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Derek Chauvin

Ch. 1 of 8
— CH. 1 · INTRODUCTION —

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Derek Chauvin

8 sections
  • Derek Michael Chauvin joined the Minneapolis Police Department in 2001, and on the 25th of May 2020 he became one of the most scrutinized defendants in the world. That day he was among four officers who arrested George Floyd, a 46-year-old African American man, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Floyd died during the arrest, and Chauvin was later convicted of murdering him. The case set off protests in Minneapolis, across the United States and around the world in support of the Black Lives Matter movement.

    Chauvin was born in 1976. He left high school without finishing, served in the army reserve and collected medals as a patrol officer. How did a career with commendations also carry a long list of complaints? Why did a single death lead to a state trial, a federal guilty plea and a separate tax case? And what became of Chauvin once he was behind bars?

  • Chauvin grew up in West Saint Paul, and he was seven when his parents divorced and were granted joint custody of him. His mother was a housewife and his father a certified public accountant. He enrolled at Park High School in Cottage Grove, Minnesota, but did not finish, and he earned a GED certificate in 1994. A certificate in quantity food preparation from Dakota County Technical College followed, and he worked as a prep cook.

    From 1996 to 2004 he served in the United States Army Reserve. Two stints in the military police between 1996 and 2000 took him first to Rochester, Minnesota, and later to Hohenfels in Bavaria, Germany. Alongside that service he studied at Inver Hills Community College from 1995 to 1999. He then transferred to Metropolitan State University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in law enforcement in 2006.

    In September 2000 Chauvin applied to the Minneapolis Police Department, and he joined the force in 2001. Over the years he was involved in three police shootings, and one of them was fatal.

    The fatal one came on the 29th of October 2006, when six officers fired 43 rounds in four seconds at Wayne Reyes. Chauvin was among them. Police said Reyes pulled out a shotgun when officers stopped his vehicle, following a report that he had stabbed his girlfriend and a friend. Reyes was a member of the Leech Lake Ojibwe Band. The officers spent one week on administrative leave. In 2007 a grand jury declined to charge any of them, concluding that the force was justified. Chauvin received a medal for valor in 2006 for his part in the incident.

    On the 24th of May 2008, Chauvin answered a domestic violence call about Ira Latrell Toles, a 21-year-old Black man, made by the mother of his child. Toles locked himself in a bathroom. Chauvin forced his way in and tried to strike Toles's head with the butt of his gun. Police reports said Toles reached for an officer's gun, and Chauvin shot him twice in the stomach. Toles told The Daily Beast that he fought back in self-defense but was too disoriented to have reached for the gun. Chauvin earned a second medal for valor in 2008.

    A commendation medal also arrived in 2008, after Chauvin and his partner tackled a fleeing suspect who was holding a pistol. In 2009 he received another commendation, this time for off-duty work as a security guard at a nightclub. That nightclub job would resurface in later accounts of how he behaved on the job.

  • Eighteen complaints sat on Chauvin's official record, and only two of them ended in discipline, both as letters of reprimand.

    The third shooting came on the 8th of August 2011, when fellow officer Terry Nutter shot 23-year-old Leroy Martinez, an Alaskan Native American man, in the torso. Chauvin was among the officers involved. Police said Martinez was armed. Eyewitnesses and Martinez himself said he had already dropped his gun and raised his arms. The three officers returned to work after a standard three-day administrative leave. Police Chief Timothy Dolan, after an investigation, said the officers acted "appropriately and courageously".

    On the 4th of September 2017, Chauvin responded to a complaint from the mother of two young children. Videos from the scene were said to show him hitting a 14-year-old Black boy in the head with a flashlight, hard enough to require stitches. He then held the boy down with his knee for nearly 17 minutes while the boy said he could not breathe. Hoping to avoid prejudice at the Floyd trial, the judge barred prosecutors from raising the matter.

    The former owner of El Nuevo Rodeo, a Latin nightclub where Chauvin had worked off-duty security, offered a different window into his methods. He said George Floyd had also worked security there, though it was not certain the two men knew each other. The owner called Chauvin's tactics "overkill" and said Chauvin was needlessly aggressive on nights when the club had a Black clientele. He described quelling fights with pepper spray and calling in several squad cars as backup.

    In 2023, the City of Minneapolis agreed to pay almost $9 million to settle lawsuits by Zoya Code and John Pope Jr. Both are Black residents, and both claimed Chauvin pressed his knee into their necks in 2017. Code was expected to receive $1.4 million and Pope $7.5 million.

    A further lawsuit followed in May 2024, filed by a former city employee. She accused Chauvin and another officer of throwing her to the ground during a January 2020 drunk driving arrest and restraining her with a knee. In January 2025 the city paid $600,000 to settle it.

