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Ben & Jerry's

Ch. 1 of 8
— CH. 1 · INTRODUCTION —

Contents

Ben & Jerry's

8 sections
  • Ben & Jerry's began in 1977 as a plan to sell bagels. Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield incorporated a business for that purpose. Then they discovered the equipment was too expensive. Ice cream became the fallback, and it stuck. The company now makes ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet. Its cartons have honored musicians, comedians, and public figures. They have also carried opinions, which have won the company both devoted admirers and loud critics. Three questions run through this documentary. Where did the chunks that define the product come from? How did a Vermont ice cream maker become a regular participant in political fights? And what happens when a company built on its founders' convictions belongs to someone else?

  • Merrick, New York, is where Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield first met as children, and they stayed friends into adulthood. Neither man had an obvious path to success. Greenfield finished college but could not get into medical school. Cohen dropped out of school. When the bagel idea fell through, the pair completed a correspondence course on ice cream making from the creamery at Pennsylvania State University.

    Cohen has severe anosmia, which means he lacks a sense of smell. He relies on mouthfeel and texture to keep his diet interesting. That reliance led to the company's trademark: chunks of food mixed into the ice cream.

    On the 5th of May 1978, with a $12,000 investment, the pair opened an ice cream parlor in a renovated gas station in downtown Burlington, Vermont. In 1979 they marked the shop's anniversary with the first free cone day. The giveaway became an annual event at every store, ran through 2019, and returned in 2023.

    In 1980 the partners rented space in an old spool and bobbin mill on South Champlain Street in Burlington and began packing their ice cream in pints. The first franchise opened in 1981, on Route 7 in Shelburne, Vermont. Growing beyond that point would soon mean selling shares to the public.

  • In St. Albans, Vermont, in 1983, Ben & Jerry's ice cream was piled into what was billed as the world's largest ice cream sundae. It weighed 27102 pounds. That same year, local artist Woody Jackson redrew the cows that appear on the company's cartons.

    Häagen-Dazs triggered the first legal fight in 1984. It wanted to restrict how Ben & Jerry's could be distributed in Boston. The younger company sued the Häagen-Dazs parent, Pillsbury, and ran a campaign titled "What's the Doughboy Afraid Of?" In 1987 Häagen-Dazs again tried to enforce exclusive distribution, and Ben & Jerry's filed a second lawsuit against the Pillsbury Company.

    Also in 1984, the founders sold shares in a public offering open only to Vermonters. It raised $750,000 to finance expansion. Cohen kept a 50% stake in the firm. Greenfield kept 10% and moved to Arizona.

    The factory in Waterbury, Vermont, was built and opened in 1985, and it began offering public tours in 1986. It produces 350,000 or more pints of ice cream a day. It is still the only Ben & Jerry's facility open to visitors.

    In 1986 the company launched the Cowmobile, a modified mobile home used to hand out free scoops on a cross-country marketing drive. Ben and Jerry drove it and served from it themselves. Four months later it burned to the ground outside Cleveland. Nobody was hurt, and Ben said the wreck looked like "the world's largest baked Alaska".

    In 1988 the two men were named U.S. Small Business Persons of the Year, an award presented by President Ronald Reagan.

  • In 1987 Ben & Jerry's honored guitarist Jerry Garcia with Cherry Garcia. It was the company's first flavor named for a rock legend, and the best known of the flavors that fans suggested. For more than a decade it was the most popular flavor. Then a public survey in 2013 put Cookie Dough in front, with 60%. By December 2020 the company website listed Half Baked as the favorite, Cherry Garcia second, and Chocolate Fudge Brownie third.

    Those rankings may partly reflect what shoppers can actually find. In the United Kingdom, Cherry Garcia has disappeared from supermarkets, and fans must visit a Scoop Shop to get it.

    Chocolate Fudge Brownie traces back to 1988, when the company first ordered brownies from Greyston Bakery. That order led to one of its most popular flavors.

