— Ch. 1 · Western Theater Context —
Confederate Heartland Offensive.
~2 min read · Ch. 1 of 5
In early 1862, Union forces opened the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers to their Navy after victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Confederate troops evacuated Corinth, leaving most of West Tennessee under Union control. Admiral David Farragut captured New Orleans, the Confederacy's largest city at that time. Vicksburg, Mississippi became a strategic aim for Union commanders as western Confederate lines narrowed to a single railroad running east from that city. Protecting this stronghold on the Mississippi River rose to top priority for the Confederacy. General Braxton Bragg decided to divert Union attention away from Vicksburg and Chattanooga by invading Kentucky.
Strategic Invasion Plans
Confederate General Braxton Bragg transported his infantry by railroads from Tupelo, Mississippi to Chattanooga, Tennessee in August 1862. His cavalry and artillery moved by road during this same period. Once assembled in Chattanooga, Bragg planned to move north into Kentucky alongside Lieutenant General Edmund Kirby Smith. This second force operated out of Knoxville, Tennessee. The campaign aimed to recruit Kentuckians into the Confederacy while drawing Union troops under Major General Don Carlos Buell back beyond the Ohio River. Bragg captured over 4,000 Union soldiers at Munfordville before moving his army to Bardstown.