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Uvalde school shooting

Ch. 1 of 8
— CH. 1 · INTRODUCTION —

Contents

Uvalde school shooting

8 sections
  • The Uvalde school shooting began on the 24th of May 2022, when an 18-year-old former student named Salvador Ramos entered Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. He killed 19 students and 2 teachers. Law enforcement officers killed him 77 minutes after he entered the classroom, and that number would shape every argument that followed.

    The attack is the third deadliest shooting at an American school, behind the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012. It is the deadliest school shooting in Texas.

    This documentary asks how a gunman reached a classroom of children at a school that had spent heavily on security. It asks what trained officers were doing in the hallway outside. It asks who was held responsible, and what the town and the country did next.

  • Uvalde is a Hispanic-majority city of about 15,000 people in South Texas. It sits about 60 miles east of the border with Mexico and about 85 miles west of San Antonio. In 2022, Robb Elementary taught about 600 students in the second through fourth grades. About 90% of them were Hispanic, and about 81% came from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. On the day of the shooting, the school had held an awards ceremony.

    In the 2019-2020 fiscal year, the city of Uvalde spent 40% of its municipal budget on its police department. The school district, known as UCISD, ran its own six-officer police force to cover eight schools. It had grown from four officers to six in 2021 and had more than doubled its security spending over four years. Texas had also given the district a $69,141 grant. That money came from a $100 million statewide allocation made after the 2018 Santa Fe High School shooting, in which ten people were killed.

    The district's written security plan listed a long set of tools. Robb Elementary used Social Sentinel, software that monitored the social media accounts of students and other Uvalde-affiliated people for threats. The Raptor Visitor Management System scanned visitor identity documents and checked them against watch-lists. The plan also named two-way radios, fenced campuses, school threat-assessment teams, and a policy of locking classroom doors.

    A Texas House of Representatives report later found that daily practice differed from policy. Exterior and interior doors were supposed to stay locked, but staff often unlocked or opened them because keys were scarce. Some employees had also grown numb to the intruder alert system, which was almost always used when an undocumented migrant in the area was running from police.

    Training was meant to close the gap. In August 2020, UCISD held joint security exercises with the Uvalde Police Department, the Uvalde County Sheriff's Department and other local agencies. In March 2022, it hosted an active shooter scenario exercise that included role-playing, first aid and evacuation. The training materials said, "Time is the number-one enemy during active shooter response," and argued that victims' best hope was an officer who moves at once, "even if that means one officer acting alone." They added that a "first responder unwilling to place the lives of the innocent above their own safety should consider another career field."

    The same exercise taught officers to tell an active shooter apart from a barricaded subject or hostage crisis, where an armed person isolates himself with limited ability to harm others. Pedro "Pete" Arredondo, the district's police chief since 2020, would later be the officer whose reading of that distinction came under scrutiny.

  • Salvador Rolando Ramos was born on the 16th of May 2004 in Fargo, North Dakota, and moved to Uvalde at an early age. His kindergarten report cards called him "a remarkable little boy," "a sweet little boy," and "a very hard worker". He later attended fourth grade at Robb Elementary, in the same classroom where he was killed.

    At school he was frequently bullied over a speech disorder, his appearance, his clothes and his family's finances. Reports also describe abusive treatment from his mother, who used drugs and was reportedly being evicted from his grandmother's house just days before the shooting. His father was absent during his adolescence. In high school he reportedly engaged in self-harm and earned poor grades, and Uvalde High School withdrew him on the 28th of October 2021 because of frequent absences. He had no criminal record and no documented mental health issues.

    Coworkers at a local Wendy's, where he worked for at least a year until about a month before the attack, described a young man who kept to himself. One said he sent inappropriate text messages to female coworkers and asked others, "Do you know who I am?" Some coworkers referred to him as "school shooter" because of his long hair and black clothing.

    Acquaintances on the app Yubo said he livestreamed threats to kidnap and rape girls and hinted at committing a school shooting. Some called him "Yubo's school shooter." His account was reported to Yubo, but no action was taken. On the 14th of May 2022, he sent a private Instagram message reading "10 more days." When someone asked whether he was going to shoot up a school, he replied, "No, stop asking dumb questions. You'll see."

