Rohingya genocide
The Rohingya genocide is the name given to a series of persecutions and killings of Myanmar's Muslim Rohingya people by the Tatmadaw, the country's armed forces. The United Nations has called the Rohingya "amongst the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities". The violence has come in two phases so far. The first was a military crackdown from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has continued since August 2017. Together they forced more than a million people to flee. Most went to Bangladesh, where the world's largest refugee camp took shape. Others reached India, Thailand, Malaysia and elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia. Several countries consider these events ethnic cleansing. Myanmar's government has dismissed the findings as "exaggerations". This documentary asks who the Rohingya are and why their own country refuses them citizenship. It asks what happened in the villages of Rakhine State, in the northwest, and who stands accused. It follows the survivors across the border, and it asks what courts and governments have done since.
In 1982, Myanmar enacted a nationality law that officially denied the Rohingya Burmese citizenship. The law only formalised discrimination that already existed. Amnesty International notes that the Rohingya suffered abuses under past military dictatorships from 1978, and many fled to Bangladesh as a result. Rohingya are denied the right to move freely and the right to a higher education. They cannot travel without official permission. At one time they had to sign a commitment not to have more than two children, although this was not strictly enforced. Forced labour is routine. A Rohingya man typically gives up one day a week to military or government projects and one night a week to sentry duty. The Rohingya have also lost much of their arable land to the military, which later distributed it to Buddhist settlers from other parts of Myanmar.
About 2 million Buddhist Rakhine live in Rakhine State, roughly 4 percent of Myanmar's population. The Rohingya number about 1 million, around 2 percent, and are predominantly Muslim. Across the whole country, 88 to 90 percent of people are Buddhist and about 4 percent are Muslim. The Rohingya have their own language and culture. Tensions between Buddhist and Muslim communities have often turned violent in Rakhine, with nationalist Buddhists frequently targeting the Rohingya.
By 1869, after four decades of British rule, Muslim settlers made up 5 percent of Arakan's population. Where the Rohingya came from is disputed. The East India Company extended the Bengal Presidency to Arakan, and there was no international boundary or migration restriction between Bengal and Arakan. In the early 19th century, thousands of Bengalis from the Chittagong region settled there seeking work. The Rohingya themselves claim descent from Arab traders who settled the region many generations ago. Some scholars say a few Rohingya trace their ancestry to Muslims living in Arakan in the 15th and 16th centuries, but that most arrived under British rule. Gutman, in 1976, and Ibrahim, in 2016, argue that the Muslim population predates the arrival of the ethnic Rakhine in the 9th to 10th centuries. Myanmar's government considers the Rohingya illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.
Democracy came to Myanmar only in 2011, when the military made an arrangement with the opposition. A free election followed on the 8th of November 2015. Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who had spent years under house arrest, became State Counsellor.
In 2012, communal conflict in Rakhine State killed nearly 200 Rohingya and displaced 140,000 people. By 2015, that many Rohingya were still living in camps for internally displaced persons. That year the Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic at Yale Law School spent eight months analysing the persecution and found "strong evidence that genocide is being committed against Rohingya." The United States State Department's Atrocities Prevention Report of the 17th of March 2016 called the situation in Rakhine "grim". It cited a World Bank poverty rate of 78 per cent, the highest in Burma.
On the 9th of October 2016, according to Myanmar state reports, armed individuals attacked several border police posts, mainly in Maungdaw Township. Nine police personnel died, and weapons and ammunition were looted. A week later, a newly formed insurgent group called Harakah al-Yaqin claimed responsibility. The Burmese military then began a major crackdown in the villages of northern Rakhine. Dozens were killed in the first operation. Media reports said hundreds of Rohingya had died by December 2016.
In late November, Human Rights Watch released satellite images showing about 1,250 Rohingya houses burned in five villages. During one incident that month, the military used helicopter gunships to shoot villagers. Boats carrying Rohingya across the Naf River were often gunned down. Myanmar did not let media or rights groups into the affected areas, and Rakhine State was termed an "information black hole". Exact casualty figures therefore remained unknown.
