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Curated playlist

Short-lived countries

  • German occupation of Albania10 minOn the 8th of September 1943, Italy signed an armistice with the Allied forces. Within days, German troops were crossing into Albania, and the question of who would control this small Balkan nation was suddenly answered in a language no…
  • Federal State of Austria11 minThe Federal State of Austria lasted just four years, from 1934 to 1938, but its story is one of the most compressed political dramas in modern European history. A chancellor seized dictatorial power using a World War I emergency law. A…
  • Vichy France11 minVichy France began on the 10th of July 1940, the day the French National Assembly voted by 569 votes to 80 to hand absolute power to an 84-year-old military hero named Marshal Philippe Pétain. France had just suffered a catastrophic…
  • Confederate States of America15 minOn the 12th of April 1861, artillery shells arced over Charleston Harbor and slammed into the walls of Fort Sumter. The Confederate States of America had existed for barely two months, and it was already at war. What drove eleven Southern…
  • Republic of Mahabad6 minThe Republic of Mahabad lasted exactly 327 days. Proclaimed on the 22nd of January 1946 in a small Kurdish city in northwestern Iran, it vanished on the 15th of December of that same year when Iranian forces marched in and shuttered its…
  • State of Katanga24 minThe State of Katanga declared its independence from Congo-Léopoldville on the evening of the 11th of July 1960, when Moïse Tshombe accused the new central government of communist leanings and dictatorial rule. Tshombe led CONAKAT, the…
  • Azerbaijan People's Government7 minThe Azerbaijan People's Government was proclaimed in Tabriz in 1945, and for just over a year it controlled a slice of northern Iran that Soviet forces had occupied since the early days of World War Two. A short-lived, unrecognized…
  • Italian Social Republic12 minThe Italian Social Republic existed for just 19 months, yet its name carries a weight that still shapes Italian politics today. Proclaimed on the 23rd of September 1943 in the chaos following Italy's armistice with the Allies, it was a…
  • Democratic Federal Yugoslavia6 minDemocratic Federal Yugoslavia was born not in a capital city or a palace, but in the town of Jajce, deep in occupied Bosnia, on the 29th of November 1943. A council of resistance fighters gathered there and declared something audacious:…
  • Principality of Elba5 minThe Principality of Elba existed for well under a year, and it had exactly one ruler: Napoleon Bonaparte. On the 11th of April 1814, the Treaty of Fontainebleau turned a small Mediterranean island, previously just a French département,…

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