    A 77-page Texas House committee report named the primary motive as a wish for "notoriety and fame." Days before the attack, Ramos wrote online that he planned something to "put him all over the news." He also voiced frustration over the low number of views on his social media accounts.

    In September 2021, he asked his older sister to buy him a gun, and she refused. About a year before the attack, he had started posting pictures of semi-automatic rifles on his Instagram account as a wish list. On the 17th of May 2022, a day after his 18th birthday, he legally bought a Smith & Wesson semi-automatic rifle from a local gun store. He bought another rifle three days later, paying with savings from his Wendy's job. Investigators later found a "hellfire" trigger device on one gun, which shortens the time a trigger needs to reset and so raises the possible rate of fire.

    He also gathered 1,657 rounds of ammunition in total, including 375 rounds of 5.56 NATO ammunition bought on the 18th of May 2022.

  • On the morning of the 24th of May 2022, Ramos argued with his 66-year-old grandmother at their home in Uvalde about his failure to graduate from high school. He shot her in the face and took her black 2008 Ford F-150. She survived, got help from neighbors, and was airlifted to a San Antonio hospital in critical condition.

    Using his Facebook account, Ramos sent three private messages to a 15-year-old girl in Germany whom he had met online. The first said he would shoot his grandmother, and the second said he had. The third, sent about 15 minutes before the shooting, said he would open fire at an elementary school. She replied, "cool." She was later tried in Frankfurt and found guilty of "failing to report planned crimes," receiving a warning and educational measures. Meta, the parent company of Facebook, said the posts were "private one-to-one text messages" discovered after the shooting.

    At 11:28 a.m. Central time, Ramos crashed the truck through a barricade and into a concrete ditch outside the school, then climbed a fence onto the grounds. A witness said he first fired at two people from a nearby funeral home who came to check on the crash, and both escaped unhurt. He wore a tactical vest with no armor plates, a backpack and all-black clothing. He carried an AR-15 style rifle and seven 30-round magazines. Of the two rifles he had bought legally, he brought only one inside and left the other in the truck.

    A teacher who saw him coming shut the school's west entrance door. The door was designed to lock when closed, but it did not. Ramos went through it, walked down two short hallways and entered a classroom that was connected from the inside to another. Every death took place in those adjoining rooms, 111 and 112.

    Teacher Irma Garcia was trying to lock the classroom door, a survivor said, when Ramos shot out its window and backed her into the room. Another survivor remembered him saying, "You're all gonna die." Arnulfo Reyes, a teacher in classroom 111, told his students to "get under the table and act like you're asleep." Reyes was shot several times and survived by pretending to be unconscious. All 11 students in classroom 111 died.

    Several children played dead, including 11-year-old Miah Cerrillo. Down the hall, a male student in classroom 109 said the gunman tried that door's handle about 15 minutes after the shooting began. His teacher had jammed the door after hearing gunfire. The gunman shot through its glass window, hitting a student and a fourth-grade teacher, and then left.

    The children who died were fourth graders between 9 and 11 years old. The two teachers who died, Irma Garcia, 48, and Eva Mireles, 44, taught in the same fourth-grade classroom. The wounded included fourteen children, one teacher, the gunman's grandmother and two police officers. Several victims died in ambulances on the way to the hospital, including Mireles.

    During the long minutes that followed, Reyes heard law enforcement approach the classroom from the hallway three times without entering. During one approach, a student in classroom 112 called out, "Officer, we're in here. We're in here." After the officers left, Reyes said, the gunman "walked over there, and he shot again."

  • A report released on the 6th of July found that one officer aimed his rifle at Ramos before he entered the school but did not fire, because he was waiting for his supervisor's permission. A school resource officer who had heard the 9-1-1 call drove to campus, passed the real gunman, and chased a teacher he wrongly took for the shooter.

    Officers were inside the building about three minutes after Ramos. At 11:35 a.m., three Uvalde police officers with two rifles entered through the west door, followed eight seconds later by four more officers. Within seconds of the first group, Chief Arredondo and three other officers came in through the south door. At 11:37 a.m., Ramos's gunfire grazed two officers in the hallway, and the group pulled back.