On the 3rd of February 2017, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights released a report based on interviews with more than 200 Rohingya refugees. Nearly half said family members had been killed. Half of the women said they had been raped or sexually assaulted, and the report called the sexual violence "massive and systematic". In March 2017, a police document obtained by Reuters listed 423 Rohingya detained since the 9th of October 2016. Thirteen were children, and the youngest was ten. The ages ran up to 75.
The first sign of any official accountability came in January 2017. Authorities detained at least four police officers after a video emerged of security forces beating Rohingya men and boys who had been forced to sit in rows with their hands behind their heads.
Around 1:00 AM on the 25th of August 2017, according to the Myanmar Army, insurgents with bombs, small arms and machetes blew up a bridge. The government said up to 150 insurgents hit 24 police posts and the 552nd Light Infantry Battalion base. It counted 71 dead overnight: one soldier, one immigration officer, ten policemen and 59 insurgents. The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, known as ARSA, said it was taking "defensive actions" in 25 locations. It accused government soldiers of raping and killing civilians.
The military answered with what reports describe as a "heavy counter-offensive" and "clearance operations", assisted by Buddhist militia. At least 130 Rohingya were killed in the first week. By the second week, at least 1,000 had died. Estimates for the first month alone, from the 25th of August to the 24th of September 2017, reached at least 6,700 to 7,000 dead, including 730 children. Most died from gunshots, and others were burned in their homes.
A study conducted in January 2018 surveyed 3,321 Rohingya refugee households in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Extrapolating from them, it estimated that the military and local Buddhists had killed more than 24,000 Rohingya. It estimated that more than 18,000 women and girls were raped, 116,000 people beaten, and 36,000 thrown into fires.
On the 2nd of September 2017, soldiers and Buddhist villagers who formed an "informal militia" killed ten Rohingya men in Inn Din village. The men were taken from hundreds of villagers who had gathered near a beach seeking safety. Reuters identified all ten: five fishermen, two shopkeepers, an Islamic teacher and two high school students. Buddhist villagers later confessed to Reuters that they burned Rohingya houses with kerosene. Soldiers and police also looted property, including goats, cattle and motorcycles. Elsewhere, The Guardian reported a mass killing at Tula Toli village on the 7th of September 2017, and Chris Lewa of the Arakan Project received reports of 130 killed in Chut Pyin.
The United Nations fact-finding mission reported in September 2018 that at least 392 Rohingya villages in Rakhine had been razed since the 25th of August 2017. Human Rights Watch had counted 354 destroyed villages by December 2017.
In November 2017, UN officials and Human Rights Watch reported widespread gang rape and sexual violence against Rohingya women and girls over the previous three months. Pramila Patten, the UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict, said they were "systematic" targets because of their ethnic identity and religion. Reported abuses also included sexual slavery in military captivity and forced public nudity.
Not all the violence reported came from the military. Amnesty International said ARSA killed up to 99 Hindus in August 2017. Radio Free Asia reported more than 1,200 Hindus fleeing to camps in Maungdaw and Sittwe. ARSA has also been blamed for killing fellow Rohingya in Bangladeshi camps.
A UN report released on the 11th of October 2017 described a "systematic" strategy to drive out hundreds of thousands of Rohingya. It included detaining men aged 15 to 40, arresting Rohingya leaders, cutting off access to food and livelihoods, and declaring the Rohingya "Bengalis and illegal settlers". The report said this began in early August 2017, weeks before the attacks of the 25th.
A report published in March 2024 by the IIMM said the military had acted in a "systematic and coordinated" manner. It used dozens of seemingly unrelated Facebook pages to spread material "designed to instill fear and hatred of the Rohingya minority" before the attacks of 2017.
In 2014, the editor in chief of the Myanmar Times sent his team a memo saying no material about the Rohingya, Bengalis, Muslims and Buddhists or the issues in Rakhine could run "without direct approval from my desk". In 2015, Irrawaddy founder Aung Zaw said Burmese editors told reporters to use caution or ignore the Rohingya issue. Rohingya known to have spoken to UN Special Rapporteurs or journalists have been arrested or beaten.