    The 2017 flashlight incident was kept out of the murder trial, but federal prosecutors would not let it go.

  • The call began with a store clerk who alleged that Floyd had paid for a purchase with a counterfeit $20 bill. Chauvin was one of four officers who handled the arrest, and he was the field training officer for one of the others. Security camera footage from a nearby business did not show Floyd resisting.

    According to the criminal complaint, body camera footage showed Floyd saying repeatedly that he could not breathe while he stood outside the police car. He resisted getting into the car, fell, and ended up on the ground face down. With Floyd handcuffed and lying face down on the street, Chauvin knelt on his neck for more than nine minutes.

    Floyd said "I can't breathe", "Mama", and "please". For part of that time, two other officers knelt on his back. During the final two minutes, Floyd was motionless and had no pulse.

    Several bystanders recorded videos, and they were widely circulated and broadcast. Chauvin and the other officers involved were fired the following day. Knee-to-neck restraints were allowed in Minnesota under certain circumstances, but law enforcement experts widely criticized Chauvin's use of the technique as excessive in the days that followed.

    On the 28th of May 2020, officials called a press conference at a regional FBI office in Brooklyn Center, a Minneapolis suburb. They promised an announcement, then said they needed more time to review the case.

  • Behind the delayed announcement, state and federal prosecutors had discussed a plea deal with Chauvin and his attorney, a fact revealed on the 9th of June 2020. It would have combined state murder charges with federal civil rights charges. Chauvin was expected to plead guilty to third-degree murder and accept a ten-year prison sentence.

    The deal collapsed when United States Attorney General William Barr rejected it. Because Chauvin would have served time in federal prison, the federal government had a say. Barr worried that protesters would see the agreement as too lenient, and he chose a full investigation instead.

    Chauvin was arrested on the 29th of May 2020. Hennepin County Attorney Mike Freeman charged him with third-degree murder and the lesser included offense of second-degree manslaughter. That made Chauvin the first White police officer in Minnesota to be charged in the death of a Black civilian.

    Minnesota law defines third-degree murder as causing a death without intent to kill while showing a "depraved mind, without regard for human life". Second-degree manslaughter also does not require lethal intent. It covers creating "an unreasonable risk" of serious harm or death.

    On the 31st of May, Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison took over the case at the request of Governor Tim Walz. On the 3rd of June, Ellison amended the charges to add unintentional second-degree murder under the felony murder doctrine. The theory was that Chauvin killed Floyd while committing third-degree assault. Bail was set at $1.25 million. Ellison also charged the three other officers with aiding and abetting second-degree murder, with bail at $1 million.

    On the 23rd of June, Minneapolis Police Chief Medaria Arradondo said Chauvin had been trained in the dangers of positional asphyxiation. He also described Floyd's death as murder.

    Cahill reinstated the third-degree murder charge on the 11th of March 2021, three days after the trial itself had already begun.

  • Chauvin's trial opened on the 8th of March 2021 at the Hennepin County Government Center. It was the first time a Minnesota judge authorized cameras to show a full criminal trial. The jury had six White members and six people of color.

    On the 20th of April 2021, the jury found him guilty on all three counts: unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter. He was the first White Minnesotan police officer convicted of murdering a Black person. Only one officer had been convicted of murder in the state before: Mohamed Noor, a Somali-American officer, for the third-degree murder of Justine Damond, a White woman. Judge Cahill revoked Chauvin's bail, and he was taken back into custody.

    Chauvin was booked into Oak Park Heights prison, where he had been held after his 2020 arrest. He spent 23 hours a day in solitary confinement in an isolated wing, under constant watch because of fears for his safety. On the 12th of May 2021, Cahill allowed prosecutors to seek a harsher sentence after finding that Chauvin treated Floyd "with particular cruelty".

    State prosecutors asked for 30 years, arguing that the cruelty "shocked the conscience". Chauvin asked for probation. At the hearing on the 25th of June 2021, he was sentenced to prison on the second-degree murder charge, with credit for the 199 days he had already served. The other two counts were left not adjudicated. The earliest he can be paroled is 2035, when he will be 59.

    Chauvin then appealed and asked for a public defender. The Minnesota Supreme Court denied the request, ruling that his finances made him ineligible. He hired attorney William Mohrman instead.

    In April 2022, Chauvin asked the Minnesota Court of Appeals to reverse the conviction and order a new trial in a new venue. He claimed the jury had been "intimidated by excessive pre-trial publicity". His lawyer also argued that the $27 million settlement between Minneapolis and the Floyd family, reached during jury selection, amounted to prejudice. In April 2023, a three-judge panel issued a 50-page decision affirming the conviction. The Minnesota Supreme Court declined to review the case in July 2023.