    At 11:40 a.m., Arredondo called the Uvalde Police Department landline. "We have him in the room. He's got an AR-15," he said, and he added that "we don't have firepower right now." He told the caller, "I don't have a radio."

    The Texas Department of Public Safety, or DPS, later said Arredondo had decided the situation had "transitioned from an active shooter to a barricaded subject." With Ramos thought to be contained, officials believed they had time to bring in tactical units. By 12:03 p.m., nineteen officers had gathered in the hallway, and none had entered the classroom.

    Arredondo gave his own account to The Texas Tribune in an interview published on the 9th of June 2022. He said he arrived believing he was the first officer on scene and left his police and campus radios behind so his hands would be free. He said the radios were awkward to run with and did not work in some school buildings. Without a radio, he said, he never learned that children were calling 9-1-1 from the classrooms.

    He rejected the title of incident commander and described himself as a frontline responder who assumed someone else was in charge. The National Incident Management System says the first person on scene is the incident commander. DPS officials described Arredondo as the commander who gave the order to treat the situation as a barricaded subject.

    Arredondo said he tried the door to classroom 111 while a Uvalde officer tried classroom 112, and that both were locked. Later reporting indicated the doors were never locked. He said he was handed six keys and later another 20 to 30, and that none worked on the door he tried. One report said he tried keys on neighboring classrooms in search of a master key. He said he held back from the doors for 40 minutes to avoid drawing fire and tried to talk to the gunman through the wall, in English and then Spanish, without a reply. He denied cowardice and incompetence and said the extraction of students saved over 500 students and teachers.

    Inside classroom 112, a girl kept calling 9-1-1. At 12:03 p.m., she gave her name and room number and stayed on the line for 1 minute and 23 seconds. At 12:13 p.m., she reported multiple people dead. At 12:16 p.m., she said eight to nine students were still alive. At 12:43 p.m. and again at 12:47 p.m., a student in the room asked the operator to send the police now.

    At 12:12 p.m., Uvalde Police Department acting chief Lieutenant Mariano Pargas was told that a child had called 9-1-1 to say the room was full of victims. At 12:16 p.m., a dispatcher told him eight to nine were still alive, and he answered, "OK, OK thanks." He told a Border Patrol officer about injured victims but did not mention children in the classroom to a Texas Ranger. He then left the hallway and did not return.

    At 11:58 a.m., a DPS special agent said on a recorded exchange, "If there's kids in there, we need to go in there." An unknown officer answered, "Whoever is in charge will determine that." At 12:23 p.m., Arredondo said, "We've lost two kids. These walls are thin. If he starts shooting, we're going to lose more kids." At 12:27 p.m., he said, "People are going to ask why we're taking so long. We're trying to preserve the rest of the life."

    At 12:46 p.m., the transcript has Arredondo saying, "If y'all are ready to do it, you do it," and suggesting that officers distract the gunman out a window.

  • In one video clip from outside the school, parents ask why police are not trying to save their children, and an officer answers: "Because I'm having to deal with you!" Once police cordoned off the grounds, parents pleaded with officers to go in. When the officers did not, parents offered to go in themselves, and officers held them back, tackled some, and warned they would use tasers.

    Police pepper-sprayed one parent who was trying to reach a child and tackled the father of another student. A parent who approached a bus to reach a child was reportedly tased. A mother of two students was handcuffed for trying to enter the school. After she was released, she jumped the fence and retrieved her children, leaving before police went in.

    Eva Mireles called her husband, Ruben Ruiz, from inside the adjoining classrooms. Ruiz was a UCISD officer posted outside the school. According to DPS Director Steven McCraw, she told him she had been shot and was dying. When Ruiz tried to move into the hallway, other officers detained him, took his gun and escorted him away. Pargas later said he had Ruiz removed because he feared Ruiz would run into the classroom. Ruiz later resigned.

    Deputies of the United States Marshals Service drove nearly 70 miles and reached the school at 12:10 p.m. They helped officers initially confront the shooter, give first aid and secure the perimeter.

    An off-duty agent of the Border Patrol Tactical Unit, known as BORTAC, rushed to the scene after a text message from his wife, a teacher at the school. He set out with a shotgun his barber had lent him and arrived about an hour after the first responders. He helped evacuate children. Despite online rumors, he did not enter the school or kill the shooter.

