Rafael Nadal
Rafael Nadal turned 19 on the 3rd of June 2005, and he spent the day beating Roger Federer in the semi-final of the French Open. Federer lost to only four players during that entire year. Nadal was one of them.
Nadal had been born in 1986 in Manacor, a town on the island of Mallorca. He went on to beat Mariano Puerta in the final, and he became the second man to win the French Open on his first attempt. No male teenager had won a major singles title since Pete Sampras took the 1990 US Open at 19.
How does a boy from a small Mallorcan town arrive at a moment like that? What happens to a body that is asked to win at that level for two decades? And who stood on the other side of the net while it happened? The answers begin with a family, a stern uncle, and a decision about which hand to hold the racket in.
Sebastián Nadal Homar owned an insurance company, a glass and window business and a restaurant. His wife, Ana María Parera Femenías, had run a perfume shop until she gave it up to raise their children. Those children were Rafael and his younger sister, María Isabel. Sport ran through the family. Uncle Miguel Ángel Nadal played football for RCD Mallorca, FC Barcelona and the Spanish national team, and he once arranged for his nephew to have a photo taken in the Barcelona dressing room with Ronaldo, the boy's hero.
Another uncle, the coach Toni Nadal, introduced Rafael to tennis at the age of three at the Manacor Tennis Club, where Toni worked. Football still came first. Rafael played it in the streets of Manacor with his friends, and he did not start playing tennis regularly until he was five.
Toni's methods were not gentle. In group sessions he singled out his nephew, shouted at him instead of the other children, and made him pick up balls and sweep the courts. In his 2011 autobiography, Nadal admitted that he feared his uncle and dreaded their solo practices. He sometimes went home from lessons in tears.
At eight, Nadal won an under-12 regional championship, and Toni answered by training him harder. After studying the boy's two-handed forehand, Toni suggested that he play left-handed to gain a natural advantage. The change was reportedly difficult. Toni eased it by asking for 20 minutes a day, then lengthening the time until the switch was complete.
The titles came quickly. Nadal won the Spanish junior championships in 1997 and 1998, beating Ricardo Villacorta and then Marcel Granollers. In 1998 he reached the final of the Spanish under-14 championship at only 12 years old, a feat nobody has matched since. That same year he won the season-ending Junior Masters for under-12s in Stuttgart, beating Kevin Anderson, who later reached world No. 5.
In February 1998, in Auray, he won the Open Super 12, an unofficial world championship for under-12s, beating 1997 winner Jamie Murray in the final. Nadal later said that the win helped him "opt for tennis and try an international career". The choice was hard because Miguel Ángel was then preparing to play for Spain at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. His father settled it by insisting that he pick one sport so his schoolwork would not suffer, and Nadal quit football.
In 2000 he dominated the under-14 circuit. He won Les Petits As in Tarbes, beating Julien Gely in the final, and the European Junior Masters in Prato. On the day he turned 14, he beat Granollers in the final of the Sport Goofy Trophy in Getxo. In July he won the Spanish under-14 championships over his friend Tomeu Salvá, even though he broke a finger on his left hand in the first round. With Granollers as his doubles partner, he also won his singles and doubles matches in Spain's 3-0 victory over Russia at the ITF World Junior Championship.
Those results earned him a tennis scholarship in Barcelona, and the Spanish tennis federation asked him to move there. His family refused, partly because of fears for his education. Toni gave another reason: "I don't want to believe that you have to go to America or other places to be a good athlete. You can do it from your home." Nadal already practiced three times a week in Palma with former world No. 1 Carlos Moyá, whom he beat in a 2000 exhibition match while Moyá was still a top-10 player. Staying home meant less federation money, so Sebastián Nadal paid the costs himself.
Madrid, the 11th of September 2001, was the setting for Nadal's first professional main draw, at a Futures event. He squandered 13 match points against Guillermo Platel-Varas in the opening round. He had turned professional at the start of that year, aged 14. Earlier in 2001 he had reached the semi-finals of junior Wimbledon, helped Spain beat the United States in the Junior Davis Cup final, and beaten former major champion Pat Cash in a clay-court exhibition in May.
