Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Battle of Perryville was fought on the 8th of October 1862, in the Chaplin Hills west of Perryville, Kentucky. It marked the culmination of the Confederate Heartland Offensive, also called the Kentucky Campaign, during the American Civil War.
Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg commanded the Army of Mississippi, and Union Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell commanded the Army of the Ohio. The heaviest fighting fell on a single Union corps, the I Corps under Maj. Gen. Alexander McCook.
Bragg's Confederate army won a tactical victory at Perryville, pushing the Union line back over a mile. The battle is considered a strategic Union victory because Bragg withdrew to Tennessee soon after, and the Union kept control of Kentucky for the rest of the war.
Union casualties totaled 4,276, including 894 killed, 2,911 wounded, and 471 captured or missing. Confederate casualties totaled 3,401, including 532 killed, 2,641 wounded, and 228 captured or missing.
Bragg learned late in the battle that Union forces were approaching on both the Springfield Pike and the Lebanon Pike, threatening his position. Short of men and supplies, he withdrew his army overnight and marched east through the Cumberland Gap into Tennessee.
Portions of the battlefield are preserved by the state of Kentucky as the Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site, near the town of Perryville. The American Battlefield Trust and Kentucky's Heritage Land Conservation Fund had saved about 1,202 acres of the site by mid-2023.