Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Hole Runestone, carved between 1 and 250 CE, stands as the oldest known writing in Norway. This artifact marks the earliest stage of a characteristically North Germanic language called Proto-Norse.
Norway entered a union with Denmark in 1397, which caused Danish to replace Middle Norwegian as the language of the elite. This political shift initiated centuries of linguistic influence from Danish on the developing Norwegian language.
Ivar Aasen began his work to create a new written Norwegian at the age of 22 and published his project called Landsmål in several books from 1848 to 1873. The publication period spanned 25 years starting from 1848.
The Samnorsk policy had little influence after 1960 and was officially abandoned in 2002. Prior to this, a 1946 poll showed that 79% of Norwegians supported the merger policy before opponents created a massive protest movement against it in the 1950s.
Since December 2017, the gender-neutral pronoun hen has been present in the Norwegian Academy's dictionary. The Language Council of Norway started including hen in both Bokmål and Nynorsk standards in June 2022.