A wild card into the Challenger event in Seville produced his first professional win, 6-4 6-4 over world No. 751 Israel Matos Gil. The victory earned him his first five ATP points and made him world No. 1002. He ended 2001 at No. 811, still only 15.
On the 29th of April 2002, holding a wild card at the ATP 250 event on Mallorca and ranked 762nd, Nadal beat No. 81 Ramón Delgado for his first ATP match win. He became the ninth player in the Open Era to manage that before turning 16. He then stayed off the court for two months to study for school exams, which meant skipping the junior French Open. From July to December he won six of the nine Futures events he entered, and he finished the year at No. 199.
The first three months of 2003 brought 19 Challenger wins and a place inside the top 150. At the Monte Carlo Masters he beat 2002 French Open champion Albert Costa, then ranked No. 7, for his first win over a top-10 player. In Hamburg, at 16, he upset No. 4 Carlos Moyá. At Wimbledon, in his first major main draw, he beat Mario Ančić and reached the third round, the youngest man to do so since Boris Becker in 1984. His first ATP title, in doubles with Álex López Morón at Umag, came against Todd Perry and Thomas Shimada. A Challenger win in Segovia lifted him into the top 50 and won him the ATP Newcomer of the Year Award.
In the Davis Cup final of 2004, played on clay in Spain, the 18-year-old Nadal beat world No. 2 Andy Roddick. At 18 years and six months, he became the youngest player to win a singles match in a Davis Cup final for the winning nation. That year he also met Federer for the first time, in the third round at Miami, and won in straight sets. A stress fracture in his left ankle at Estoril, suffered during a win over Richard Gasquet, cost him three months, including the French Open and Wimbledon. His first ATP singles title came at the Prokom Open, where he beat No. 105 José Acasuso in the final.
The spring of 2005 brought 24 straight wins, which passed Andre Agassi's Open Era record for a male teenager. A title in Barcelona over Juan Carlos Ferrero put Nadal in the top 10 for the first time. Finals wins over Guillermo Coria in Monte Carlo and Rome carried him to world No. 5. After Paris, he won the Canada Masters, beating Agassi in the final for his first hard-court title, and on the 25th of July 2005 he reached No. 2, where he stayed for three years behind Federer. His 11 titles that season broke Mats Wilander's teenage record of nine, set in 1983, and earned him the ATP Most Improved Player award. The fourth of his Masters titles that year came indoors in Madrid against Ivan Ljubičić, still his biggest indoor title.
Of Nadal's 92 singles titles, 63 came on clay, and the streaks behind them are stranger than the total. In 2006 he beat Robin Söderling in the first round at Paris and broke Guillermo Vilas's 29-year-old male record of 53 consecutive clay-court wins. The run kept going until it reached 81 matches, the longest on any single surface in the Open Era. Federer ended it by beating him in the Hamburg final in 2007. A separate streak began after a loss to Moyá in the semi-finals at Umag in 2003. Nadal then won 52 consecutive clay semi-finals, until the 2015 Rio Open.
Monte Carlo was his private estate. He beat Federer in the final there three years running, and in 2008 he became the first man to win four straight titles there since Anthony Wilding in 1914. In 2010 he became the first Open Era man to win the same tournament six years in a row. By 2012 the run had reached eight, with Novak Djokovic beaten in the final, and Djokovic ended it in 2013. His tenth title in 2017 was the most any player had won at a single event in the Open Era. In 2018 he added an eleventh without losing a set, beating Kei Nishikori in the final.
Barcelona and Rome followed the same pattern. In 2021 Nadal won a record twelfth Barcelona Open, saving a championship point against Stefanos Tsitsipas in a final of 3 hours and 38 minutes. That was the longest best-of-three-set ATP Tour final since the tour began publishing statistics in 1991. A few weeks later he took a tenth Italian Open title, saving two match points against Denis Shapovalov before he beat Djokovic in the final. In 2010 a win over Federer at Madrid had completed a clean sweep of the three clay Masters 1000 titles.