On the 12th of December 2017, near Rangoon, police charged two Reuters journalists who had been covering the refugee story. They were accused of violating a 1923 colonial law on secrecy. A Myanmar court denied bail on the 1st of February 2018. UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for their release. They went free on the 7th of May 2019, in a presidential pardon that also covered more than 6,000 other prisoners.
In February 2018, reports said the Burmese military had bulldozed burnt Rohingya villages and mass graves to destroy evidence. Some intact villages emptied of Rohingya were flattened too.
But records were being kept. The Arakan Rohingya Society for Peace and Human Rights was founded by the Rohingya activist Mohibullah, who was later killed. Its founding members fled to Cox's Bazar and began documenting atrocities in August 2017. They went door to door through the camp, recording how many people in each household had been killed, injured or raped, and which houses had burned. Their records now include accounts from over 3,000 witnesses.
By September 2018, UN reports said more than 700,000 people had fled or been driven out of Rakhine State and taken shelter in Bangladesh. It was the largest human exodus in Asia since the Vietnam War. Between October 2016 and January 2017, around 65,000 people had crossed into Bangladesh, and 23,000 others were displaced inside Myanmar.
Bhasan Char is a sedimentary island in the Bay of Bengal, formed around 2007 from silt washed down by the Meghna River. In February 2017, Bangladesh announced a plan to relocate the new refugees there, along with 232,000 already in the country. The nearest inhabited land, Hatiya Island, is around 30 km away. One regional official called the plan "terrible". Human rights groups described it as forced relocation and warned that the island is low-lying and prone to flooding. It has been described as "only accessible during winter and a haven for pirates". Bangladesh authorities have been accused of beating Rohingya who try to flee or protest.
The Kutupalong camp in Cox's Bazar was found in 2018 to be the largest refugee camp, using 1,328 acres of forest land. To build temporary housing, 3,713 acres were cut from the Ukhia, Whykong and Teknaf forest ranges. Demand for cooking fuel drives further forest loss. Kutupalong's expansion encroached on the migration route of the endangered Asian elephant. The area is vulnerable to extreme rainfall, landslides, flash floods and tropical cyclones, and the camps generate over 100 tons of disposable waste each month. Inside Rakhine, more than 90% of villages were partly or entirely destroyed by fire.
On the 14th of August 2017, India announced it was deporting an estimated 40,000 Rohingya, including 14,000 registered with the UN refugee agency. In August 2017, Thailand said it was "preparing to receive" refugees. In September 2017, Nepal increased surveillance on its border with India. In April 2017, Sri Lanka detained an Indian boat carrying 32 Rohingya.
In November 2017, Bangladesh and Myanmar signed a pact to return refugees to Rakhine. It followed a meeting between Aung San Suu Kyi and Bangladesh's foreign minister, Abul Hassan Mahmud Ali. Aid groups met it with hesitation. In June 2018, the UNDP and UNHCR signed a memorandum with Myanmar on return. On the 13th of November 2018, a plan to repatriate an initial 2,200 Rohingya was abandoned after the refugees protested. In August 2022, Bangladesh's Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina asked refugees to return, while the UN insisted any return be voluntary and dignified.
In August 2025, Bangladesh's Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus said his country could no longer allocate additional resources for its 1.3 million Rohingya refugees. On the anniversary of the 2017 exodus, tens of thousands protested in the Cox's Bazar camps. Their banners read "No more refugee life," "Stop Genocide," and "Repatriation the ultimate solution."
On the 12th of September 2018, the OHCHR Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar reported to the UN Human Rights Council after 875 interviews. It accused the Tatmadaw of crimes against humanity, genocide and ethnic cleansing. It recommended that six Burmese generals stand trial before an international tribunal. The report also turned on the UN itself. Five successive Special Rapporteurs had been appointed since 1992, yet it said the UN as a whole "has failed adequately to address human rights concerns in Myanmar". A BBC investigation in September 2017 reported that UN officials had blocked activists from travelling to Rohingya areas to promote investment.