    At Scoop Shops, the Vermonster sundae arrives in a bucket. It holds 20 scoops of ice cream, four bananas, four ladles of hot fudge, three chocolate chip cookies, one brownie, and 10 scoops of walnuts. It also takes two scoops each of any four toppings, plus whipped cream. The total comes to 14000 calories and 500 grams of fat. Since 2009, teams of four have competed in an annual charity Vermonster Challenge, and the winners earn free ice cream for a year.

    Chubby Hubby is vanilla malt ice cream swirled with fudge and peanut butter. It also contains pretzel nuggets covered in fudge and filled with peanut butter.

    On the 5th of March 2007, Cohen and Greenfield appeared on The Colbert Report to promote Stephen Colbert's AmeriCone Dream, along with Cohen's progressive advocacy group TrueMajority. On the 2nd of March 2011 they appeared on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon to unveil Late Night Snack, with Fallon's picture on the carton. On the 17th of February 2015 they returned to The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon for The Tonight Dough. All of its proceeds went to the SeriousFun Children's Network, which supports camps for children with major illnesses. In April 2013 the Greek frozen yogurt line added Liz Lemon, inspired by Tina Fey's character on the sitcom 30 Rock.

    In April 2015, after a petition and pressure from the Farm Animal Rights Movement, the company confirmed it was working on vegan options. In early February 2016 it announced an all-vegan line of four flavors. Two were versions of Chunky Monkey and Chocolate Fudge Brownie. Two were new: Coffee Caramel Fudge and Peanut Butter & Cookies. In February 2017 Cherry Garcia itself joined the non-dairy lineup, alongside Caramel Almond Brittle and Coconut Seven Layer Bar.

  • At the end of 1985, a gift from the company created the Ben & Jerry's Foundation to fund community-oriented projects. The foundation then received 7.5% of the company's annual pre-tax profits.

    In 1992 the company joined the Children's Defense Fund, a national nonprofit, in a campaign to put children's basic needs at the top of the national agenda. More than 70,000 postcards went to Congress about kids and other national issues.

    Over one million cones are given away on free cone day each year, which inspired the slogan "Be One In A Million." Charities often set up at the stores and raise a significant amount of money. Local celebrities sometimes appear to promote the day. In some years it coincides with Earth Day, and volunteers with clipboards help people register to vote where registration is required.

    For several years, no employee at Ben & Jerry's could be paid more than five times the rate of an entry-level worker. In 1995 entry-level employees earned $12 an hour, while the top earner, president and chief operating officer Chuck Lacy, earned $150,000 a year. The company ended the five-to-one policy in 1994, when Cohen resigned as chief executive officer and the search for a replacement began.

    That search produced an essay contest called "Yo! I'm your C.E.O." In 1995 the company hired Robert Holland Jr. as chief executive. He left after 20 months, following philosophical differences with the company. Perry Odak replaced him in 1997.

    In 1994 a former CEO, Fred "Chico" Lager, published Ben & Jerry's: The Inside Scoop. The book tracks how the company got started, and it focuses on "How Two Real Guys Built a Business with a Social Conscience and a Sense of Humor."

  • In 1989 Ben & Jerry's announced its opposition to recombinant bovine growth hormone, known as rBGH, in all of its products. The hormone is sometimes given to cows to boost milk production. The company said it favored less chemically intensive ingredients for the safety of consumers and the environment. In 2013 it committed to GMO-free products, in support of mandatory GMO labeling legislation.

    On Earth Day in 2005, the U.S. Senate was voting on a proposal to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. The company answered by building the largest Baked Alaska ever made, weighing 900 pounds, and placing it in front of the U.S. Capitol. In March 2009, a firm called CyClone Dairy launched an ad campaign and website for milk said to come only from cloned cows. On the 1st of April 2009, Ben & Jerry's revealed that it had invented the company as a hoax. The aim was to draw attention to cloned-animal products in American food and to campaign for a national tracking system.

    In 2001 Ben & Jerry's U.S. finished switching every pint to unbleached paperboard Eco-Pint containers. The company called it a first step toward a fully biodegradable pint made without added chlorine. In 2006 it reversed course, citing supply, quality, and cost problems, and moved to a bleached paperboard that was easier to obtain. In May 2022 it launched Mootopia, a pilot across 15 supplier farms, seven in the US and eight in the Netherlands. The goal was to cut the farms' emissions intensity to half the US industry average by the end of 2024.

