Roy DeMeo
Roy DeMeo, a Brooklyn mobster in the Gambino crime family, was found dead on the 20th of January 1983. His body lay in the trunk of his own Cadillac Coupe DeVille, parked in the lot of the Varuna Boat Club in Sheepshead Bay. The corpse was partially frozen, and a chandelier had been laid on top of it. Detectives from the Organized Crime Control Bureau of the NYPD searched the car after it was towed to a nearby police station.
Authorities came to believe that the DeMeo crew was responsible for up to 200 murders, many of them committed by DeMeo himself. The crew had approximately twenty associates. Their business ranged across murder, car theft, drug dealing, prostitution and pornography. What made them notorious was a grisly routine for making bodies disappear.
How did the son of a laundry deliveryman from Flatlands build such a crew? What made so many killings so hard to trace? And who finally wanted DeMeo gone, and why did his own men carry it out?
Roy Albert DeMeo was born on the 7th of September 1940 in the Flatlands neighborhood of Brooklyn. His working-class Italian immigrant family came from Formia, in the region of Lazio. He was the fourth of five children. His father, Antonio Joseph "Anthony" DeMeo, delivered for a laundry company, and his mother, Eleanor, born Colarullo, kept the house.
At James Madison High School, where he graduated in 1959, DeMeo was already earning money as a loan shark. His graduating class also included the economist Walter Block and a future presidential candidate, Bernie Sanders. Between the ages of 15 and 22, DeMeo worked at a local grocery store, where he trained as an apprentice butcher.
Anthony Frank "Chubby" DeMeo, Roy's older brother and a corporal in the United States Marine Corps, was killed in action in the Korean War on the 23rd of April 1951. He was 20. Roy's father died of a heart attack on the 12th of December 1960. His mother then returned to Italy with Roy's youngest brother to live with relatives near Naples.
DeMeo started out as an associate of the Brooklyn faction of the Lucchese crime family. That faction controlled towing companies, junkyards and car theft operations in Flatlands and Canarsie. In 1966, Anthony "Nino" Gaggi, a soldier in the Gambino crime family, noticed him. Gaggi told DeMeo he could earn even more from his successful business by shifting his allegiance to the Gambinos.
Through the late 1960s, DeMeo kept up his loansharking with Gaggi and began gathering a crew of young men to steal cars. That collective became known, in the underworld and among law enforcement, as the DeMeo crew.
Harvey "Chris" Rosenberg, sixteen years old, became the first member in 1966, when he was dealing cannabis at a Canarsie gas station. DeMeo lent him money so he could buy in larger amounts. By 1972, Rosenberg had introduced his friends. The roster grew to include Joseph and Patrick Testa, Anthony Senter, Richard and Frederick DiNome, Henry Borelli and DeMeo's cousin Joseph "Dracula" Guglielmo. Vito Arena and Carlo Profeta came later.
In 1972, DeMeo also joined a Brooklyn credit union and quickly won a seat on its board of directors. He used the position to launder money from his illegal ventures. He also brought colleagues in on a side business laundering money for drug dealers. His loansharking grew on funds stolen from the credit union's reserves.
His borrowers were mostly in the car industry, but they came to include a dentist's office, an abortion clinic, restaurants and flea markets. On paper he worked for a Brooklyn firm called S & C Sportswear Corporation. He told his neighbors he was in construction, food retailing and used cars.
Salvatore Vitale, an underboss of the Bonanno family, later told the Federal Bureau of Investigation that in 1974 he was ordered to deliver a freshly murdered man to a garage in Queens. DeMeo was to dispose of the corpse.
Andrei Katz, a young auto repair shop owner, was DeMeo's partner in a stolen car ring, and by late 1974 the two were in open conflict. In January 1975, Katz went to the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office and volunteered information about Rosenberg's part in car theft. An NYPD auto crimes detective on DeMeo's payroll told him about the visit right afterward.
DeMeo ordered Borelli to contact an acquaintance, Babette Judith Questel, about serving as bait. In May 1975, Katz appeared before a Brooklyn grand jury and told what he knew of the crew's activities.
On the 13th of June 1975, Questel lured Katz to her apartment for what he believed was a date. Crew members abducted him the moment he arrived. They took him to the meat department of a supermarket in Rockaway Beach and stabbed him repeatedly with a butcher knife. After he was decapitated, his head was run through a machine normally used to compact cardboard boxes.