In late September 2017, a seven-member Permanent Peoples' Tribunal met for five days at the University of Malaya. It found Myanmar's military and authorities guilty of genocide against the Rohingya and the Kachin minority, and it made 17 recommendations. The UN human rights chief, Zeid Raad Al Hussein, called the persecution "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing". Britain's Theresa May and America's Rex Tillerson used the words ethnic cleansing, while France's Emmanuel Macron called it genocide. Earlier, Malaysia's Najib Razak had described the persecution as "genocide", and Malaysia cancelled two football matches with Myanmar.
Aung San Suu Kyi drew criticism for her silence and for failing to restrain the military. She answered, "show me a country without human rights issues." She lost the Freedom of Oxford award over what the city called "inaction". Malala Yousafzai and Desmond Tutu, fellow Nobel Peace Prize laureates, pressed her to act. Others argued that the military's autonomy left her powerless to control it.
On the 11th of November 2019, The Gambia, backed by the 57 nations of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation, sued Myanmar at the International Court of Justice. Suu Kyi personally led Myanmar's legal team at hearings on the 10th to the 12th of December 2019. On the 23rd of January 2020, the court ordered Myanmar to prevent genocidal violence and preserve evidence. It did not rule on whether genocide had occurred. In April 2020, Myanmar issued two presidential directives, Directive No. 1/2020 and Directive No. 2/2020, to prevent genocidal acts and preserve evidence.
On the 14th of November 2019, the International Criminal Court authorised a full investigation. Myanmar is not a signatory to the Rome Statute, but Bangladesh is, and many Rohingya fled there. In November 2024, ICC prosecutor Karim Ahmad Khan requested an arrest warrant for Min Aung Hlaing over crimes against humanity.
On the 13th of November 2019, the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK filed a case in Buenos Aires under universal jurisdiction. That principle lets any state prosecute certain grave crimes wherever they occurred. An Argentine prosecutor gathered evidence and held a hearing in 2023. On the 14th of February 2025, the court issued arrest warrants for Min Aung Hlaing, former president Htin Kyaw and Suu Kyi. The same organisation later asked the court to add two Arakan Army leaders, Twan Mrat Naing and Nyo Twan Awng, to the list.
On the 9th of March 2024, a Myanmar Police Force artillery shell struck the Aung Mingalar district of Sittwe. Five Rohingya were killed, and ten more, including children, were seriously injured. That year, fighting between the Arakan Army and the Tatmadaw spread across northern Rakhine State. The Arakan Army has since been accused of war crimes against the Rohingya, especially around Maungdaw and Buthidaung. By May 2024, the UN estimated that approximately 45,000 Rohingya had fled the fighting toward the Bangladesh border.
On the 5th of August 2024, the Arakan Army reportedly attacked Rohingya civilians in Maungdaw Township with drones and artillery along the Naf River, killing 221. The Rohingya news group Kaladan Press said a large gathering of RSO fighters near the site may have triggered the attack. An earlier investigation by Human Rights Watch found that, in May 2024, the Arakan Army killed at least 170 Rohingya villagers in Hoyyar Siri, in Buthidaung Township.
On the 3rd of August 2025, the Arakan Rohingya National Council published photos of human remains. It said they came from a massacre of at least 600 Rohingya in Htan Shauk Khan village on the 2nd of May 2024. Khaing Thu Kha denied Arakan Army responsibility, calling it a smear campaign and saying the remains belonged to Tatmadaw soldiers and Muslim conscripts. The Tatmadaw's spokesperson, Zaw Min Tun, said no soldiers had been in the area. Former Arakan National Party representative Aung Thaung Shwe replied that the village was close to the 551st battalion base, where heavy fighting had occurred.
Since the 10th of February 2024, the Tatmadaw has reportedly conscripted Rohingya men aged 18 to 35, though the law applies only to citizens. They receive 14 days of basic training and promises of ID cards, a bag of rice and a monthly salary of US$41. Those who refuse are fined half a million kyats. Activists warned the conscripts would be used as human shields, and Aung Kyaw Moe said close to 100 were killed in Sittwe. Many who dodged the draft said they would rather join the Arakan Army.
