2025 Pahalgam attack
The 2025 Pahalgam attack took place in the Baisaran Valley, a meadow in Indian-administered Kashmir about 7 km from the town of Pahalgam, in Anantnag district. The meadow is roughly 200 metres wide and 800 metres long. Dense pine forest closes it in on every side, and visitors can reach it only on foot or on horseback. On the 22nd of April 2025, armed men came out of those trees into a crowd of holidaymakers. By the end of the afternoon, 26 civilians were dead. The questions that followed reached far beyond the meadow. Who were the gunmen, and why did they ask their victims who they were? Who claimed the killings, and why was that claim withdrawn? How did a massacre in a mountain pasture push India and Pakistan into open military conflict within weeks? And what did it do to the people of Kashmir itself?
The men who stepped out of the pine forest wore military-style uniforms and carried M4 carbines and AK-47s. One of them wore a Kashmiri pheran. They had modern communication equipment and cameras mounted on their gear, and an eyewitness said they stopped to take selfies. Accounts of how many attackers there were range from two to seven. Officials later spoke of three, but the exact number was never established. The assault began somewhere between about 13:00 and 14:45.
A 7-foot chain-link fence surrounds the meadow, with two gates for entry and exit. The first shots were fired near the exit gate. That herded tourists toward the entry gate, where more attackers were waiting. Some people found gaps in the fence and slipped out, and some were shot outside the boundary. Others who could not climb were helped over by fellow tourists. Many scattered and hid wherever they could, including behind the mobile toilets.
Several people left a record of the afternoon. A local photographer and videographer climbed a tree and kept filming from its branches. A tourist from Ahmedabad was ziplining and inadvertently captured panicked scenes, with injured victims pleading for help and bodies on the ground. A tourist from Kozhikode, waiting for a turn on the zipline, recorded a second video, time-stamped 14:25. Once he understood what was happening, he climbed the fence and ran downhill.
An army officer on holiday directed 35-40 tourists to safety. During the attack he still managed to call the local army unit and Army Headquarters in Srinagar. A local Muslim pony operator named Syed Adil Hussain Shah reportedly tried to wrestle a gun from one of the attackers and was shot dead. When the killing ended, the attackers fired shots into the air, perhaps as a warning and perhaps in celebration.
The questions the gunmen put to their victims before firing would become the most discussed detail of the day.
Shubham Dwivedi of Kanpur was the first tourist shot. He was newly married and visiting Kashmir with his wife. According to accounts of the attack, the militants approached the couple and asked, "Are you a Hindu or a Muslim?" Dwivedi answered, "We are Hindus", and was shot point-blank in the head.
The attackers asked for names and religions, and they separated Hindu men from Muslim men. Some tourists were ordered to recite the kalima, the Islamic declaration of faith, so the gunmen could pick out non-Muslims. Some were asked to show ID cards.
Vinay Narwal, a lieutenant in the Indian Navy from Haryana, had come to Pahalgam six days after his wedding. In a widely shared video, his wife says, "a man suddenly came and said he's not Muslim... then shot him." He was hit by three bullets, in the neck, chest and thighs.
The daughter of a Hindu tourist from Pune recalled that her father was told to recite an Islamic verse. When he failed, he was shot three times. The wife of a victim from Andhra Pradesh told the state's deputy chief minister, Pawan Kalyan, that she and her husband lay on the ground. The attackers twice asked, "Hindu hai, muslim hai?" When the couple did not answer, her husband was shot dead.
The kalima decided who lived in at least two cases. A Bengali Hindu professor from Assam hid his identity by reciting it and escaped. A Christian man from Madhya Pradesh could not recite it and was shot dead. The militants told some Hindu women they had been spared so that they could describe the killing of their men to Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Indian newspapers later published the full list of victims with their home states. Twenty-five of the dead were tourists and one was a local person from Jammu and Kashmir. At least 20 others were injured. A list verified by local officials first showed 25 Hindus among the dead, and one of them was later identified as a Christian. Twenty-four of the tourists came from Indian states and one from Nepal. Maharashtra lost the most people, with six deaths. Witnesses said most of the victims were men.
The dead included three government officials: recently married officers of the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy, and an official of the Intelligence Bureau. It was the deadliest attack on civilians in India since the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
Members of the local pony-handlers association rescued 11 injured tourists on ponies and improvised stretchers. Nazakat Ahmad Ali Shah, a woollen clothes trader and tourist guide, also saved eleven people. He first took two children to the town of Pahalgam, then escorted the rest of the group to safety. One of those he helped was the daughter of a BJP leader. He was the cousin of Syed Adil Hussain Shah, the pony operator who died trying to protect tourists.
