Short answers, pulled from the story.
Mark Hamill portrays Luke Skywalker in all films of both the original and sequel trilogies, as well as in the television series The Mandalorian and The Book of Boba Fett. Hamill won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for his performances in The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Return of the Jedi (1983), and The Last Jedi (2017).
George Lucas used the surname 'Starkiller' in the script until a few months into filming, then dropped it because of what he called 'unpleasant connotations' with Charles Manson, who became a 'star killer' in 1969 when he murdered the actress Sharon Tate. Lucas replaced it with 'Skywalker'.
Luke's father is Darth Vader, the Sith Lord. Vader reveals this to Luke during their lightsaber duel in The Empire Strikes Back (1980), after severing Luke's hand. Luke later learns through Obi-Wan's spirit that Vader's original identity was Anakin Skywalker.
Luke does not die in battle. In The Last Jedi (2017), he uses the Force to project a vision of himself across the galaxy to the planet Crait, giving the Resistance time to escape the First Order. The effort causes him to collapse and become one with the Force while still on Ahch-To.
Robby Benson, William Katt, Kurt Russell, and Charles Martin Smith all auditioned for the role of Luke Skywalker before Mark Hamill was cast for Star Wars (1977).
Luke appears in 'Chapter 16: The Rescue,' the season two finale of The Mandalorian, portrayed by Mark Hamill. He arrives to collect the Force-sensitive infant Grogu and begin his Jedi training, and destroys a group of Dark Troopers that were threatening Grogu and his guardian Din Djarin.