Even his clay defeats entered the record books. At Madrid in 2009 he saved three match points to beat Djokovic in a semi-final lasting 4 hours and 3 minutes, then the longest three-set match on the ATP Tour. Exhausted, he lost the final to Federer. In 2012 Madrid switched to blue clay, and Nadal threatened to skip future events unless red clay returned. Several players, Djokovic among them, felt the same way. In 2018 he won 50 consecutive sets on clay, passing John McEnroe's mark of 49 on one surface, before Dominic Thiem beat him at Madrid.
Paris was bigger still. In 2008 Nadal won the French Open without losing a set. He beat Federer in the final for the third straight year, dropping only four games and handing Federer his first bagel since 1999. That fourth consecutive title tied Björn Borg's all-time record. In 2009 he broke Borg's mark of 28 consecutive French Open wins, then Chris Evert's 29, before Söderling beat him in the fourth round on the 31st of May. It was his first loss at the tournament. Former champion Mats Wilander said afterwards: "Everybody's in a state of shock, I would think. At some point, Nadal was going to lose. But nobody expected it to happen today, and maybe not this year."
The titles resumed. In 2012 a seventh title made him the most successful man in French Open history, ahead of Borg. In 2013 an eighth made him the first man to win any major eight times. In 2017 came La Décima, Spanish for "the tenth", beating Stan Wawrinka while dropping just 35 games in seven matches. He was the first man in the Open Era to win ten titles at a single major. The eleventh, in 2018, tied Margaret Court's record at one major, and the twelfth in 2019 passed it. In 2022 he beat Casper Ruud in the final for a 14th title and a 22nd major overall, becoming the then-oldest French Open champion. A few days earlier, his first-round win over Jordan Thompson had been his 106th at the tournament, the most by any player at a single major.
Five hours and five minutes is how long the 2006 Italian Open final lasted, the longest match Nadal and Federer ever played. Nadal won it in a fifth-set tiebreak after saving two match points. The New York Times compared the pair to Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in boxing. Earlier that year Nadal had ended Federer's 56-match hard-court winning streak in the final at Dubai. Then, in the 2006 French Open final, he became the first player to beat Federer in a major final.
Grass was where Federer answered back. He won the Wimbledon finals of 2006 and 2007, the second in five sets. Between those meetings, Mallorca hosted the Battle of Surfaces, an exhibition match on a court that was half grass and half clay, which Nadal won. In 2008 the pair met in their third consecutive Wimbledon final, and this time many analysts picked Nadal. It lasted 4 hours and 48 minutes, and rain delays forced Nadal to win the fifth set 9-7 in near-darkness. It was the longest Wimbledon final to that point, and many critics call it the greatest match in tennis history. It ended Federer's run of five Wimbledon titles and 65 straight grass-court wins. On the 18th of August 2008, Nadal clinched the world No. 1 ranking, ending Federer's record four-and-a-half-year reign.
Hard courts offered a different story. Nadal beat Federer in a five-set final at the 2009 Australian Open, their first meeting in a hard-court major, and became the first Spaniard to win the title there. In 2017 Federer won the Australian Open final in five sets, the first time he had beaten Nadal in a major since the 2007 Wimbledon final. In 2019 Nadal beat Federer in the French Open semi-final and lost to him in a four-set Wimbledon semi-final. Their last match together came at the 2022 Laver Cup, where they played doubles for Team Europe. They lost to Jack Sock and Frances Tiafoe, and it was Federer's final professional match.
Novak Djokovic first faced him in the quarterfinals of the 2006 French Open. By the Madrid semi-final in 2009, Nadal led their head-to-head 14-4. The balance then shifted. The 2012 Australian Open final lasted 5 hours and 53 minutes, the longest Grand Slam final by duration, and Nadal lost after winning the first set. It is the only time he lost a major final after taking the opening set, and he called it "one of the toughest moments in my career". Months later, in Monte Carlo, he ended a streak of seven straight final losses to Djokovic by dropping only four games. At the French Open that year, a rain delay pushed the final into a second day. It was their fourth consecutive major final against each other, which only Serena and Venus Williams had matched before.