The remains went into plastic bags and then into the supermarket's dumpster. Days later, a pedestrian walking his dog spotted one of Katz's legs lying on a curb near the store. Police told the press only that a grisly, brutal killing had occurred. Dental records identified the body two days later.
The crew had left evidence on a curb for a stranger to find, and over the following years it refined its practice. By the late 1970s it had a set method, used for most killings except those meant to send a message or those with no alternative. The underworld named it the Gemini Method, after the Gemini Lounge. That bar was the crew's main hangout and the place where most victims died.
The process became known through crew members and associates who turned government witnesses in the early 1980s. A victim was lured through the lounge's side door into an apartment in the back of the building. A crew member would then approach with a silenced pistol in one hand and a towel in the other. According to Frederick DiNome, that man was almost always DeMeo.
He shot the victim in the head and wrapped the towel around the wound like a turban to stanch the bleeding. Another crew member, originally Rosenberg, stabbed the victim in the heart so that no more blood would pump out. The body was stripped and dragged to a bathroom, where the remaining blood drained or congealed. That made the next step less messy. The crew then laid the body on plastic sheets and cut off the arms, legs and head.
The parts were bagged, packed in cardboard boxes and sent to the Fountain Avenue landfill in Brooklyn. So many tons of garbage arrived there each day that discovery was nearly impossible. When authorities began investigating the crew in the early 1980s, they planned to excavate parts of the dump. They aborted the plan as too costly and unlikely to yield meaningful evidence.
The landfill sat opposite the Starrett City Apartment Complex on Pennsylvania Avenue in East New York. It closed in 1985 and was capped over and converted into parkland.
Not every victim met this fate. Suspected informants, or anyone who disrespected a member of the crew or its superiors, sometimes had their bodies left in the streets as a warning. When a target could not be lured to the lounge, other locations were used. A cabin cruiser owned by Richard DiNome carried remains out to sea on at least one occasion.
The Gemini Lounge itself later became a storefront church.
In the latter half of 1975, DeMeo became a silent partner in a peep show and prostitution business in Bricktown, New Jersey. Its owner could no longer pay his loansharking debts. DeMeo also sold illegal pornography of the most taboo kinds to that business and to connections in Rhode Island.
Gaggi found out and demanded that DeMeo stop, on pain of death. DeMeo defied him, and Gaggi did not retaliate. According to Gaggi's nephew Dominick Montiglio, the subject was never raised again as long as DeMeo kept paying Gaggi.
DeMeo also dealt in narcotics, which the Gambino family strictly forbade. He financed a major operation importing Colombian cannabis, unloaded from an offshore freighter and sold at auto shops in Canarsie. He also sold cocaine out of the Gemini Lounge.
As 1975 closed, the Internal Revenue Service was investigating DeMeo's income. His credit union had been pushed into insolvency by the plundering of its finances, and he quit it. Before an indictment could arrive, he produced false affidavits from friends and acquaintances claiming he was on their payrolls. The documents accounted for part of his income and let him reach a settlement with the IRS.
By July 1976, DeMeo had added a used car firm, Team Auto Wholesalers, to his loan customers. Its owner, Matthew Rega, also bought stolen vehicles from the crew and resold them at a car lot he owned in New Jersey. DeMeo also got involved in hijacking delivery trucks from John F. Kennedy International Airport. Edward "Danny" Grillo, a hijacker just released from prison, joined the crew.
In the fall of 1976, Carlo Gambino, boss of the Gambino family, died of natural causes. Paul Castellano, head of the Brooklyn faction, succeeded him. Aniello Dellacroce, head of the Manhattan faction, stayed on as underboss. Gaggi was promoted to caporegime, or captain, taking over the crew Castellano had led. DeMeo's mentor was now closer to the leadership, and with Gambino gone, new associates could in theory become official members.
Castellano did not immediately open the books. He promoted existing members and reshuffled his captains. He allegedly opposed making DeMeo, looked down on street-level members and preferred white-collar crime. He also thought DeMeo was uncontrollable. Gaggi's attempts to persuade him were rejected again and again, and by 1977 DeMeo was distraught.