Help from the state came slowly because of the terrain. The nearest CRPF base lies 4-5 kilometres from the meadow, along a muddy, rocky track that takes 40-45 minutes to walk. Pony operators informed the CRPF commanding officer. Twenty-five CRPF personnel reached the valley at around 14:30 as first responders, and a police team followed. The first phone call to the police control room came at 14:45.
At around 16:30, two critically injured victims reached the district hospital in Anantnag. Others went to nearby medical centres, and the most serious cases were airlifted by helicopter to a military hospital in Srinagar. A helpline was set up for affected tourists. Gurudwaras in Kashmir opened their doors to tourists fleeing the valley in fear, many of them heading toward cities and airports.
The Indian Army, paramilitary forces and Jammu and Kashmir Police launched a joint cordon and search operation. Pahalgam was placed under a temporary lockdown, and army helicopters searched for the militants, who reportedly fled toward the upper reaches of the Pir Panjal range. On the 24th of April, an Indian soldier was killed and two others wounded in a gunfight with insurgents in the Basantgarh area of Udhampur.
The government later admitted a security lapse. Baisaran Valley had been opened to tourists two months ahead of schedule without notifying the security forces, and no security personnel were at the site on the day of the attack.
The Jammu and Kashmir insurgency began in the late 1980s as part of the wider Kashmir conflict. Scholarly literature documents Pakistan's role in launching it and in turning it into an Islamist militancy. The violence drove an exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, and massacres of Hindu civilians became frequent in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
In 2019, the Indian government revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir and extended the Constitution of India to the state in full. Non-locals could now buy property and settle there, and residents who had not qualified as state subjects received domicile status, opening up jobs and college seats. Some feared a change in the region's demographics. Supporters of the change argued the old system was discriminatory. Kashmiris could settle anywhere in India, while outsiders were barred from permanent residency, property and government jobs. They added that women who married non-permanent residents lost their property rights.
After the revocation, a new group called The Resistance Front, or TRF, appeared. It is believed to be sponsored by Lashkar-e-Taiba, formed from cadres of that group and of Hizbul Mujahideen in Kashmir, and it has attacked Hindu minority communities. India designates it a terrorist organisation, and the United States did the same on the 17th of July 2025. Before 2025, the largest recent attacks in the region were the 2016 Uri attack and the 2019 Pulwama attack. India blamed Pakistan-based militants for both and carried out retaliatory strikes.
In the weeks before Pahalgam, India obtained the extradition of Tahawwur Rana, a former Pakistan Army officer linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba and convicted in the United States of supporting the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Pakistan Army chief Asim Munir also gave a speech calling Kashmir "our jugular vein". India has long alleged that Pakistan backs groups like TRF. Pakistan denies it, saying it offers the Kashmiri people only "diplomatic and moral support".
TRF claimed responsibility on the day of the attack and again the next day. On Telegram it opposed the granting of domicile certificates to outsiders, writing: "These non-locals arrive posing as tourists, obtain domiciles, and then begin to act as if they own the land. Consequently, violence will be directed toward those attempting to settle illegally." It also published a photo of the attack site. Earlier statements and killings fit the same pattern. In June 2020 it warned that any Indian settling in Kashmir would be treated as an agent of the RSS. In December 2020 it killed a 70-year-old goldsmith who had lived in Kashmir for close to 50 years. In October 2021, seven civilians died in a single week, including two school teachers and a pharmacist.
On the 26th of April, TRF retracted its claim, calling the original statement a communications breach. It accused Indian intelligence operatives of involvement and said it was running its own investigation. Max Abrahms, a political-science professor and terrorism expert, wrote that TRF did carry out the attack. He noted his earlier research showing that groups often deny attacks that kill civilians once public opinion turns against them or a military response looks likely.
On the 7th of May 2025, India's foreign secretary Vikram Misri said the aim of the attack was to inflame communal violence in India and to damage the economy by striking at tourism.
Within days, the Jammu and Kashmir police released sketches of four suspects. They described two as Pakistani infiltrators and two as local residents who allegedly helped them. The National Investigation Agency, or NIA, later said those sketches were wrong. The agency reached the site on the 23rd of April and formally took over the case on the 27th of April, registering it under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. Police had already announced a bounty on each person responsible.
The dragnet was wide. Authorities questioned more than 2,800 people, took more than 150 into custody, and demolished the family homes of at least 10 suspected militants. Mehbooba Mufti, a former chief minister, said locals were held for hours and sometimes a whole day without food. She called it collective punishment and warned that it would breed resentment and mistrust.
A preliminary NIA report concluded that the attack followed directives from senior operatives of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence. Investigators said at least 15 locals helped, and that the attackers belonged to a TRF unit called the "Falcon Squad". On the 22nd of June 2025, the agency detained Parvaiz Ahmad Jothar and Bashir Ahmad Jothar. It accused them of sheltering the attackers on the 21st of April in a hut about 2 km from the meadow.
