Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian war
Six people died during the Russian annexation of Crimea between the 23rd of February and the 19th of March 2014. Three were protesters, two were Ukrainian soldiers, and one was a Russian Cossack paramilitary member. On the 10th of August 2016, Russia accused Ukraine's Special Forces of killing two Russian servicemen near the town of Armiansk. The Ukrainian government dismissed this claim as a provocation. Ten individuals went missing between 2014 and 2016 and remained unaccounted for as of 2017.
The War in Donbas claimed an estimated 14,200 to 14,400 lives from the 6th of April 2014 through the 31st of December 2021. This figure included approximately 6,500 pro-Russian separatist fighters, 4,400 Ukrainian combatants, and 3,404 civilians. Non-combat deaths and fatalities caused by landmines or unexploded ordnance are part of this total. Most casualties occurred within the first year before the Minsk agreements took effect. By late July 2022, daily losses had fallen to around 30 killed and about 250 wounded.
Conflicting estimates exist regarding military and civilian casualties since the full-scale invasion began on the 24th of February 2022. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights recorded 14,999 civilian deaths and 40,601 injuries by the 31st of December 2025. Political scientist Neta Crawford estimated 323,000 total dead by July 2025 with an average monthly death rate of 7,690. Western intelligence agencies have been reluctant to disclose internal calculations of Ukrainian military losses due to fears of undermining their ally. Russia's Ministry of Defence claimed over 1 million combined casualties for Ukraine as of mid-December 2024.
At least 2,197 to 2,688 foreign combatants died during the conflict excluding regular Russian and Ukrainian military personnel. The NGO Cargo 200 documented 1,479 Russian citizens killed while fighting for rebel forces. Two Kyrgyz nationals and one Georgian also died supporting separatist groups. On the Ukrainian side, at least 253 foreign-born citizens or foreigners were killed. Isa Munayev, a former Chechen rebel commander, was among those who died fighting for Ukraine. By January 2023, another 1,000 foreign fighters had been wounded on the Ukrainian side alone.
Regional variations in civilian deaths show stark differences across Ukraine. The Donetsk Oblast recorded over 28,673 civilian fatalities between February 2022 and February 2025. Kharkiv Oblast saw 1,699 civilian deaths from February 2022 through December 2022. In March 2022, 55 war-related child deaths occurred in the Kyiv area and another 34 in Kharkiv. By February 2023, the Ukrainian prosecutor general announced that at least 461 children had been killed since the invasion began. Most of these young victims came from the Donetsk region.
By mid-February 2025, 63,000 people remained missing, with 90 percent believed to be soldiers. As of the 7th of January 2026, the UALosses project documented 89,324 individuals listed as missing in action alongside 86,142 confirmed dead fighters. Russia reported holding 6,465 Ukrainian soldiers as prisoners by early June 2024 while Ukraine held 1,348 Russian servicemen. Prisoner exchanges released thousands but left many still unaccounted for. In December 2024, Russia's Deputy Minister of Defence Anna Tsivilyova mentioned 48,000 soldiers missing in action whose relatives had contributed DNA samples for identification efforts.
Ukrainian medical services performed between 20,000 and 50,000 amputations on military personnel and civilians by August 2023. Official records from the National Health Service of Ukraine showed 95,000 amputations carried out within Ukraine by August 2025. Including procedures performed outside the country, the total reached 120,000. Landmines and explosive remnants caused nearly 1,200 casualties since 2014 according to UN data. A report by UNICEF stated that 172 children were injured or killed due to landmines and other explosives by December 2019.
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Common questions
How many people died during the Russian annexation of Crimea between February 2014 and March 2014?
Six people died during the Russian annexation of Crimea between the 23rd of February and the 19th of March 2014. Three were protesters, two were Ukrainian soldiers, and one was a Russian Cossack paramilitary member.
What is the estimated death toll for the War in Donbas from April 2014 to December 2021?
The War in Donbas claimed an estimated 14,200 to 14,400 lives from the 6th of April 2014 through the 31st of December 2021. This figure included approximately 6,500 pro-Russian separatist fighters, 4,400 Ukrainian combatants, and 3,404 civilians.
How many civilian deaths did the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights record by December 2025?
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights recorded 14,999 civilian deaths and 40,601 injuries by the 31st of December 2025. Political scientist Neta Crawford estimated 323,000 total dead by July 2025 with an average monthly death rate of 7,690.
How many foreign combatants died during the conflict excluding regular Russian and Ukrainian military personnel?
At least 2,197 to 2,688 foreign combatants died during the conflict excluding regular Russian and Ukrainian military personnel. The NGO Cargo 200 documented 1,479 Russian citizens killed while fighting for rebel forces and at least 253 foreign-born citizens or foreigners were killed on the Ukrainian side.
What is the number of missing people in Ukraine as of February 2025 and January 2026?
By mid-February 2025, 63,000 people remained missing, with 90 percent believed to be soldiers. As of the 7th of January 2026, the UALosses project documented 89,324 individuals listed as missing in action alongside 86,142 confirmed dead fighters.
How many amputations did Ukrainian medical services perform on military personnel and civilians by August 2025?
Ukrainian medical services performed between 20,000 and 50,000 amputations on military personnel and civilians by August 2023. Official records from the National Health Service of Ukraine showed 95,000 amputations carried out within Ukraine by August 2025, reaching a total of 120,000 including procedures performed outside the country.