Valerius Licinianus Licinius emerged from a Dacian peasant family in Moesia Superior around the year 265. His early life remained obscure until he joined his childhood friend Galerius on a military expedition to Persia in 298. This journey marked the beginning of his rise within the Roman imperial structure. Galerius trusted him enough to send him as an envoy to Italy in 307. The mission aimed to negotiate with the usurper Maxentius following the death of Severus II. When Galerius departed to handle Maxentius personally, he left the eastern provinces under Licinius's care. Upon returning east, Galerius elevated Licinius to Augustus in the West on the 11th of November 308. He commanded the Balkan provinces of Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia. In 310, he led a war against the Sarmatians that inflicted a severe defeat upon them.
Mediolanum Alliance And Religious Edict
Political necessity drove the marriage between Licinius and Flavia Julia Constantia at Mediolanum in March 313. She was the half-sister of Constantine I, creating a bond between two powerful rulers. Their union produced a son named Licinius the Younger in 315. This alliance coincided with the issuance of the Edict of Milan. The document reissued Galerius's previous edict allowing Christianity to be professed throughout the Empire. It included provisions restoring confiscated properties to Christian congregations. The text also exempted Christian clergy from municipal civic duties. Lactantius recorded the redaction of this edict as affixed by Licinius in Nicomedia on the 14th of June 313. The language expressed a will to propitiate any Divinity whatsoever in the seat of the heavens. A brown coin minted at Londinium around 311 depicted Licinius wearing a laurel wreath facing right.