Operation Mahadev took its name from Mount Mahadev, the highest peak of the Zabarwan range near Srinagar. According to the Indian account, it began on the day of the attack, with orders to stop the attackers from escaping to Pakistan. A satellite phone, monitored since the 22nd of April, made an unusual call on the 26th of July. That helped narrow the search to a 4 square kilometre stretch of Harwan forest.
On the 28th of July 2025, security forces from the CRPF, the Jammu and Kashmir Police and the army killed three men near Mahadev Ridge in Dachigam. A drone gathered visuals at 8:00, and Rashtriya Rifles and Para Special Forces personnel climbed the hill. Shots were fired about three hours later, after the men were visually identified. Searchers recovered rifles, an M4 carbine, ammunition, mobile phones, a GoPro body camera harness, a 28-watt solar charger, a Swiss military power bank, dry food, tea and two Aadhaar cards belonging to local residents. Forensic tests later matched striation patterns on the recovered rifles to cartridge casings found in Baisaran Valley.
Home Minister Amit Shah told Parliament the three were Pakistani. Indian officials pointed to Pakistani voter ID slips, Pakistan-made chocolates and biometric data on a micro-SD card. Pakistan's foreign ministry dismissed the allegations as "replete with fabrications". The Wire questioned the chocolates, since an official had said the men entered India years earlier. Reported aliases for the three vary between accounts.
On the 24th of September, Srinagar Police arrested Mohammad Yousuf Kataria, a 26-year-old seasonal teacher from Kulgam. Police said he had supplied equipment and logistical support to the attackers, and forensic examination of a phone charger proved vital to the arrest. In December 2025, the NIA filed a 1,597-page charge sheet in a special court in Jammu, after an eight-month investigation. It named Lashkar-e-Taiba, TRF and six individuals, including the three men killed in July, who were charged posthumously.
Pakistan proposed a neutral, independent investigation and was backed by Turkey, China, Malaysia's Anwar Ibrahim, Switzerland and Greece. India rejected the idea. In India, Supreme Court justice Surya Kant turned down a petition seeking a judicial inquiry, saying the court decides disputes rather than conducting investigations. Separately, journalists at ThePrint reported that demand for high-resolution satellite imagery of the Pahalgam area surged at the firm Maxar two months before the attack.
Narendra Modi cut short a visit to Saudi Arabia and flew home to chair a meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Security. Afterward, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri briefed senior diplomats on five decisions. India would suspend the Indus Waters Treaty until Pakistan ended its support for cross-border terrorism. It would close the main border crossing, ban Pakistani nationals under the SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme, and cancel previously issued visas. Pakistani military advisers in New Delhi were expelled, and their Indian counterparts in Islamabad were withdrawn.
On the 24th of April, Pakistan suspended visas for Indian nationals and closed its airspace to Indian aircraft. It also suspended the Simla Agreement and restricted trade. That night, Pakistani and Indian troops exchanged small arms fire at several positions along the Line of Control, and the firing continued for days. On the 30th of April it spread to the international border as well.
The Pakistani position was blunt. Defence Minister Khawaja Asif called the attack a homegrown insurgent act and suggested India might have staged it as a false flag operation. The hashtags #IndianFalseFlag and #PahalgamDramaExposed trended briefly on X, mostly from posts originating in Pakistan. Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar said the perpetrators may have been "freedom fighters". Of TRF, he told Parliament, "We don't consider TRF illegal. Show us proof they carried out the Pahalgam attack." Pakistan also successfully opposed a mention of TRF in a UN Security Council release. Its Senate passed a resolution calling the attack an "orchestrated campaign to malign Pakistan" and describing India's move on the Indus waters as water terrorism and an act of war.
On the 7th of May 2025, India launched Operation Sindoor, striking nine targets in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. India said it hit terrorist infrastructure. Pakistan said civilians were killed on its side. Pakistan answered with drone and missile strikes around Indian-administered Kashmir, and residents there said civilians died in shelling from across the border. India and Pakistan announced a ceasefire on the 10th of May.
India then took its case abroad. By the 30th of April, the Ministry of External Affairs had briefed envoys of 45 nations. Later, seven all-party delegations of 51 members of parliament and former diplomats visited 33 capitals to explain India's stance on terrorism and Operation Sindoor. On the 28th and the 29th of July, the two houses of Parliament each set aside 16 hours to debate Pahalgam and Operation Sindoor. Opposition leaders criticised Modi's absence from an earlier all-party briefing.
