Satoshi Nakamoto published the white paper on the 31st of October 2008. The document titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System appeared on the cryptography mailing list at metzdowd.com.
Analysis indicates Satoshi Nakamoto operated from a western time zone, specifically aligning with Eastern Standard Time during sleep hours. Linguistic clues such as British English spelling and references to London's Times newspaper suggest a location in the UK rather than Japan.
Estimates place Satoshi Nakamoto's holdings between 750,000 and 1,100,000 bitcoin as of 2021. These coins remain untouched since 2010 and were worth nearly $135 billion at the price of more than $123,000 each on the 14th of July 2025.
Judge James Mellor ruled that Craig Steven Wright was not Satoshi Nakamoto during the Crypto Open Patents Association case before the High Court in March 2024. Documents submitted as evidence substantiate Wright's claim were forgeries, leading to a one-year prison sentence suspended for two years on the 19th of December 2024.
Peter Todd served as an early Bitcoin developer and was named in an HBO documentary titled Money Electric: The Bitcoin Mystery as allegedly being Satoshi Nakamoto. He denied the accusation calling it ludicrous and criticized the director for resorting to QAnon style coincidence-based conspiracy thinking.