Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word Buddhology emerged in the early 1900s when Unitarian minister Joseph Estlin Carpenter coined it to describe the study of Buddhahood and Buddha's doctrines. Carpenter defined this new field as an examination of the nature of the Buddha alongside his teachings.
North America saw its first graduate program begin at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1961. Prior to 1975, Buddhist studies in the United States remained dominated by three institutions including that same university, Harvard University, and University of Chicago.
University of Tokyo and Rissho University stand as major centers for Buddhist research within Asia. Nalanda University launched a master program in 2016 to continue its historical legacy of learning while most Japanese universities maintain departments covering Eastern philosophy or Indian philosophy with specialized Buddhist studies tracks.
Charles Prebish states that academic Buddhist studies in North American universities include individuals who are practicing Buddhists alongside those who study from an external perspective. The field differs significantly from Judaism or Christianity because it has historically been dominated by outsiders to Buddhist cultures and traditions.
Richard Gombrich documented fifty years of Buddhist studies development specifically within Britain through his 2005 article published in Buddhist Studies Review. J.W.A. de Jong traced European and American history in a 1997 book released by Kosei Publishing Company.