An LeT commander, Abu Musa Kashmiri, reportedly said in a viral video that the attack had raised Pakistan's international standing. His remarks contradicted Pakistan's earlier denials.
Condolences arrived from dozens of countries, from Argentina and Australia to Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia and the United States. At least 16 foreign leaders called India. The United Nations, the UN Security Council, the G7 and the European Union issued statements, and Iran offered to mediate. The Liberian parliament held a moment of silence. US President Trump said on the 25th of April that India and Pakistan would sort out the tension themselves. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom said it was deeply concerned by the explicit targeting of Hindus and other non-Muslims. In the United States, a House committee also criticised a New York Times headline for saying "militant" rather than "terrorist".
Later statements followed. On the 17th of June, the Financial Action Task Force said such attacks cannot occur without money and the means to move funds. The Quad foreign ministers condemned the attack on the 2nd of July, BRICS did so on the 6th of July, and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation leaders followed on the 1st of September.
India's leaders spoke in sharper terms. President Droupadi Murmu called it a "dastardly and inhuman act". Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah said it was "much larger than anything we've seen directed at civilians in recent years." External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar described it as economic warfare aimed at tourism.
In Kashmir, protests spread through Srinagar, Pulwama, Shopian, Pahalgam, Anantnag and Baramulla. Demonstrators called the attack a blow to Kashmiriyat, and shops shut in solidarity. On the 25th of April, the cleric Mirwaiz Umar Farooq said in his Friday sermon at Srinagar's Jamia Masjid that Kashmiris "stand shoulder to shoulder with the victims." On the 28th of April, the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly passed a three-page resolution and observed two minutes of silence.
Elsewhere in India, candlelight vigils and silent marches took place in cities including Delhi, Bengaluru and Hyderabad. Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind condemned the attack as contrary to Islam's promotion of peace. The All India Imam Organisation said it would instruct imams at over 5.5 lakh mosques to pray for the victims and condemn terrorism.
A wave of hostility toward Muslims and Kashmiris also followed. The Association for Protection of Civil Rights recorded Islamophobic hate speech, intimidation and violence, with Kashmiri women and students facing threats, harassment and assault. In Uttarakhand, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, Kashmiri tenants faced eviction. Some students sought refuge in airports as they tried to get home. Haryana's government issued directives to protect Kashmiri students. On the 1st of May, Himanshi Narwal, the widow of one of the victims, called for unity and communal harmony. She was met with online harassment, which India's National Commission for Women condemned. Sikh volunteers offered safe spaces, food and transport to Kashmiri Muslims facing hostility.
Tourism, long treated by the government as a sign of normalcy in the region, took a heavy blow. Air India added flights as visitors left, and many tourist sites closed. Months later, some remained closed. Tourist numbers in 2025 fell by just over half compared with 2024.
Updated
Common questions
What was the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
The 2025 Pahalgam attack was an Islamist terrorist attack on tourists in the Baisaran Valley near Pahalgam in Indian-administered Kashmir. It took place on the 22nd of April 2025 and killed 26 civilians, 25 of them tourists and one a local person.
Who claimed responsibility for the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
The Resistance Front (TRF), described as a proxy of Lashkar-e-Taiba, claimed the attack on the 22nd and the 23rd of April 2025. It retracted the claim on the 26th of April, calling the original statement a communications breach.
Why were tourists targeted in the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
TRF's statement tied the attack to the settlement of non-locals in Kashmir after the 2019 end of the region's special status. India's foreign secretary Vikram Misri said the aim was to inflame communal violence and damage the economy by attacking tourism.
How did India and Pakistan respond to the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, expelled Pakistani military advisers and closed the main border crossing. Pakistan suspended the Simla Agreement and closed its airspace. India launched Operation Sindoor on the 7th of May 2025, and a ceasefire was announced on the 10th of May.
What was Operation Mahadev after the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
Operation Mahadev was the Indian security operation to track down the attackers. On the 28th of July 2025, security forces killed three men in the Harwan forest near Mahadev Ridge in Dachigam, after tracing a satellite phone.
How many people died in the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
Twenty-six people died, including 25 tourists and one local pony operator, and at least 20 others were injured. It was the deadliest attack on civilians in India since the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
What did the NIA find in its investigation of the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
In December 2025, the National Investigation Agency filed a 1,597-page charge sheet in a special court in Jammu. It named Lashkar-e-Taiba, The Resistance Front and six individuals, and traced the conspiracy to Pakistan. Pakistan rejects the allegations.