His way in came from Hell's Kitchen. Mickey Spillane, leader of a rival Irish gang, was delaying construction of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, to Castellano's frustration, because Castellano had an interest in the project. Spillane was murdered in May 1977, and the killing went unsolved. James "Jimmy" Coonan, leader of the Irish-American gang known as the Westies, took over the Irish mob rackets on Manhattan's West Side.
DeMeo saw a chance to build a vast source of income for the Gambinos and persuaded Gaggi to consider a partnership with the Westies. Coonan and his second-in-command, Mickey Featherstone, were called to a meeting with Castellano. They agreed to become a de facto arm of the family and share ten percent of all profits. In return, the Westies would share in several lucrative union deals and take on murder contracts for the family.
That pivotal role reportedly convinced Castellano to give DeMeo his "button." DeMeo was made in mid-1977 and put in charge of all family business with the Westies. He was told to get permission before committing any murder and to avoid drug dealing. His crew kept selling large amounts of cocaine, cannabis and narcotic pills. The killings also continued without sanction.
In 1977, DeMeo's crew killed Johnathan Quinn, a car thief suspected of cooperating with law enforcement, along with Cherie Golden, Quinn's nineteen-year-old girlfriend. The bodies were dumped where they would be found, as a warning to anyone tempted to cooperate with authorities.
Frederick DiNome, formerly DeMeo's chauffeur, joined the crew in 1978. That same year, DeMeo and his men murdered Grillo, who had fallen deeply into debt to DeMeo and was believed to be growing susceptible to police pressure. His body was dismembered and disposed of like many of the crew's victims. It was the first known case of internal crew discipline.
Rosenberg was next. He had arranged a drug deal with a Cuban man living in Florida, then murdered the man and his associates when they came to New York to complete the sale. The Cuban had ties to a Cuban drug cartel, so the Gambino family risked violence unless Rosenberg was dealt with. DeMeo was ordered to kill him but stalled for weeks.
During that stall, DeMeo committed his most public murder. Dominick Ragucci was a college student with no criminal ties who paid his tuition as a door-to-door salesman. DeMeo saw Ragucci parked outside his home in Massapequa Park, Long Island, and took him for a Cuban assassin. With Joseph Guglielmo and Frederick DiNome, he chased Ragucci for seven miles along Route 110, through Amityville and Farmingdale. DeMeo shot the student dead.
DeMeo went home, gathered his family and drove them out of Long Island to a hotel in upstate New York, where he left them for two weeks. His son Albert said DeMeo broke down crying when he realized he had killed an innocent teenager, and that he did not eat for several days. The killing also strained his marriage to Gladys, who until then had been able to ignore her husband's criminal activities.
DeMeo had married Gladys Rosamond Brittain, who lived from 1939 to 2002, in 1960. In 1966, they moved into a custom-built home in Massapequa Park with their three children, two daughters and a son. DeMeo was raised Catholic but stopped practicing later in life, and the children were raised in their mother's Lutheran faith. By all accounts he was a devoted family man. Albert recalled, "I grew up in a very normal household."
Gaggi, infuriated by the Ragucci killing, ordered DeMeo to kill Rosenberg before more innocent people died. On Friday the 11th of May 1979, Rosenberg arrived at the Gemini Lounge for the crew's usual weekly meeting. Shortly after, DeMeo fired a single bullet into his head. The usually ice-cold DeMeo hesitated when the still-living Rosenberg rose off the floor onto one knee. Senter moved in and finished him with four shots.
Rosenberg's body was not dismembered. The Cubans had demanded that his murder make the newspapers, so the crew left him in his car on the side of Cross Bay Boulevard, near the Gateway National Wildlife Refuge in Broad Channel, Queens. Albert said his father went into his study room when he came home and did not emerge for two days.
Afterward, DeMeo spent six weeks hiding with Guglielmo in a safe house near 42nd Street in Times Square. He grew a full beard and wore a baseball cap and sunglasses in public.
Hundreds of stolen cars passed through the operation the FBI called the Empire Boulevard Operation. It grew out of DeMeo's expansion in the second half of 1979 and became the largest car theft operation in New York's history. The cars were shipped from Port Newark to Kuwait and Puerto Rico.
DeMeo assembled five active partners, each earning roughly $30,000 a week in profit. Cigarettes and pornographic magazines also went to the Middle East. Other associates and crew members stole the cars off New York streets. One was Vito Arena, a long-time car thief and armed robber who joined DeMeo in 1978 after murdering his old partner.