The 2013 French Open semi-final lasted 4 hours and 37 minutes, with Nadal rallying from a break down in the fifth set. At Wimbledon in 2018, their semi-final took 5 hours and 17 minutes over two days, and Djokovic won the fifth set 10-8. The finals could be lopsided. Nadal won only eight games at the 2019 Australian Open, his first straight-sets defeat in a major final, and the 2020 French Open final went his way with Djokovic winning just seven games. By the 2022 French Open quarterfinal, they were meeting for the 59th time, and Nadal won in four sets.
In the 2010 US Open final, Nadal beat Djokovic to complete his first Career Grand Slam. At 24, he was then the youngest man in the Open Era to do so. He also became the second man after Andre Agassi to complete the Career Golden Slam, and the first to win majors on clay, grass and hard courts in a single year. No man had taken the French Open, Wimbledon and US Open in one year since Rod Laver in 1969. The title clinched the year-end No. 1 ranking.
Djokovic said that Nadal had "the capabilities already to become the best player ever", adding that "he has the game now for each surface, and he has won each major". Nadal himself called 2010 his best year. At Wimbledon that summer he received a $2,000 fine for coaching during a five-set third-round win over Philipp Petzschner, then beat Tomáš Berdych in the final for his second Wimbledon title and eighth major.
Hard courts paid generously later. In 2013 Nadal beat Djokovic in the US Open final to complete the Summer Slam and clinch the US Open Series. The prize was $3.6 million, the most money earned by a man at a single tournament. In 2017 a third US Open title, against Kevin Anderson, gave him two majors in a year for the first time since 2013. On the 11th of September 2017, he and Garbiñe Muguruza made Spain the first country since the United States 14 years earlier to hold both the ATP and WTA top spots. He finished that year at No. 1 for the fourth time, and he was the first player over 30 to do so.
At the 2019 US Open, he beat Daniil Medvedev in five sets for a fourth title there and his 19th major. That year-end No. 1 finish was his fifth. He was then the oldest player to hold the top spot at year's end, and the eleven-year gap between his first, in 2008, and last, in 2019, was a record. The 20th major came at the 2020 French Open and equalled Federer's men's singles record.
In January 2022 Nadal won the Australian Open final against Medvedev in five sets after trailing by two sets. It was his second Australian title, his 21st major and his 90th ATP title. The win took him past Djokovic and Federer for the most men's singles majors, and it made him the second man in the Open Era, after Djokovic, to complete the double Career Grand Slam.
At the 2020 Paris Masters, a second-round win over Feliciano López was his 1,000th tour victory, making him the fourth man in the Open Era to reach that milestone. A few days earlier, on the 9th of November 2020, he had reached his 790th consecutive week in the top ten of the rankings, passing the record held by Jimmy Connors.
A foot injury kept Nadal out of the 2005 Tennis Masters Cup, and another cost him the 2006 Australian Open. By the 2007 US Open he was dealing with a knee injury, and a knee problem ended his 2008 season when he withdrew from the Paris Masters. In 2009, tendinitis in both knees forced him out of Queen's and Wimbledon.
The 2011 US Open produced a vivid picture of the toll. After beating David Nalbandian in the fourth round, Nadal collapsed in his post-match press conference with severe cramps. A few weeks earlier, burns to his right hand from an accident at a Japanese restaurant had hampered him at Cincinnati, where he lost to Mardy Fish. In 2012, Lukáš Rosol beat him in five sets in the second round at Wimbledon, and tendinitis in his knee ended his season. He finished that year ranked No. 4, the first time in eight years that he was not first or second.
A stomach virus kept him out of the 2013 Australian Open. He returned in Chile, where No. 73 Horacio Zeballos beat him in the final. Eight straight finals followed, with seven titles and a 43-2 record. Yet at Wimbledon, Steve Darcis, the lowest-ranked player ever to beat him at a major up to that time, beat him in the first round. It was his first first-round loss at a major. By October Nadal had regained the No. 1 ranking.