All sources
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- 147Pahalgam attack: Kashmiri Gurudwaras open doors to tourists23 April 2025
- 148NewsJ&K: Tourist Killed, Several Hurt in Attack on Pahalgam Health ResortJehangir Ali — 22 April 2025
- 149NewsPahalgam attack live updates: At least 12 tourists injured, multiple deaths fearedLingamgunta Nirmitha Rao — 22 April 2025
- 151Heroic Guide: The Brave Act of Nazakat Ahmad Shah24 April 2025
- 153'Nazakat bhai, the humanity you showed ...': Pahalgam survivors thank Kashmiri guide for saving childrenTahir Usman — 25 April 2025
- 156Kashmir's Lionheart: The Story of Adil Hussain ShahRazia Sanwari — 2025-04-28
- 158Heroes of Pahalgam terror attack2025-04-24
- 159'Save the children': Guide who helped tourists escape recalls those terrifying 10 minutes at Pahalgam meadowNaveed Iqbal — 2025-04-27
- 162'Sir, Something Has Happened...': How CRPF Took Charge After The Pahalgam AttackSatyaki Baidya — 29 April 2025
- 164NewsPahalgam Terror Attack: Army, CRPF, J&K Cops Cordon Area, Search Operations On23 April 2025
- 166Who was Havildar Jhantu Ali Shaikh martyred in Udhampur ops?Parwinder Sandhu — 24 April 2025
- 169A tourist massacre in Kashmir is escalating tensions between India and Pakistan. Here's what we knowRhea Mogul et al. — 24 April 2025
- 176JournalThe Strategic Logic of Credit Claiming: A New Theory for Anonymous Terrorist AttacksMax Abrahms et al. — 3 April 2017
- 177UN Report Names Terror Group Behind Pahalgam Attack, Pak Cover-Up ShattersVishnu Som — 30 July 2025
- 178Operation Sindoor: Full Text Of Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri Speech During Press BriefingNDTV Profit — 7 May 2025
- 179NewsSketches of terrorists who killed 26 Pahalgam tourists released23 April 2025
- 180NewsKillers Of Pahalgam: Sketches Of 3 Terrorists Behind Attack Revealed23 April 2025
- 184NewsNew twist in Pahalgam attackers' identities: From Pak, but not those whose sketches released by J&K police, says reportSugam Singhal — 2025-06-22
- 187If the photographs didn't belong to the Pahalgam attackers, what were the actions based on?Anuradha Bhasin — 2025-07-04
- 188Pahalgam terror attack: NIA says initial sketches of terrorists misidentified, linked to past shootoutArushi Jaiswal — 2025-08-04
- 189NewsNIA Probe: IG-Led Team Heads to Pahalgam After Deadly Terror Attack23 April 2025
- 190NewsNIA takes over probe in Pahalgam terror attackNeeraj Chauhan — 2025-04-27
- 193NIA Launches Probe Into Killing Of Pahalgam Attack Mastermind In Srinagar EncounterYusuf Jameel — 2025-07-29
- 194NewsDigital footprints suggest Pakistan's hand, say investigatorsNeeraj Chauhan — 24 April 2025
- 195Digital footprints, forensics link Pahalgam attack to Pakistan safe housesMunish Chandra Pandey — 23 April 2025
- 196Despite SC Ruling, J&K Authorities Demolish Homes of Pahalgam Suspects, Others, Without NoticeJehangir Ali — 27 April 2025
- 197Pahalgam attack: India hunts suspects days after Kashmir killingsNeyaz Farooquee — 28 April 2025
- 198Homes destroyed and 1,500 detained in Kashmir as India cracks down following attacksBilal Kuchay et al. — 28 April 2025
- 199Pakistan calls for neutral probe into Kashmir attack India blames it forShivam Patel et al. — 26 April 2025
- 200Pahalgam attack planned by LeT with ISI, Pak Army help: NIA report; 20 Valley OGWs under probeMukesh Ranjan — 2 May 2025
- 201Pakistan's Spy Agency ISI's Key Role In Pahalgam Terror Attack RevealedMukesh Singh Sengar — 2 May 2025
- 202Pahalgam Attack: A Wake-Up Call on Global Islamist TerrorShailendra Kumar Pathak — 1 May 2025
- 203NewsPahalgam terror attack: Five questions that must be askedVarad Sharma — 2025-04-27
- 204NewsPahalgam attackers entered India from Pakistan three years ago: officialsVijaita Singh — 2025-07-29
- 205India Maps Pahalgam Attackers' Journey, Identifies Lahore-Based LeT Operative As Handler ExclusivePragati Ratti et al. — 2025-08-04
- 207Hashim Moosa, Pahalgam Killer On The Run, Is Former Pak Commando: SourcesMukesh Singh Sengar — 30 April 2025
