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Crisis of the Third Century

  • Gordian IGordian I held power over the Roman Empire for exactly 22 days. That figure alone sets the stage for one of the strangest episodes in Roman history, a year…
  • BalbinusBalbinus ruled the Roman Empire for just three months in 238 AD, a year so chaotic it earned the name the Year of the Six Emperors.
  • Battle of NaissusThe Battle of Naissus was fought in either 268 or 269. A Roman army met a huge coalition of Gothic and allied tribes near the town of Naissus, known today as…
  • Claudius GothicusMarcus Aurelius Claudius, remembered today as Claudius Gothicus, once knocked out a horse's teeth with a single punch, or so an ancient legend claims.
  • Gordian IIGordian II held the Roman imperial throne for about 22 days in the spring of 238 AD. That figure alone sets him apart from every other emperor in Roman…
  • DiocletianDiocletian retired from the most powerful office in the world and went home to grow cabbages. When rivals begged him to return to the throne in 308, he wrote…
  • Maximinus ThraxMaximinus Thrax became Roman emperor in 235 without ever having sat in the Senate, without ever having governed a province, and without any of the social…
  • AurelianAurelian earned a title that no Roman emperor had ever held before: Restitutor Orbis, Restorer of the World. He was born around 214, the son of a tenant…
  • Gallic EmpireIn 260, a Roman general named Postumus besieged his own emperor's son inside the city of Colonia Agrippina, had the boy and his guardian put to death, and…
  • Palmyrene EmpireThe Palmyrene Empire lasted only three years, yet in that time a single queen conquered Egypt, swept through much of Asia Minor, and forced the most powerful…
  • Plague of CyprianThe Plague of Cyprian killed five thousand people a day in Rome at its peak. That figure, staggering even by modern standards, comes from observers who lived…
  • Crisis of the Third CenturyThe Crisis of the Third Century brought the Roman Empire to the edge of extinction. In the year 235, a group of Roman soldiers murdered their own emperor…
  • ZenobiaZenobia was a third-century queen who built an empire stretching from central Anatolia to Upper Egypt, and she did it in less than two years.
  • Historia AugustaThe Historia Augusta is a collection of biographies of Roman emperors written in Latin, covering a span of rulers from 117 to 284.
  • TetrarchyThe Tetrarchy was Diocletian's answer to a Roman Empire that had spent decades tearing itself apart. In place of one emperor struggling to hold three…
  • Gordian IIIGordian III became Roman emperor at the age of thirteen, making him the second-youngest sole ruler the unified empire had ever seen.
  • Severus AlexanderSeverus Alexander was born on the 1st of October 208 in Arca Caesarea, Phoenicia, and by the age of thirteen he was ruling the Roman Empire alone.