    In September 2009, Chubby Hubby became Hubby Hubby for a month, in partnership with Freedom to Marry. The carton showed two men in tuxedos marrying beneath a rainbow, celebrating Vermont's legalization of same-sex marriage. In March 2012 in the United Kingdom, Oh! My! Apple Pie! became Apple-y Ever After. In the summer of 2015 in the United States, Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough became I Dough, I Dough, with proceeds going to the Human Rights Campaign. In May 2017 the company stopped serving two scoops of the same flavor in Australia until that country's government legalized same-sex marriage.

    Elections shaped flavors too. After Barack Obama's victory in 2008, a flavor was renamed Yes Pecan!, and in January 2009 the company pledged all of its proceeds to the Common Cause Education Fund. In October 2018 it launched Pecan Resist, a limited-edition flavor opposing the Trump administration. The company donated $25,000 to four organizations supporting women's and immigrant rights, climate justice, and racial justice. In September 2022 its cold brew flavor became Change is Brewing, to highlight Black voters and support Black Voters Matter.

    In late April 2014, the company joined the Fight for the Reef campaign to protect the Great Barrier Reef. Queensland Environment Minister Andrew Powell fired back: "The only people taking a scoop out of the reef is Ben and Jerry's and Unilever." The Australian brand manager, Kalli Swaik, replied that dredging and dumping in world heritage waters would harm the reef.

    In August 2020 the company tweeted support for migrants crossing the English Channel from France, in posts aimed at Home Secretary Priti Patel. James Cleverly called the statements "statistically inaccurate virtue signalling". In 2023 a tweet claimed the United States was founded on stolen Indigenous land and said Mount Rushmore should be returned to the Lakota people. The Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation answered by expressing interest in acquiring the company's Vermont headquarters, which sits on historical Abenaki territory. The company never replied.

    Flavor names caused their own storms. In 2011 the Schweddy Balls flavor, a homage to a Saturday Night Live skit, drew protests from One Million Moms, a project of the American Family Association. Alec Baldwin, who played the baker in the skit, responded that a flavor called Go Fudge Yourself had been made for the opponents. In 2006 a flavor called Black and Tan upset consumers in Ireland, because the name is also a nickname for a British paramilitary force from the Irish War of Independence.

    In February 2012 a franchise near Harvard University made a frozen yogurt called Taste the Lin-Sanity, honoring the Harvard alumnus and basketball player Jeremy Lin. Its fortune cookie pieces set off a publicized controversy over racial stereotyping, and the company apologized. Waffle cookies replaced the fortune cookies, which had turned soggy and prompted returns. In September 2014, anti-hazing activists objected to the flavor Hazed & Confused, and in October the company decided not to rename it.

    In early 2023, The New York Times found that Ben and Jerry's suppliers were employing illegal migrant children. The finding came months after the company teamed up with Tony's Chocolonely to raise awareness of child labor in the chocolate industry. Cheryl Pinto, the company's head of values-led sourcing, said that if migrant children needed to work full time, a well-monitored workplace was preferable.

  • In April 2000, Ben & Jerry's sold itself to the British food giant Unilever for $326 million, roughly $607 million in 2025 dollars. Unilever agreed to carry on the company's tradition of engaging "in these critical, global economic and social missions". Both founders stayed on as employees, though without operational or managerial responsibility. Cohen remained on the board of directors. The company's independent board kept protection over the brand.

    In 2003 the company shut down its factory in North Springfield and its distribution facility in Bellows Falls, to concentrate on expanding in Saint Albans. By 2019 the company had production facilities in Saint Albans and Waterbury, Vermont, in Hellendoorn, Netherlands, and in Be'er Tuvia, Israel.