- 208NewsPahalgam massacre: Pakistani terrorist former para commando, says probeBharti Jain — 29 April 2025
- 209Hashim Musa, ex-Pakistan Army Special Forces soldier, prime suspect in Pahalgam terror attackMukesh Ranjan — 29 April 2025
- 210Pahalgam Mastermind Suleiman Shah Was Ex Commando Of Pak Army's Elite UnitMukesh Singh Sengar — 28 July 2025
- 214Police Attach Rs 2 Crore Property of Terrorist Chief2025-10-04
- 217NewsPahalgam Breakthrough: NIA Confirms Killers Pak Nationals, Lashkar Members22 June 2025
- 218NewsPahalgam attack: Two locals helped Pakistani attackers for few thousandsBharti Jain — 2025-06-25
- 220NIA takes blood, hair samples of Pahalgam terror attack suspectsNeeraj Chauhan — 2025-08-12
- 221NewsNIA arrests J&K man in connection with alleged funding of LeT proxy TRFNeeraj Chauhan — 2025-07-07
- 222Two terror associates caught in J&K's Bandipora, Chinese grenades, ammo seizedAshraf Wani — 2025-08-17
- 223Anti-terror agency uncovers Malaysia, Gulf funding trail to Pakistan-backed TRFArvind Ojha — 2025-09-03
- 224NewsLashkar Proxy Behind Pahalgam Got Funding From These CountriesMukesh Singh Sengar — 2025-09-03
- 225463 Phone Calls, Funds From Malaysia And Gulf: NIA Builds FATF Case Against Pakistan Over TRFBhavatosh Singh — 2025-09-03
- 228Pahalgam Attack: Lashkar Operative, Held For Aiding Terrorists, Met Them Four TimesShobhit Gupta — 5 October 2025
- 229What is Mahadev Peak? The sacred mountain behind the Indian Army’s deadly ‘Operation Mahadev’Subhadra Srivastava — 31 July 2025
- 233Pahalgam Mastermind Suleiman Shah Among 3 Terrorists Killed In Op Mahadev: SourcesMukesh Singh Sengar et al. — 2025-07-28
- 234Hashim Musa, Pahalgam Attack Mastermind, Among 3 Terrorists Killed In Encounter Near SrinagarPrisha Vibhavari — 2025-07-28
- 235Operation Mahadev: Photo From Encounter Site Shows Terrorist Hideout With Assault Rifles, Blankets, Food SuppliesSuhail Nazeer Bhat — 2025-07-28
- 236Tracked, Hunted In Less Than 3 Hours: A Detailed Timeline Of Op MahadevShiv Aroor — 28 July 2025
- 238Operation Mahadev: Recovered mobile phones, long-range communication sets hold key to Pahalgam terrorists' Pakistan linkDeeptiman Tiwary — 2025-08-01
- 240Pak Role In Pahalgam Attack Exposed: Terrorist 'Afghan' Had Lashkar, JKLF Links, Trained In PoKShivank Mishra — 2025-07-29
- 241Guns, Made-in-Pak Chocolates: Amit Shah Lists Proof On Pahalgam KillersSaikat Kumar Bose — 2025-07-29
- 243Voter IDs, Candyland chocolates, GPS: Trail of Pahalgam terrorists leads to PakManjeet Negi et al. — 2025-08-04
- 244Dossier listing details of Pahalgam attackers in works to expose Pak liesUjwal Jalali — 2025-08-04
- 249Bill making CNIC mandatory for voting adopted2011-03-29
- 251ThePrint Exclusive: Government ID cards, family testimony nail Pakistan links of Pahalgam killersPraveen Swami — 2025-08-02
- 252Pahalgam Terror Attack: Pakistani IDs, Training Video At Lashkar HQ Confirm Pakistan LinkShivank Mishra — 2025-08-01
- 253Who Was Hashim Musa? Pahalgam Attack Mastermind & Ex-Pak Army Commando Killed In Operation MahadevShashank Nair — 28 July 2025
- 254How bullet-matching confirmed M-9, AK-47s used in Pahalgam massacreSushim Mukul — 2025-07-29
- 255NewsAfter Pahalgam Attack, 21 Terrorists Killed In 6 Separate J&K EncountersMukesh Singh Sengar et al. — 2025-08-03
- 257Pakistan calls for 'neutral' investigation into Kashmir attack26 April 2025
- 258NewsFinding support: On Operation Sindoor, international reaction9 May 2025
- 259China backs Pakistan's 'independent probe' demand on Pahalgam terror attackAparna Vats — 27 April 2025
- 261European states back Pakistan's proposal for Kashmir inquiry following Pahalgam attackUsama Iqbal Khawaja — 2025-05-03
- 267Orders for Pahalgam satellite images from US firm peaked two months before attackSoumya Pillai — 9 May 2025
- 268Controversial Pakistani firm BSI removed as partner from US satellite company's websiteSoumya Pillai — 10 May 2025
- 269NewsDozens killed as gunmen massacre tourists in Kashmir beauty spotEsha Mitra et al. — 22 April 2025