    Other BORTAC agents arrived without a battering ram or other breaching tools, so a U.S. Marshal on scene gave them a ballistic shield. Officers said they could not open the steel door until they obtained a master key from the janitor, though there is evidence the door was never locked. At 12:48 p.m., DPS Captain Joel Betancourt told the breach team over police radio to stand by. At 12:50 p.m., a BORTAC agent holding the shield entered, followed by two more BORTAC agents, a Border Patrol rescue agent and at least one sheriff's deputy. Ramos opened fire from a closet. The officers returned fire and killed him.

    Police and Border Patrol officers fired a combined total of 35 rounds, eight in the hallway and 27 in the classroom. Ramos fired 164 rounds.

  • Texas Governor Greg Abbott and DPS Director Steven McCraw gave inaccurate and incomplete first accounts, and officials exaggerated police actions in the early hours. On the 26th of May, Representative Joaquin Castro said state officials had "provided conflicting accounts" and asked the FBI to give a full account. That same day, Uvalde police chief Daniel Rodriguez said, "It is important for our community to know that our officers responded within minutes."

    On the 27th of May, Abbott asked, "Bottom line would be why did they not choose the strategy that would have been best to get in there and to eliminate the killer and to rescue the children?" McCraw told reporters the same day, "It was the wrong decision. Period." DPS traced the delay to the school district police chief's view that this was a "barricaded subject" and not an "active shooter."

    Two days after the shooting, the Texas Ranger Division began investigating the local police response. On the 29th of May, the United States Department of Justice said it would review the response at the request of Mayor Don McLaughlin. The FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives assisted local police. On the 9th of June, a three-member Texas House committee of Dustin Burrows, Joe Moody and former Texas Supreme Court member Eva Guzman began work in private.

    On the 21st of June, McCraw told a Texas Senate committee that the police response was an "abject failure and antithetical to everything we have learned over the past two decades." He said police could have stopped the shooter in three minutes. He singled out Arredondo and said, "The only thing stopping a hallway of dedicated officers from entering Room 111 and 112 was the on-scene commander who decided to place the lives of officers before the lives of children."

    The committee's report on the 17th of July blamed "systemic failures and egregious poor decision making" and criticized state and federal agencies as well as local police. It said responders "failed to adhere to their active shooter training, and they failed to prioritize saving the lives of innocent victims over their own safety." A total of 376 officials responded, including 149 Border Patrol agents and 91 state police officers. The report found that none of the officers who learned of the 9-1-1 calls pushed for a more urgent breach.

    On the 16th of June, the city's attorneys gave reasons to block release of police records, including the so-called "dead suspect loophole," which suppresses information when no one has been convicted of a crime. On the 12th of July, the Austin American-Statesman published 77 minutes of footage from hallway cameras and an officer's body camera. It appeared before families were due to see it on the 17th of July, which angered some of them. The footage showed one officer taking a pump of hand sanitizer and two others exchanging a fist bump.

    Arredondo had been elected to the Uvalde City Council on the 7th of May. He gave two brief statements on the day of the shooting without taking questions and said nothing publicly until the 1st of June. He was sworn in privately on the 31st of May, was placed on administrative leave on the 22nd of June, and resigned from the council on the 2nd of July. The school board voted unanimously on the 24th of August to terminate his contract as police chief.

    Other officers also lost their posts. State trooper Crimson Elizondo resigned from DPS in August 2022. CNN then reported that UCISD had hired her as an officer, and the district fired her on the 6th of October 2022 over a recorded remark: "If my son had been in there, I would not have been outside... I promise you that." DPS fired state trooper Sergeant Juan Maldonado in late October 2022. Pargas retired on the 17th of November 2022, two days before the city council was to discuss firing him. The Texas Rangers fired Christopher Ryan Kindell in January 2023 for failing to treat the gunman as an active shooter, and DPS reinstated him in August 2024 after his appeal.

    In January 2024, the Department of Justice released a report criticizing the Uvalde Police Department for failing to recognize the active shooter situation and failing to take "courageous action." It also cited failures to secure the crime scene, set standard operating procedures and communicate with families.