    In 2010 Jostein Solheim, a Norwegian Unilever executive, became chief executive. Matthew McCarthy, another Unilever executive, replaced him in 2018. On the 15th of May 2023, the company announced Dave Stever as the new chief executive after McCarthy retired. On the 10th of July 2025, it announced Jochanan Senf in the same role.

    On the 19th of March 2024, Unilever announced it would divest its ice cream brands and cut 7,500 jobs, in pursuit of "a simpler, more focused and higher performing Unilever." The group included Ben & Jerry's, Cornetto, Magnum, Talenti, and Wall's. The divestment was completed in July 2025 with the creation of The Magnum Ice Cream Company, abbreviated TMICC. The independence promised in the 2000 agreement was about to face its hardest test.

  • In 2012 a group called Vermonters for a Just Peace in Palestine/Israel contacted Cohen, Greenfield, and the company's chief executive. The group had learned that ice cream from the Israeli franchise was being sold in settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Leafleting followed in Vermont, New York, and California on Free Cone Day in April 2013 and April 2014. Eventually 232 organizations across the United States and in seventeen countries signed a letter calling on the company to end commercial ties to such settlements.

    On the 19th of July 2021, Ben & Jerry's announced that it would end sales in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, where Israeli settlements are considered illegal under international law. Its Israeli franchisee, American Quality Products, had held the license since 1987 and refused to comply. The company therefore said it would not renew the franchise in 2022, while sales in Israel would continue "through a different arrangement". The statement was issued by Unilever, and the company's independent board criticized that. The board had not wanted to comment on sales in other parts of Israel, a matter that required its approval.

    Israeli Foreign Minister Yair Lapid tweeted that the decision was "a disgraceful capitulation to antisemitism, to BDS, to all that is evil in the anti-Israeli and anti-Jewish discourse." Pro-Palestinian and anti-apartheid groups welcomed the move. USA Today described it as one of the strongest and highest-profile rebukes by a well-known company of Israel's settlement policy. On the 3rd of August 2021, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis placed Unilever on a list of scrutinized companies that boycott Israel. On the 9th of September, Arizona committed to divest from Unilever by the 21st. On the 14th, New Jersey gave Unilever 90 days' notice of divestment.

    On the 29th of June 2022, Unilever announced that it had sold the Israeli division to American Quality Products. Under the deal, the Israeli branch could sell in both Israel and the West Bank, using only Hebrew and Arabic labels. Ben & Jerry's tweeted the same day that it disagreed, adding: "Our company will no longer profit from Ben & Jerry's in Israel." On the 5th of July 2022 it sued Unilever to block the sale, arguing that the sale threatened the integrity of the brand. On the 15th of July, minutes before the first hearing, both sides agreed to pursue mediation instead.

    In January 2024 the chair of the Ben & Jerry's board called for a permanent and immediate ceasefire in the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. In November 2024 the company sued Unilever again. It claimed that Unilever had cracked down on its efforts to support Palestinian refugees and had threatened to replace and sue board members.

    In March 2025, a federal court complaint said Unilever had fired chief executive Dave Stever because he allowed the company to express its sociopolitical beliefs publicly. The complaint also accused Unilever of trying to dismantle the independent board. The board said Unilever had blocked social media posts supporting Palestinian refugees, the First Amendment rights of student protesters, and a ceasefire. It also said Unilever had blocked donations to Jewish Voice for Peace and the Council on American-Islamic Relations.

    On the 9th of September 2025, the co-founders wrote to the TMICC board and to Magnum's potential investors, asking that the brand be released from the conglomerate. A week later, on the 16th, Cohen announced that Jerry Greenfield was leaving, because of his allegations of censorship over Palestine and Israel and other social justice issues. Cohen accused Unilever of a "corporate attack on free speech" after it blocked the development of a flavor calling for peace in Gaza. According to Magnum, a Unilever-backed audit of the company's own foundation found deficiencies in financial controls and governance.

Updated

Common questions

Who founded Ben & Jerry's?

Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield founded Ben & Jerry's. They had been friends since childhood in Merrick, New York, and incorporated a business in 1977 that was first meant to be a bagel shop.

When and where did Ben & Jerry's open its first ice cream parlor?

Ben & