year a loya jirga was called into session. The gathering lasted for nine days near the city of Kandahar.
  • British RajOn the 28th of June 1858, the British government transferred rule over India from the East India Company to Queen Victoria.
  • Pandya dynastyScholars still debate the root of the word Pandya. One theory links it to the ancient Tamil term pandu, meaning old. This suggests the Pandyas viewed their…
  • Kingdom of MysoreIn 1399, two brothers named Yaduraya and Krishnaraya established a small state near the modern city of Mysore. This territory began as a feudal vassal under…