In the 2014 Australian Open final against Stanislas Wawrinka, whom he led 12-0 in their meetings, a back injury struck during the warm-up and worsened as the match went on. He lost in four sets. Appendicitis hit him in Shanghai, and surgery ended his season. In 2015, Fabio Fognini beat him in the third round of the US Open despite his two-set lead, ending a record ten-year streak of winning at least one major. Earlier that year he had fallen out of the top five for the first time since 2005. In 2016, a left wrist injury from Madrid forced him out of the French Open after his second-round win, giving Marcel Granollers a walkover, and then out of Wimbledon. It was his first year since 2004 without a major quarter-final.
A hip injury forced him to retire from the quarterfinals of the 2018 Australian Open against Marin Čilić. Knee pain made him retire from his US Open semi-final against Juan Martín del Potro that same year. In August 2021 he announced that a left foot problem would end his season, and his ranking fell to No. 6. At Wimbledon in 2022 he aggravated an abdominal injury after beating Taylor Fritz and had to withdraw.
At the 2023 Australian Open, hampered by a hip injury, he lost to Mackenzie McDonald in the second round and did not play on tour again that year. On the 20th of March 2023, he left the top 10 for the first time since the 25th of April 2005, ending the longest top-10 streak in ATP rankings history at 18 consecutive years. His 2024 season began in Brisbane, where he beat Dominic Thiem and Jason Kubler. Against Jordan Thompson, he suffered a muscle injury that forced him to miss the Australian Open.
In December 2009 Nadal beat Tomáš Berdych in the Davis Cup final, and Spain secured its fourth title. Two years later he helped Spain win again with victories over Juan Mónaco and Juan Martín del Potro. At the 2019 Davis Cup Finals he helped Spain beat Canada for its sixth title. He extended his Davis Cup singles winning streak to 29 matches, for a 29-1 overall record, and won the tournament's Most Valuable Player award. At the inaugural ATP Cup in 2020, Spain reached the final, where Djokovic beat him in straight sets and Serbia won.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Nadal beat Fernando González in the final to win singles gold. Eight years later in Rio, he partnered Marc López to win doubles gold for Spain over Romania's Florin Mergea and Horia Tecau. That made him the second man in the Open Era to hold Olympic gold medals in both singles and doubles. Earlier at those Games, his quarterfinal win over Thomaz Bellucci was his 800th career win, though he lost the singles bronze match to Kei Nishikori.
The tour statistics show how he won. As a left-hander, Nadal built his game around a forehand struck with heavy topspin. He regularly ranked among the tour leaders in return games, return points and break points won.
The honors collected around him. Nadal won the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award five times and was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year in 2011 and 2021. In 2022 Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world. He holds the title of 1st Marquess of Llevant de Mallorca. He has opened a tennis academy in Mallorca and is an active philanthropist.
The 2024 Davis Cup Finals, played for Spain, were his last event before he retired from the sport. By then the ATP had ranked him world No. 1 for 209 weeks, and his résumé included 36 Masters titles and 11 doubles titles.
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Common questions
When was Rafael Nadal born and where is he from?
Rafael Nadal was born on the 3rd of June 1986 in Manacor, on the island of Mallorca, Spain. His parents are Ana María Parera Femenías and Sebastián Nadal Homar.
Who introduced Rafael Nadal to tennis?
His uncle Toni Nadal, a coach at the Manacor Tennis Club, introduced Rafael Nadal to tennis at the age of three. Toni also encouraged him to play left-handed.
How many French Open titles did Rafael Nadal win?
Rafael Nadal won 14 French Open titles, a record. His first came in 2005 on his first attempt and his 14th came in 2022 when he beat Casper Ruud in the final.
What is Rafael Nadal's longest winning streak on clay?
Rafael Nadal won 81 consecutive matches on clay, the longest single-surface winning streak in the Open Era. Roger Federer ended it in the Hamburg final in 2007.
What was the 2008 Wimbledon final between Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer?
The 2008 Wimbledon final lasted 4 hours and 48 minutes, and Nadal won the fifth set 9-7 in near-darkness after rain delays. It ended Federer's streak of five Wimbledon titles and 65 straight grass-court wins.
How many major titles did Rafael Nadal win in his career?
Rafael Nadal won 22 major singles titles, the last being the 2022 French Open. His 21st, at the 2022 Australian Open, put him past Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer for the most men's singles majors at that time.
When did Rafael Nadal retire from tennis?
Rafael Nadal retired from professional tennis after playing for Spain in the 2024 Davis Cup Finals.
All sources
596 references cited across the entry
- 2Rafael Nadal: The Warrior Next DoorNeil Edward Schlecht — 19 November 2024
- 117MagazineWithout a doubt, it's the greatestJon Wertheim — 9 July 2008
- 134BBC Sport Tennis22 March 2009
- 236Nadal outlasts Djokovic to face Ferrer in French Open finalChristopher Clarey — 7 June 2013
- 284Kei Nishikori takes advantage of drained Rafael Nadal to win bronzeKevin Mitchell — 14 August 2016
- 303Nadal beats Zverev for record 8th Italian Open title2018-05-20
- 307Djokovic Outlasts Nadal In Wimbledon SF Epic14 July 2018
- 308Top 10 of '18, No. 1: Djokovic tops Nadal in two-day Wimbledon classicSteve Tignor — 14 December 2018
- 3535 @RafaelNadal earns his 300th #GrandSlam win by defeating WC Moutet 6–3 6–1 6–4 and advances to 3R @rolandgarros for the 18th year in a row. #Nadal broke 7 times and hit 27 winners en route to his 107th #RolandGarros victory.25 May 2022
- 354Rafael Nadal Tops Novak Djokovic In Quarterfinals As He Eyes 14th French Open, 22nd Grand Slam TitleAdam Zagoria — 2022-05-31
- 367Rafael Nadal squanders three match points in Brisbane International defeat against Jordan ThompsonGeorge Ramsay — 2024-01-05
- 368NewsRafael Nadal loses in first round of French Open for first timeTom Hamilton — ESPN — May 27, 2024
- 371Rafael Nadal retires: 22-time Grand Slam champion confirms retirement from tennis aged 38Jonathan Jurejko — 2024-10-10
- 372Rafael Nadal to retire from professional tennis – DW – 10/10/2024John Silk — 2024-10-10
- 373Nadal to retire from tennis at end of 2024 seasonTom Hamilton — 2024-10-10
- 374Alcaraz races past Nadal to join Sinner in final of Six Kings SlamTennis Majors — 17 October 2024
- 375Rafael Nadal sends Novak Djokovic heartfelt message after last dance of epic rivalry at Six Kings SlamTennis365 — 20 October 2024
- 376Rafael Nadal's career ends with Spain's Davis Cup finals defeat by NetherlandsTumaini Carayol — 19 November 2024
- 377Rafael Nadal's career ends as Spain is ousted at Davis CupESPN — 19 November 2024
- 378Retiring Nadal's career over after Spain's Davis Cup defeatBBC Sport — 19 November 2024
- 421MagazineThe 100 Most Influential People of 2022 — Rafael Nadal23 May 2022
- 427'Rafael Nadal is the best defender in tennis,' says Alexander ZverevMichael Graham — 7 November 2020
- 447Rafael Nadal retired a tennis great, but his career was almost cut painfully shortChristiane Amanpour et al. — 2026-05-21
- 475What is Nadal's Secret to Success? (A Brief Breakdown of his EquipmentAron Dochard — 18 May 2021
- 476Why Nadal should salute the stringGreg Garber — 22 August 2011
- 486Roland-Garros 2025: 14-time champion Rafael Nadal on life after tennis - "I am trying to do things that entertain me"Olympics.com — May 21, 2025
- 487Nadal granted title of marquis by King of Spain2025-06-19
- 504Rafa Nadal Foundation scoops Laureus Sport for Good award29 April 2024
- 524Rafael Nadal Becomes Ambassador For Saudi Tennis Amid CriticismAdam Zagoria — 16 January 2024
- 545Ask Rafa: send a question to Rafael Nadal30 January 2012
- 595BookRafa Nadal: The King of the CourtDominic Bliss — The Quarto Group — 2022
- 596BookRafa – Mi HistoriaJohn Carlin — Indicios — 2011