Tadahito Mochinaga began his career drawing backgrounds for a film that would become one of the most controversial pieces of World War II propaganda ever produced. In 1943, he worked as an assistant to Seo Mitsuyo on Momotarō's Sea Eagles, a feature-length animated film depicting the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The movie was designed to glorify the Japanese military and encourage young men to join the flying corps. Mochinaga was officially in charge of backgrounds and visual effects, yet he carried a heavy burden of guilt regarding the film's impact. He later wrote in his memoirs that he heard many youths volunteered for the flying corps and died on air raids, wondering if the film he helped create influenced their decision to volunteer. He resolved that in the future, he would only make films that benefited the young, even if that proved difficult to achieve. Shortly after the release of Momotarō's Sea Eagles, Mochinaga was put in charge of Fuku-Chan's Submarine despite his own protests that he was too inexperienced. The production was a struggle, as much of his staff was drafted to the military and supplies were scarce. Fuku-Chan's Submarine was barely finished and released in 1944, a testament to the chaotic conditions of wartime Japan. Exhausted and with his home destroyed in a bombing raid, Mochinaga fled with his pregnant wife to Japan-occupied Manchuria, seeking safety with family in the puppet state of Manchukuo.
Survival in the East
Less than a month after moving to Manchuria, Japan surrendered, leaving Mochinaga and his family in a precarious position. Fearing the consequences of the Japanese army's flight, the Japanese workers attempted to escape but were captured by the Soviet army. Fortunately for Mochinaga, he was rehired at the now rebranded Northeast Film Studio. The Soviets did not seem to consider that a Japanese national could be a film worker in China, so they gave him papers identifying him as a Chinese film worker. This bureaucratic accident allowed him to survive the post-war purges and gave him the job of subtitling Soviet films for Chinese, Korean, and Japanese markets. While there, he was able to pull other Japanese refugees into the company and get them work, including Oshiro Noboru. Soon, Mochinaga found himself in another war zone as the Chinese National and Communist armies battled for dominance over Manchuria. After he and his staff were captured trying to flee to Hao Gang, he had to confess to being Japanese. However, he was captured by the Eighth Route Army, a Prisoner of War-friendly organization. In 1946, the frontline of China's Civil War moved further south, allowing Japanese nationals to finally return home. Mochinaga chose to stay, avoiding censorship by concentrating on map graphics and subtitles. During this time, there was only an estimated 20,000 feet of unexposed film left in China, forcing all filmmakers to be extremely careful with the amount of film they used. Mochinaga was forced to mix his own homemade paints from what he could scavenge.