    In June 2024, a grand jury indicted two former officers. On the 27th of June, Arredondo turned himself in to be booked on 10 counts of child endangerment. Adrian Gonzales faced 29 counts in a separate indictment. On the 21st of January 2026, Gonzales was acquitted of all 29 charges. Arredondo's trial on 10 counts of "abandoning or endangering a child" has yet to be scheduled.

  • By around 2:00 p.m. on the day of the shooting, UCISD told parents they could pick up their children. That night, Superintendent Hal Harrel announced in a letter that the school year had ended for the whole district, including a planned graduation ceremony. The year had been scheduled to end two days later. Some parents waited late into the night for DNA identification to confirm the deaths of their children.

    Uvalde Memorial Hospital held an emergency blood drive, and the South Texas Blood and Tissue Center flew 15 units of blood to Uvalde by helicopter. By the 27th of May, more than 2,000 people had donated. The hospital reported admitting eleven children and three other people, and two were dead on arrival.

    A memorial of balloons, candles and crosses grew outside the school. A local man made 21 crosses inscribed with the victims' names. The San Antonio Zoo lit its parking garage red, Robb Elementary's color, for 21 days. Businesses offered free headstones and funeral services, and food trucks and restaurant owners drove in with meals and supplies.

    Joe Garcia, the husband of teacher Irma Garcia, died two days after the shooting from a heart attack while attending a memorial. His family tied it to grief. They were survived by four of their children.

    On the 27th of May, an anonymous donor gave $175,000 toward the victims' funerals. A GoFundMe hub raised about $7.5 million from donors across the United States and more than 91 countries. Catholic Extension endowed 30 full scholarships for wounded students to attend Sacred Heart Catholic School in Uvalde.

    Ramos's remains were held by the Uvalde County coroner for weeks, because local funeral homes refused to arrange services for him out of respect for his victims. Castle Ridge Mortuary in Crystal City eventually cremated them.

    A month after the shooting, Congress passed the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act, and President Joe Biden signed it. It was the most significant federal gun reform law since the Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994. The shooting also set off debate about American gun culture and violence, political gridlock, and law enforcement's failure to intervene.

    Threats followed. Donna Independent School District, about 234 miles from Uvalde, canceled school after a "credible threat of violence." On the 7th of June, the Department of Homeland Security warned that people in some online forums had praised the attack and encouraged copycats. On the 8th of August 2023, a 17-year-old cousin of Ramos was arrested and charged with making a terroristic threat.

    On the 3rd of June, the UCISD board decided that Robb Elementary would never reopen, out of concern about re-traumatizing survivors and the community. On the 21st of June, Mayor McLaughlin announced the building would be demolished. The board approved plans for a replacement in April 2023, and construction began later that year beside Dalton Elementary. The new school opened in fall 2025 as Legacy Elementary, serving students from pre-K through fourth grade.

Updated

Common questions

When did the Uvalde school shooting happen?

The Uvalde school shooting happened on the 24th of May 2022 at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. The gunman entered the school after crashing his grandmother's truck near the campus at 11:28 a.m.

How many people died in the Uvalde school shooting?

Nineteen students and two teachers died in the Uvalde school shooting, and 18 others were injured. It is the third deadliest shooting at an American school and the deadliest school shooting in Texas.

Why did police wait so long to enter the classroom in the Uvalde school shooting?

The Texas Department of Public Safety said the delay came from school district police Chief Pedro Arredondo treating the situation as a barricaded subject instead of an active shooter. Officers entered 77 minutes after the gunman went into the classroom.

Who was the gunman in the Uvalde school shooting?

The gunman was Salvador Ramos, an 18-year-old former Robb Elementary student. A Texas House committee report identified his primary motive as a wish for notoriety and fame.

What did the Uvalde school shooting investigations conclude?

A Texas House committee report released on the 17th of July 2022 blamed systemic failures and egregious poor decision making by many authorities. A Department of Justice report in January 2024 criticized the Uvalde Police Department for failing to recognize the active shooter situation.

What happened to Pete Arredondo after the Uvalde school shooting?

The Uvalde school board voted unanimously on the 24th of August 2022 to terminate Pedro Arredondo's contract as police chief. A grand jury indicted him in June 2024 on 10 counts of child endangerment, and his trial has yet to be scheduled.