Human rights organisations accuse the Arakan Army of forced displacement, arbitrary detention and targeting civilians. In January 2025, reports said it forced Rohingya out of their homes in Buthidaung and left them without food or water for a day during interrogations. By 2025, further allegations said it charged Rohingya two to ten thousand kyat to travel between villages or visit markets. Some alleged it facilitated departures to Bangladesh for 300,000 to 500,000 kyat. The Arakan Army denies forcing Rohingya into its ranks and says it provides security and aid to displaced Muslims.
On the 14th of May 2026, the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK alleged a rise in sexual violence against Rohingya women and girls in Arakan Army areas. It said more than 150,000 Rohingya have fled to Bangladesh since late 2023. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees has described the Andaman Sea, where many make the crossing, as an "unmarked grave" for Rohingya refugees.
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Common questions
What is the Rohingya genocide?
The Rohingya genocide is a series of persecutions and killings of Myanmar's Muslim Rohingya people by the Tatmadaw, the armed forces of Myanmar. It has had two phases so far, a crackdown from October 2016 to January 2017 and a second phase since August 2017.
Why are the Rohingya denied citizenship in Myanmar?
The Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the nationality law of 1982. Myanmar's government considers them illegal immigrants from Bangladesh, although the Rohingya claim a long historical connection to Rakhine State.
How many Rohingya have fled Myanmar because of the genocide?
More than a million Rohingya have been forced to flee, most of them to Bangladesh. UN reports said more than 700,000 had fled Rakhine State by September 2018, and Bangladesh reported 1.3 million Rohingya refugees in August 2025.
What happened on the 25th of August 2017 in Rakhine State?
Attacks on 24 police posts and an army base were followed by a military campaign called clearance operations. At least 6,700 Rohingya were killed in the first month, from the 25th of August to the 24th of September 2017.
What did the International Court of Justice order in the Rohingya genocide case?
On the 23rd of January 2020, the International Court of Justice ordered Myanmar to prevent genocidal violence against the Rohingya and to preserve evidence of past attacks. The case was filed on the 11th of November 2019 by The Gambia, and the court made no ruling on whether Myanmar was responsible for genocide.
Who has been accused of crimes against the Rohingya since 2024?
The Arakan Army has been accused of war crimes against the Rohingya since 2024, including attacks around Maungdaw and Buthidaung. The Arakan Army denies forcing Rohingya into its ranks, and the Htan Shauk Khan allegations have been denied by its representatives.
Were arrest warrants issued over the Rohingya genocide?
On the 14th of February 2025, a court in Buenos Aires issued arrest warrants for Min Aung Hlaing, Htin Kyaw and Aung San Suu Kyi on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity. In November 2024, the International Criminal Court prosecutor requested a separate warrant for Min Aung Hlaing.