In 1979, a legitimate car dealer threatened to inform the police and nearly stopped the operation. He was murdered along with an uninvolved acquaintance before he could talk to authorities.
In late 1979, a conflict opened with James Eppolito and James Eppolito Jr., two made Gambino members in Gaggi's crew. They were the paternal uncle and cousin of Louis Eppolito, a corrupt former NYPD detective. Louis's father, Ralph, brother of James Sr., was also a made member of the family.
The elder Eppolito met Castellano and accused DeMeo and Gaggi of drug dealing, an offense that carried the death penalty. Castellano, a close ally of Gaggi, sided against Eppolito and gave Gaggi permission to do as he pleased.
On the 1st of October 1979, Gaggi and DeMeo shot both Eppolitos to death in the younger man's car as they drove toward the Gemini Lounge. A passing driver saw the shots fired inside the parked car and alerted a nearby police officer. A shootout followed, and Gaggi was arrested with a bullet wound in his neck. DeMeo had split from Gaggi as they left the scene, so he was neither arrested nor identified by the witness.
Gaggi was charged with murder and the attempted murder of a police officer. Through jury tampering, he was convicted only of assault and sentenced to five to fifteen years in federal prison. In March 1980, shortly after the sentencing, DeMeo murdered the witness.
The Empire Boulevard Operation kept growing into 1980. That summer, agents from the Newark branch of the FBI raided the warehouse that served as its headquarters. In May 1981, Borelli and Frederick DiNome were arrested for their roles. There was not enough evidence to arrest any of the other active partners. DeMeo ordered the two to plead guilty, hoping that would end the investigations into his activities.
By 1982, the FBI was looking into the enormous number of missing and murdered people linked to DeMeo or last seen entering the Gemini Lounge. On the 4th of June 1982, Arena was arrested for a string of robberies, and he began cooperating with a state and federal task force. DeMeo and his crew went into hiding through the summer and fall. DeMeo eventually emerged to consult lawyers, expecting an indictment from the Southern District of New York.
Arena knew the chain of command in the Gambino family, which alarmed Gaggi and Castellano. Castellano began conspiring to have DeMeo killed. An FBI bug in the home of Gambino soldier Angelo Ruggiero picked up Ruggiero talking with Gene Gotti, brother of John Gotti. They discussed how Castellano had put out a hit on DeMeo but was struggling to find anyone willing to do it.
Gene said John was wary of the contract because DeMeo had an "army of killers" around him. They also noted that John had killed fewer than ten people, while DeMeo had killed thirty-seven that they knew of. According to the informant Sammy Gravano, the job went to Frank DeCicco, who also could not reach DeMeo. DeCicco allegedly handed it to DeMeo's own men.
Albert DeMeo wrote that in his father's final days DeMeo was depressed and paranoid and knew he would soon be killed. In the winter of 1982-83 he rarely left his mansion. When he did, he wore a leather jacket with a sawn-off shotgun hidden underneath. He considered faking his own death by having his son shoot him, then laying low.
On the 10th of January 1983, DeMeo went to the home of crew member Patrick Testa for a meeting with his men. That night he missed the birthday party of his daughter Dione, and his family grew suspicious. Albert later found his father's watch, wallet and ring in the study room, along with a Catholic pamphlet.
A bullet wound in DeMeo's hand was assumed by law enforcement to be a defensive wound from the moment his killers opened fire. The task force theorized he had been set up much as he had set up Rosenberg, with Gaggi, Patrick Testa and Senter present. Albert also believed his father was killed by members of his own crew.
In April 1984, a wiretap overheard Colombo family soldier Ralph Scopo telling an associate that DeMeo's own family had killed him. They feared he could not stand up to the legal charges from the Empire Boulevard Operation. Scopo said Castellano also "had to put him away" because DeMeo "was crazy and had cast-iron balls."
Anthony "Gaspipe" Casso, a Lucchese family underboss turned government witness, gave a different account. He said Castellano ordered John Gotti and DeCicco to kill DeMeo, but they could not get near him. DeCicco suggested Casso, who knew Senter and Joseph Testa well, and Casso told the pair there would be no retribution and that they could join the Lucchese family afterward.
