Short answers, pulled from the story.
Sean Bean plays Boromir in Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings film trilogy. His delivery of the line "One does not simply walk into Mordor" became a widely circulated internet meme, which Bean said would "probably be my unintended legacy."
Tolkien described "Boromir" as a name of mixed form, combining the Sindarin element bor(on)-, meaning "steadfast," with the Quenya word míre, meaning "jewel." The stewards of Gondor often chose names from the First Age, and the name Boromir appears in The Silmarillion for a warrior of that earlier era.
Boromir tries to take the Ring because he believes it should be used to defend Gondor against Mordor. His view of Middle-earth was shaped by a conviction that divine powers had chosen Gondor to lead the fight against evil, and the Ring's corrupting influence worked on that belief, driving him to attack Frodo at Parth Galen.
Boromir is mortally wounded by orc-arrows while defending Merry and Pippin from a large orc attack near Parth Galen. He blew the Horn of Gondor until the woods rang, but no help arrived in time. Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas gave him a boat-funeral, setting him adrift on the river toward the Falls of Rauros.
Boromir's boat-funeral has been compared to the ship-burial of Scyld Scefing in the Old English poem Beowulf. In both cases, a warrior's body is set adrift with weapons arrayed about him, and no one knows where the boat finally goes.
Boromir's journey to Rivendell lasted a hundred and eleven days. He traveled through roads long forgotten, lost his horse crossing the Greyflood, and arrived at the Council of Elrond on foot.