What law was passed after the Uvalde school shooting?

Congress passed the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act a month after the shooting, and President Joe Biden signed it. It was the most significant federal gun reform legislation since the Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994.

What happened to Robb Elementary School after the Uvalde school shooting?

The UCISD board decided on the 3rd of June 2022 that Robb Elementary would never reopen, and the building is slated for demolition. A replacement school named Legacy Elementary opened in fall 2025 for students from pre-K through fourth grade.

All sources

379 references cited across the entry

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  2. 18Residents speak out against PargasNeil Sturdevant — 2023-01-12
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  64. 238NewsHomeland Security warns of heightened extremist threats, Uvalde copycatsDavid Li et al. — NBC News — June 8, 2022
  65. 245NewsTrans woman's photo used to spread baseless online theory about Texas shooterJo Yurcaba et al. — NBC News — May 25, 2022
  66. 246NewsYubo, said to be used by Texas gunman, hosts a freewheeling culture for teensKat Tenbarge et al. — NBC News — 1 June 2022
  67. 257NewsTexas school shooter entered Robb Elementary unobstructed, police sayAyana Archie et al. — NPR — May 26, 2022
  68. 259NewsHow world leaders are reacting to the Uvalde school shootingAlex Leef et al. — NPR — May 25, 2022
  69. 263NewsIn Texas school massacre, shooter took aim at 'anyone that was in his way'Acacia Coronado et al. — PBS Newshour — May 25, 2022
  70. 273News'How many more lives?': Reactions to Texas school shootingMakini Brice et al. — May 25, 2022
  71. 276NewsGOP talk of school 'hardening' panned as fig leaf by DemocratsAidan Quigley et al. — May 25, 2022
  72. 322Cops Didn't Stop the Uvalde ShootingAkela Lacy — May 25, 2022
  73. 325News78 Long MinutesKeith Collins et al. — May 28, 2022
  74. 329NewsGun in Texas Shooting Came From Company Known for Pushing BoundariesDavid Yaffe-Bellany et al. — May 28, 2022
  75. 330NewsDebunking 3 Viral Rumors About the Texas ShootingTiffany Hsu et al. — May 25, 2022
  76. 332NewsThe Gunman in Uvalde Left Multiple Hints Before His Attack BeganNicholas Bogel-Burroughs — May 27, 2022
  77. 338Bullied loner with home woes boasted of his little secretJoshua Thurston — Times Media Limited — May 25, 2022
  78. 340NewsUvalde Shooter Fired Outside School for 12 Minutes Before EnteringDouglas Belkin et al. — May 26, 2022
  79. 341NewsTexas School Shooting: A Timeline of EventsAnthony DeRosa — May 28, 2022
  80. 349NewsArredondo to lead school PDMelissa Federspill — February 16, 2020
  81. 350Annual Budget October 1, 2019 – September 30, 2020City of Uvalde, Texas — September 19, 2019
  82. 351NewsArredondo calls it quits on cityUvalde Leader News — July 2, 2022
  83. 356NewsTiny school police force in Uvalde took charge, then failed to go inRobert Thompson et al. — May 27, 2022
  84. 359NewsWhat did police do at Texas school shooting? A timeline emerges.Hannah Knowles et al. — May 26, 2022
  85. 362NewsAt least 17 injured in addition to the deaths, official saysArelis Hernández et al. — May 25, 2022
  86. 368NewsWhat we know about the victims of the school shooting in TexasNick Anderson et al. — May 25, 2022
  87. 369NewsBefore massacre, Uvalde gunman frequently threatened teen girlsSilvia Foster-Frau et al. — May 28, 2022
  88. 370NewsPhotos: Dozens gather to remember Uvalde shooting victims in Copley SquareCristela Guerra et al. — WBUR — May 27, 2022
  89. 371NewsTexas school shooting: 19 children, 2 adults killed before gunman shotMary Stringini — WJBK — May 24, 2022
  90. 378NewsMädchen aus Frankfurt nach Chat mit Uvalde-Attentäter verurteiltAnna-Sophia Lang — October 25, 2022
  91. 379NewsLawmaker says Texas school shooter originally from North DakotaStacie Van Dyke — KVLY-TV — May 24, 2022

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