Flavius Valerius Constantius entered the world on the 31st of March, though historians cannot name his birth year. His career and the age of his eldest son suggest a date no later than 250 AD. He hailed from Moesia Superior, a Roman province situated on the south bank of the Middle Danube river. Modern scholars suspect his family held humble origins rather than noble status. The Historia Augusta claims he was the son of Eutropius, a nobleman, but this genealogy appears fabricated by his son Constantine I. This fabrication likely aimed to dissociate his father's background from the memory of Emperor Maximian. Constantius served as a member of the Protectores Augusti Nostri under Emperor Aurelian. He fought in the eastern campaigns against the secessionist Palmyrene Empire. While some sources claim he became a dux under Probus, that assertion is probably false. He certainly attained the rank of tribunus within the army during his early service. Under the reign of Carus, he rose to become praeses, or governor, of Dalmatia.
Tetrarchy Establishment And Power Sharing
Diocletian allowed Maximian to promote Constantius into a new power sharing arrangement known as the Tetrarchy in 293. On the 1st of March 293 at Mediolanum, now Milan, Constantius was formally appointed as Maximian's caesar. He adopted Diocletian's nomen Valerius and took on Herculius while being equated with Maximian. His assigned command included Gaul, Britannia, and possibly Hispania. Diocletian elevated Galerius as his own caesar around the 21st of May 293 at Philippopolis to maintain balance. Constantius held seniority among the two caesares and always appeared before Galerius on official documents. His capital resided at Augusta Treverorum, modern-day Trier. This structural division split the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern portions ruled by augusti supported by caesars. Both caesars possessed the right of succession once their ruling augustus died. The system aimed to stabilize an empire facing constant external threats and internal instability.