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- 182Got a very alarming messageAung Kyaw Moe — 13 March 2024
- 183UpdatesAung Kyaw Moe — 13 March 2024
- 184Video Shows Rohingya Forcibly Recruited Into Myanmar MilitaryIngyin Naing — Voice of America — 14 March 2024
- 187NewsMyanmar: Humanitarian Bulletin, Issue 4, October 2016 – January 201730 January 2017
- 188NewsMyanmar bars U.N. rights investigator before visitTom Miles — 20 December 2017
- 189NewsChina and Russia oppose UN resolution on Rohingya24 December 2017
- 192NewsRohingya refugees in Bangladesh face relocation to island30 January 2017
- 193NewsBangladesh Rohingya relocation plan to prevent 'intermingling'1 February 2017
- 195Bangladesh challenges NGO report of intimidation against Rohingya1 February 2022
- 196NewsRohingya accuse Bangladesh officers of abuse over hunger strike8 October 2020
- 197NewsThe Rohingya refugees trapped on a remote island miles from land28 May 2021
- 198Myanmar, Bangladesh Announce Tentative Deal To Repatriate Rohingya RefugeesScott Neuman — 23 November 2017
- 200NewsBangladesh runs out of resources for Rohingya refugeesRuma Paul — 2025-08-25
- 204NewsIndia says to deport all Rohingya regardless of U.N. registration14 August 2017
- 206NewsMyanmar signs pact with Bangladesh over Rohingya repatriationOliver Holmes — 23 November 2017
- 207NewsThousands of Rohingya flee to Bangladesh from violence in Myanmar, official saysRuma Paul — 4 September 2024
- 209NewsMyanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity'Oliver Holmes — 19 December 2016
- 210Amnesty accuses Myanmar military of 'crimes against humanity'19 December 2016
- 211NewsKofi Annan, in Myanmar, Voices Concern Over Reported Abuses of Rohingya6 December 2016
- 213NewsMalaysia PM urges world to act against 'genocide' of Myanmar's Rohingya4 December 2016
- 214NewsMalaysia condemns violence against Rohingya Muslims in Burma as 'ethnic cleansing'Harriet Agerholm — 3 December 2016
- 215NewsFootball: Malaysia cancels two matches with Myanmar over Rohingya crackdown1 December 2016
- 216NewsB'desh asks Myanmar to take up cause of Rohingya Muslims24 November 2016
- 217UN condemns Myanmar over plight of Rohingya16 December 2016
- 218NewsMyanmar army rejects UN Rohingya abuse claims23 May 2017
- 219Burma Campaign UK, Joint Appeal to the UN Security Council to Act on Myanmar's Rohingya Crisis (11 December 2017) (Retrieved 8 December 2018).
- 221NewsJapan Backs Myanmar's Claim That No Genocide Occurred in Rakhine StateNan Lwin — 27 December 2019
- 222Shadows of Support: Japan's Ties with Burma's Military JuntaLisa Schmidt et al. — 19 January 2024
- 223UNHCR, Japan sign $2.9m deal for Rohingya support15 June 2023
- 224BookCountdown to Annihilation: Genocide in MyanmarPenny Green et al. — International State Crime Initiative — 2015
- 225Your U.S. Tax Dollars Could Be Funding Anti-Rohingya News CoveragePriscilla Totiyapungprasert — 2017-11-17
- 226The Irrawaddy's fake story fuels anti-Rohingya feelingsJacob Goldberg — 2017-10-17
- 228How Stateless Rohingya Struggle To Find Livelihood & Assistance In IndiaShreehari Paliath — 14 March 2022
- 230NewsBurmese generals should stand trial for atrocities against the Rohingya30 August 2018
- 231Argentine court hears allegations of genocide against Myanmar leadersCarlos G Hamann — 2023-06-07
- 234Why ASEAN Can't Ignore the Rohingya CrisisJera Lego
- 235Ibrahim, Azeem. "The Return to Democracy (2008–2015)." The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar's Hidden Genocide. London, England: Hurst, 2016. 75. Print.