- 271NewsIndus Waters Treaty paused, no entry to Pakistanis: India responds to J&K attackSahil Sinha — 23 April 2025
- 273NewsKashmir attack: India downgrades ties with PakistanRichard Connor et al. — 24 April 2025
- 274NewsIndia closes main border crossing with Pakistan after Kashmir attackSean Seddon et al. — 24 April 2025
- 275NewsUnion Home Minister Amit Shah Visits Baisaran Meadow, Site Of Attack23 April 2025
- 276Pahalgam terror attack: Govt admits authorities were unaware Baisaran Valley was opened for touristsShemin Joy — 25 April 2025
- 277At all-party meet, government admits to security lapses in Pahalgam: SourcesMausami Singh — 24 April 2025
- 279NewsPakistan to respond to India's actions comprehensively: Dar24 April 2025
- 280Pakistan suspends visas for Indians after deadly Kashmir attack on touristsEmily McGarvey — 24 April 2025
- 282NewsBorder Tensions Update: Indian Army Responds to Pakistan Firing at LoC25 April 2025
- 283NewsIndia, Pakistan exchange small arms fire, China urges restraintFayaz Bukhari — 28 April 2025
- 286Pakistan Army Opens Fire At International Border For First Time Since Pahalgam, India RetaliatesAshesh Mallick — 30 April 2025
- 288Indian army says 3 civilians killed in shelling by Pakistani troops in Indian-controlled KashmirCTV News — 6 May 2025
- 289India strikes Pakistan over tourist killings, Pakistan says Indian jets downedAsif Shahzad et al. — 7 May 2025
- 290NewsIndia Says It Intercepted Missiles and Drones Launched by PakistanWaqar Gillani et al. — 8 May 2025
- 292Pahalgam Attack Tests West Asian Countries' NeutralityRushali Saha — 30 April 2025
- 2937 delegations & 1 message: How India chose 33 countries for ambitious diplomatic push post-Op SindoorKeshav Padmanabhan — 19 May 2025
- 295NewsPM Modi to meet members of seven all-party delegations sent abroad to explain Operation SindoorRajesh Kumar Thakur — 2 June 2025
- 297Akhilesh questions timing of Pahalgam terrorists' killings in LS—'why did it happen only yesterday?'Neelam Pandey — 2025-07-29
- 300India says it has killed militants who shot dead tourists in KashmirMeryl Sebastian — 2025-07-29
- 301India says it has killed three militants behind Kashmir tourist massacreRhea Mogul — 2025-07-29
- 304NewsTourists flee India-administered Kashmir after deadly attack23 April 2025
- 305News48 tourist sites in Kashmir shut amid security concerns after Pahalgam terror attackPeerzada Ashiq — 29 April 2025
- 306Pahalgam attack aftermath: Full list of tourist destinations shut in KashmirNaveed Iqbal — 29 April 2025
- 307NewsThree months after Pahalgam terror attack, key tourist destinations in Kashmir remain shutGulzar Bhat — 2025-07-16
- 308NewsOmar Abdullah decries continued closure of tourist sites in Kashmir six months after Pahalgam terror attackPeerzada Ashiq — 2025-09-18
- 3095 months on, Pahalgam shadow stays on tourismFayaz Wani — 2025-09-22
- 310NewsPahalgam Attack Wipes Out Early Gains: Kashmir Tourist Numbers Plunge 52% In First Half Of 2025 Vs 2024Muhammad Zulqarnain Zulfi — 15 July 2025
- 311NewsShutdowns, street protests in Kashmir over Pahalgam killingsAshiq Peerzada — 23 April 2025
- 313NewsPahalgam attack act beyond belief, totally unacceptable: Mirwaiz25 April 2025
- 314NewsJ&K Assembly Holds Special Session On Pahalgam Attack, Expresses Solidarity28 April 2025
- 316NewsAt least 26 tourists killed by suspected militants in Kashmir attackAakash Hassan et al. — 22 April 2025
- 318Shah Rukh Khan condemns Pahalgam terror attack, calls it an 'inhumane act of violence'Santanu Das — 23 April 2025
- 319Vijay Deverakonda, Allu Arjun revisit memories of Pahalgam; Pawan Kalyan, Mahesh Babu call attack 'heartbreaking'Neeshita Nyayapati — 23 April 2025
- 321Candlelight vigil for Pahalgam victims5 May 2025
- 324'Traitors': Hate-filled songs target Indian Muslims after Kashmir attackKunal Purohit — 29 April 2025
- 326News'We're cursed': Kashmiris under attack across India after Pahalgam killingsYashraj Sharma — 25 April 2025