    The next stop was the Supreme Court of the United States. The appeal said Chauvin had not received a fair trial because of publicity and because fear of civil unrest after an acquittal may have swayed the jury. In a prison interview for a documentary released on the 16th of November 2023 by the right-wing media organization Alpha News, Chauvin said, "At the end of the day, the whole trial including sentencing was a sham." The justices declined to hear the case on the 20th of November 2023, leaving the state rulings in place.

    By then, a second prosecution in federal court had already reached its conclusion in 2022.

  • In February 2021, the United States Department of Justice convened a grand jury to examine whether Chauvin violated Floyd's civil rights. It also examined the September 2017 incident with the 14-year-old boy, in which Chauvin leaned his knee into the boy's back and hit him with a flashlight several times. The boy pleaded that he could not breathe, and he briefly lost consciousness.

    On the 7th of May 2021, the grand jury indicted Chauvin and his three co-officers for civil rights violations in Floyd's death. The same day, it indicted Chauvin separately over the 2017 incident. The federal indictments pushed the state trial of the other three officers from the 23rd of August 2021 to the 7th of March 2022. On the 16th of September 2021, Chauvin pleaded not guilty to the charges over the boy.

    Three months after first pleading not guilty, Chauvin asked for a hearing to change his plea. On the 15th of December 2021, he pleaded guilty to violating the rights of both Floyd and the boy. He admitted for the first time that he willfully violated Floyd's right to be free from unreasonable force by kneeling on his neck while Floyd was handcuffed and not resisting. He also admitted deliberate indifference to Floyd's serious medical needs, and that his knee stayed in place after Floyd became unresponsive. As to the boy, he admitted holding him by the throat, hitting him in the head with a flashlight and kneeling on his upper back while the boy was handcuffed and prone.

    According to The Wall Street Journal, the deal had federal prosecutors request a 300-month sentence, or 25 years, served concurrently with the state sentence, rather than the maximum of life. On the 4th of May 2022, the federal judge accepted the deal, setting a range of 20 to 25 years. On the 7th of July 2022, Chauvin was sentenced to 21 years. He will be subject to five years of parole after release, and he chose to serve both sentences in a federal prison.

    Chauvin later claimed that evidence not presented at the trial showed a tumor may have contributed to Floyd's death. He said he would not have pleaded guilty had he known. In mid-November 2023 he filed a motion in federal court to vacate the civil rights conviction. In December 2024, a United States district court granted his request to have Floyd's tissue remains tested again for alternative causes of death.

    On the 22nd of July 2020, while the murder case was pending, Chauvin and his wife Kellie were separately charged in Washington County, Minnesota, with nine counts of felony tax evasion. Prosecutors said the couple had under-reported their joint income by $464,433 on state returns for 2014 to 2019. That included more than $95,000 from Chauvin's security work. The complaint also cited unpaid sales tax on a $100,000 BMW bought in Minnesota in 2018, undeclared income from his wife's business and improper deductions for a rental home.

    Chauvin first appeared in court on the tax case on the 8th of September 2021. He pleaded guilty on the 17th of March 2023 and received 13 months in prison, running concurrently with his murder sentence.

  • The day before his arrest on the 29th of May 2020, Chauvin's wife filed for divorce, and it was finalized in February 2021. She is a real-estate agent and photographer, a Hmong refugee from Laos, and the winner of the 2018 Mrs. Minnesota beauty pageant.

    After his arrest, Chauvin was booked at the Ramsey County Adult Detention Center in Saint Paul. In June 2020, eight correctional officers at the jail filed a discrimination complaint against their supervisors with the Minnesota Department of Human Rights. They alleged that non-White guards were barred from the fifth floor, where Chauvin was held. They also alleged that a White lieutenant sat on his bed and let him use her cellphone. The department opened an investigation.

    In February 2021, the Star Tribune reported that the group had taken legal action. One plaintiff said Superintendent Steve Lydon stopped him in the middle of patting Chauvin down and replaced him with a White officer. Lydon said he was trying to "protect and support" minority employees by shielding them from Chauvin. The group said they felt "deeply humiliated and distressed".

    Ramsey County settled for $1.5 million in 2022. Board chair Trista MatasCastillo apologized and called the sheriff's department's conduct racist and heinous.

    On the 24th of August 2022, Chauvin was moved from the state facility at Oak Park Heights to FCI Tucson, a medium-security federal prison in Arizona. At about 12:30 p.m. local time on the 24th of November 2023, another inmate stabbed him 22 times with a shank in the prison's law library. Staff performed "life-saving" measures, and Chauvin was taken to a hospital with serious injuries. The attack drew comparisons to the July 2023 assault on Larry Nassar and renewed scrutiny of inmate safety in federal prisons. Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison said Chauvin should be able to serve his sentence without fear of violence.

