When and where was Papinian born?
Aemilius Papinianus arrived in the world during 142 CE within Emesa, a city in Syria. He was not born into Roman soil but rather Syrian earth.
Questions about Papinian
Short answers, pulled from the story.
Who taught Papinian law and what were his early connections?
Historical records indicate he studied law under Quintus Cervidius Scaevola. Sources describe him as a kinsman of Julia Domna, the second wife of Emperor Septimius Severus.
What official positions did Papinian hold under Emperor Septimius Severus?
Emperor Septimius Severus appointed him magister libellorum, effectively serving as master of petitions. Later appointments included the position of attorney general or advocatus fisci and the title of Treasurer and Captain of the Guard for the Emperor.
Why did Caracalla order the execution of Papinian in 212 CE?
Caracalla ordered the execution of Papinian following the murder of his brother Geta in 212 CE. The emperor commanded that the lawyer be beheaded after Papinian attempted to maintain peace between them but only succeeded in provoking hatred.
What legal works did Papinian author before his death?
Principal works include Quaestiones which spanned thirty-seven books before 198 CE. He also authored nineteen books of Responsa during a period between 204 CE and his death along with two additional books covering Definitiones and De adulteriis topics.
How is Papinian recognized in later Roman law codes?
Papinian became one of five decisive jurists recognized by later law codes. His views were considered legally binding under the Law of Citations enacted in 426 CE alongside Gaius, Paulus, Modestinus, and Ulpian.