- 327NewsPahalgam: Kashmiris in India face violence after deadly attackZoya Mateen et al. — 2 May 2025
- 328NewsKashmiri Student Assaulted At Jamia Millia Islamia, Mess Worker Detained28 April 2025
- 329NewsFIR against Hindu Raksha Dal leader who threatened Kashmiri students in UttarakhandAmit Bathla — 24 April 2025
- 330NewsHaryana government assures safety for Kashmiri students facing harassment following Pahalgam attackHarpreet Bajwa — 26 April 2025
- 331'No one stood up for us': 16 shawl sellers leave Mussoorie for Kashmir after 2 are 'assaulted by locals'Aiswarya Raj — 30 April 2025
- 332'They Called Me a Terrorist': Kashmiri Students in Punjab Face Assault After Pahalgam Attack, Forced to FleeJehangir Ali — 28 April 2025
- 335Digital Battlegrounds: Gendered Disinformation, TFGBV, and Hate Speech in the Indo-Pak EscalationsSara Imran et al. — May 2025
- 336NewsHow Kashmir attack victim's widow went from symbol of tragedy to trolling targetNikita Yadav — 6 May 2025
- 338Pahalgam Victim's Wife Gets Hate for Peace Appeal, BJP Ally Member Among TrollsAditya Menon et al. — 2 May 2025
- 339News'Treated Us As Family': How Sikhs Aided Kashmiri Students Post Pahalgam AttackRehan Qayoom Mir — 6 May 2025
- 340How Sikhs Bridged a Communal Gap After PahalgamBupinder Singh — 4 May 2025
- 342Pahalgam attack jolts Modi's Kashmir's normalcy narrative, but doesn't collapse itZulfikar Majid — 4 May 2025
- 343What Pahalgam Revealed, And Delhi Failed To LearnLuv Puri — 2025-07-12
- 351NewsIndia's neighbours condemn Pahalgam attack23 April 2025
- 353News"Barbaric": From France, Italy To China- World Leaders Condemn J&K Attack23 April 2025
- 354NewsDeadly Pahalgam Terror Attack Draws Global Condemnation: How Leaders Across The World ReactedSiddhant Mishra — 23 April 2025
- 355Eurasian Responses to the Pahalgam Terrorist Attack and Operation Sindoor: An AssessmentPravesh Kumar Gupta — 2025-06-13
- 356Condolences, Condemnations and Silence: India's neighborhood reacts to Pahalgam (South East Asia)Diksha Jain — 2025-04-29
- 358India builds diplomatic case on Pahalgam as Modi receives calls from at least 16 world leadersKeshav Padmanabhan — 2025-04-27
- 359NewsGuterres condemns deadly attack in Jammu and Kashmir23 April 2025
- 361NewsUN Security Council condemns Jammu and Kashmir terror attack25 April 2025
- 366Kashmir: Renewed India-Pakistan tensionsJohn Curtis — 16 May 2025
- 368Brokered Bargaining in Nuclear South Asia: U.S. Mediation in the India-Pakistan Pahalgam CrisisMoeed W. Yusuf — July–August 2025
- 369Press releaseUSCIRF Condemns Attack in Kashmir25 April 2025
- 371Modi govt rapped BBC for 'militants'. That leaves NYT, AFP, AP, and the restShailaja Bajpai — 2025-05-01
- 372Trump says India, Pakistan will sort out tensions26 April 2025
- 373News'Hunt them down', says US amid support for action by India on Pahalgam attackChidanand Rajghatta — 2025-04-26
- 378NewsGlobal terror financing body FATF condemns Pahalgam terror attack17 June 2025
- 381NewsSCO 'strongly condemns' Pahalgam attack in Tianjin declaration, no mention of Pak1 September 2025
- 384NewsPakistans 1st reaction To Pahalgam terror attack, says nothing to do with It23 April 2025
- 386Pakistan's Information Warfare: Strategic Implications and India's ResponseSoumya Awasthi — 22 October 2025
- 387NewsPakistan warns Kashmir row could lead to 'all-out war' with India24 April 2025
- 390NewsPakistan got UNSC to drop mention of LeT offshoot TRFPranab Dhal Samanta — 28 April 2025
- 391Senate slams Indian attempt to frame PakistanIftikhar A. Khan — 26 April 2025
- 393BookPakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal OperationsOwen L. Sirrs — Routledge — 2016
- 394BookFighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of WarC. Christine Fair — Oxford University Press — 2014
- 395BookFaith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of PakistanHein Kiessling — Hurst — 2016
- 396BookKashmir: The Unwritten HistoryChristopher Snedden — HarperCollins India — 2013