    Federal prosecutors charged John Turscak, a 52-year-old inmate, with attempted murder and three assault offenses. According to charging documents, Turscak told FBI agents he attacked Chauvin because he was a high-profile inmate. He cited a symbolic link to the Black Lives Matter movement, noted that the attack fell on Black Friday, and referred to the Mexican Mafia. Turscak was a former FBI informant and gang member who had been featured in a book about organized crime leader Rene Enriquez.

    Chauvin's lawyer had urged before the attack that he be kept away from other inmates. Only after the stabbing was he moved to FCI Big Spring, a low-security prison in Texas.

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Common questions

Who is Derek Chauvin?

Derek Michael Chauvin, born in 1976, is a former Minneapolis police officer who joined the department in 2001. He was convicted of murdering George Floyd, a 46-year-old African American man, on the 25th of May 2020.

What was Derek Chauvin convicted of in the George Floyd case?

On the 20th of April 2021, a jury found Derek Chauvin guilty of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter. He was the first White Minnesotan police officer convicted of murdering a Black person.

How long did Derek Chauvin kneel on George Floyd's neck?

Derek Chauvin knelt on George Floyd's neck for more than nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and face down. During the final two minutes, Floyd was motionless and had no pulse.

What federal sentence did Derek Chauvin receive?

On the 7th of July 2022, Derek Chauvin was sentenced to 21 years in prison for violating the civil rights of George Floyd and a 14-year-old boy. The sentence runs concurrently with his state sentence.

Did Derek Chauvin's appeals succeed?

No. A three-judge panel of the Minnesota Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction in April 2023, and the Minnesota Supreme Court denied review in July 2023. The Supreme Court of the United States declined to hear the case on the 20th of November 2023.

What happened to Derek Chauvin in prison in November 2023?

On the 24th of November 2023, another inmate stabbed Derek Chauvin 22 times in the law library of FCI Tucson. He survived and was later moved to FCI Big Spring, a low-security prison in Texas.

Was Derek Chauvin convicted of tax evasion?

Yes. Derek Chauvin pleaded guilty to felony tax evasion on the 17th of March 2023 and received 13 months in prison, served concurrently with his murder sentence. Prosecutors said he and his wife under-reported their joint income by $464,433.

All sources

142 references cited across the entry

  1. 1Derek Chauvin convicted of murdering George FloydNolan D. McCaskill et al. — April 20, 2021
  2. 5NewsChauvin gets 22 1/2 years in prison for George Floyd's deathAmy Forliti et al. — June 26, 2021
  3. 9NewsEven to friends, former officer Derek Chauvin was an enigmaStephen Montemayor et al. — August 8, 2020
  4. 18NewsJustice Department Says George Floyd's Death a PriorityErin Ailworth et al. — May 28, 2020
  5. 44The death of George Floyd: What you need to knowBill McCarthy — May 29, 2020
  6. 45NewsHow George Floyd Died, and What Happened NextThe New York Times — July 29, 2022
  7. 46NewsThe Death of George Floyd Reignited a Movement. What Happens Now?Audra D. S. Burch et al. — April 21, 2021
  8. 64NewsMinneapolis police chief says Floyd's death was 'murder'Amy Forliti — Media NewsGroup Inc. — June 23, 2020
  9. 65NewsJudge orders 1 trial for 4 officers charged in George Floyd's deathAllie Johnson — Fox 9 News — November 5, 2020
  10. 72NewsFour Cops Charged in Floyd Death to Be Tried TogetherAndy Monserud — Courthouse News Service — November 5, 2020
  11. 86NewsFormer WCCO-TV reporter Liz Collin joins conservative site Alpha NewsChris Riemenschneider — February 22, 2022
  12. 87NewsDerek Chauvin stabbed, seriously injured in prisonRochelle Olson et al. — November 25, 2023
  13. 93Derek Chauvin is being held in solitary confinement for 23 hours a day.Nicholas Bogel-Burrhoughs et al. — April 21, 2021
  14. 109NewsDerek Chauvin to change plea in federal civil rights caseAndy Mannix — December 13, 2021
  15. 110NewsChauvin pleads guilty to federal charges in Floyd's deathAmy Forliti — December 15, 2021
  16. 127NewsChauvin, who killed George Floyd, pleads guilty in tax caseSteve Karnowski et al. — March 17, 2023
  17. 128NewsRamsey County board approves $1.4 million discrimination suit settlement with jail employeesJon Collins — Minnesota Public Radio — August 9, 2022
  18. 143JournalDerek Chauvin: Racist Cop or Product of a Racist Police Academy?Patrick Radebe — December 23, 2020

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