DeMeo went to Patrick Testa's home to collect money he was owed. Joseph Testa and Senter were both there. As DeMeo sat down to wait for a cup of coffee, they shot him dead. Casso added that Castellano's order sealed Castellano's own fate, since Gotti and DeCicco were already planning to kill him and would never have dared while DeMeo lived.
In 1984, a 78-count indictment named twenty-four defendants, including Castellano, Gaggi and the surviving members of the DeMeo crew. The charges covered car theft, racketeering and drug trafficking. Castellano was also indicted for ordering DeMeo's murder.
In December 1985, Castellano was killed while out on bail in the middle of the first trial. John Gotti, who ordered that killing, became the new boss of the Gambino family. Gaggi became the lead defendant and soon after died of natural causes.
In March 1986, six members of the DeMeo crew were convicted. Borelli and one other defendant were found guilty of two counts of murder, for killing two people who threatened to expose the car theft ring. In June 1989, nine more members were convicted, including Senter and Joseph Testa. At sentencing, both received life terms for murder plus an additional twenty years for racketeering.
Prosecutor William Mack Jr. said, "The Roy DeMeo Crew is the most violent crew ever prosecuted in federal court, as far as my knowledge." He added that DeMeo "engaged in wholesale slaughter."
The convictions rested largely on testimony from former members Frederick DiNome and Dominick Montiglio, and from Vito Arena. Montiglio turned when he learned that his uncle Gaggi had put a contract on his life. He spent twenty years in the witness protection program.
The witnesses' own fates were bleak. Richard DiNome was murdered in 1984. Frederick DiNome died in 1989 in what was ruled a suicide. Arena left New York that year after serving six years of an eighteen-year sentence, and he was killed in a robbery in Texas in 1991.
Jerry Capeci and Gene Mustaine published the book Murder Machine about DeMeo in 1992. Albert DeMeo, who had become a stockbroker, suffered a nervous breakdown after its release and was later diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. He wrote his own account of growing up, For the Sins of My Father, published in 2002.
Michael A. Miranda played DeMeo in the 2001 film Boss of Bosses. Ray Liotta took the role in the 2012 adaptation of Anthony Bruno's book about Richard Kuklinski, The Iceman: The True Story of a Cold-Blooded Killer. Danny A. Abeckaser played him most recently, in the 2023 film Inside Man.
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Common questions
Who was Roy DeMeo?
Roy DeMeo was an American mobster in the Gambino crime family of New York City, born on the 7th of September 1940 in Flatlands, Brooklyn. He led the DeMeo crew, a group of approximately twenty associates involved in murder, car theft, drug dealing, prostitution and pornography.
What was the Gemini Method used by Roy DeMeo's crew?
The Gemini Method was the crew's routine for killing a victim and making the body disappear. Victims were shot, stabbed in the heart, dismembered and the parts sent to the Fountain Avenue landfill in Brooklyn. It was named after the Gemini Lounge, the bar where most victims were killed.
How many murders was Roy DeMeo's crew responsible for?
The DeMeo crew is believed to be responsible for up to 200 murders, many committed by DeMeo himself. Prosecutor William Mack Jr. called it the most violent crew ever prosecuted in federal court, as far as his knowledge.
How did Roy DeMeo die?
Roy DeMeo was shot multiple times in the head, and his body was found on the 20th of January 1983 in the trunk of his Cadillac Coupe DeVille at the Varuna Boat Club in Sheepshead Bay. Investigators and his son Albert believed members of his own crew killed him. Anthony Casso said Castellano ordered the killing, and that Anthony Senter and Joseph Testa shot DeMeo at Patrick Testa's home.
Why was Roy DeMeo killed?
The Gambino family feared DeMeo would not stand up to the legal charges from the Empire Boulevard car theft operation, especially after Vito Arena began cooperating with authorities. Ralph Scopo said on a wiretap that Paul Castellano also felt DeMeo was crazy.
What was the Empire Boulevard Operation run by Roy DeMeo?
The Empire Boulevard Operation was the name the FBI gave to DeMeo's car theft ring, the largest in New York's history. It shipped hundreds of stolen cars from Port Newark to Kuwait and Puerto Rico, and each of five active partners earned roughly $30,000 a week.
What happened to Roy DeMeo's crew after his death?
A 78-count indictment in 1984 named twenty-four defendants. Six crew members were convicted in March 1986 and nine more in June 1989, including Anthony Senter and Joseph Testa, who received life sentences plus twenty years for racketeering.
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