- 237NewsA state-led massacre triggers an exodus of Rohingyas from Myanmar9 September 2017
- 238NewsGambia files Rohingya genocide case against Myanmar at UN courtNovember 2019
- 240NewsThe Gambia files genocide case against Myanmar11 November 2019
- 241NewsICC approves probe into Myanmar's alleged crimes against RohingyaNovember 2019
- 242NewsSuu Kyi to contest Rohingya genocide case at world court20 November 2019
- 243NewsAung San Suu Kyi to defend Myanmar in genocide caseTara John — 20 November 2019
- 244NewsSuu Kyi to defend Myanmar against genocide accusation at UN courtNovember 2019
- 249NewsWhy a tiny African country is taking the Rohingya's case to the world courtDanielle Paquette — 12 November 2019
- 250Arrest warrant sought for Myanmar Commander-in-Chief for Rohingya crimesUnited Nations — 2024-11-27
- 251Min Aung Hlaing: Myanmar leader faces ICC arrest warrantJonathan Head et al. — BBC News — 2024-11-27
- 255Rohingya crisis sparks Muslim protests in Asian capitalsChannel NewsAsia — 25 November 2016
- 256Protests across Asia over Myanmar's treatment of Rohingya Muslims – CNNFarid Ahmed — CNN — 9 September 2017
- 257Rohingya in Australia hold protest to call for action over Myanmar violenceSacha Payne — SBS — 29 April 2015
- 258NewsMJC to lead march in protest against Myanmar violenceShamiela Fisher
- 259People gather in Washington to protest persecution of Rohingya Muslims – Middle East MonitorMiddleeastmonitor.com — 7 September 2017
- 260Pro-Rohingya protests in Jammu and Kashmir: Protesters in Anantnag torch police vehicle, two cops injuredFirstpost.com — 8 September 2017
- 261Hong Kong protest against Rohingya persecution to urge help for Myanmar Muslim minoritySouth China Morning Post — 8 September 2017
- 262রোহিঙ্গাদের স্বাধীন রাষ্ট্রের দাবিতে ঢাকায় 'মার্চ ফর আরাকান'25 August 2025
- 264IFRC and ICRC, Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations in Disaster Relief (1994) (Retrieved 8 December 2018).
- 265Sara Perria, "The Unmaking of Myanmar" (21 September 2017) OpenCanada.Org (Retrieved 8 December 2018).
- 266Adam Withnall, "Rohingya crisis: Myanmar rejects UN report on genocide after denying investigators access to sites"(29 August 2018) The Independent (Retrieved 8 December 2018).
- 267Jonah Fisher, "UN failures on Rohingya revealed" (28 September 2017) BBC News (Retrieved 8 December 2018).
- 268Caroline Gluck, "UN agencies and Myanmar ink agreement, setting the stage for Rohingya return" (6 June 2018) UN News (Retrieved 8 December 2018).
- 269Susannah Savage, "Rohingya refugees say they would 'rather die' than be sent back to Burma, as repatriation plans are 'stalled until 2019'" (18 November 2018) The Telegraph (Retrieved 8 December 2018)
- 270NewsYanghee Lee: Rohingya Crimes in Myanmar Bear Hallmarks of Genocide12 March 2018
- 271NewsDowning Street says Burma's treatment of Rohingya Muslims looks like 'ethnic cleansing'Joe Watts, Caroline Mortimer — 13 November 2017
- 272Efforts To Address Burma's Rakhine State CrisisRex W. Tillerson — U.S. State Department — 22 November 2017
- 273NewsFrench President labels attacks on Rohingya minority as 'genocide'20 September 2017
- 274'Caged Without A Roof': Apartheid in Myanmar's Rakhine StateAmnesty International — 21 November 2017
- 275Apartheid in Myanmar: Rohingya Muslims Trapped In 'Open-Air Prison,' Amnesty SaysJesselyn Cook — 11 November 2017
- 276NewsAung San Suu Kyi stripped of Freedom of Oxford27 November 2017
- 277NewsDesmond Tutu condemns Aung San Suu Kyi: 'Silence is too high a price'Naaman Zhou et al. — 8 September 2017
- 278NewsAung San Suu Kyi and her foreign admirers must help the Rohingyas8 September 2017
- 279JournalThe sustainability–peace nexus in crisis contexts: how the Rohingya escaped the ethnic violence in Myanmar, but are trapped into environmental challenges in BangladeshSaleh Ahmed et al. — July 2021
- 280JournalSatellite analysis of the environmental impacts of armed-conflict in Rakhine, MyanmarThiri Shwesin Aung — 2021-08-10
- 281JournalEnvironmental responsibility and Rohingya refugees: potential grounds for justiceLeonard Hammer et al. — 2020-12-01
- 282JournalSpatiotemporal changes of vegetation and land surface temperature in the refugee camps and its surrounding areas of Bangladesh after the Rohingya influx from MyanmarKazi Jihadur Rashid et al. — March 2021
- 283JournalRohingya refugees and the environmentSharif A. Mukul et al. — 2019-04-12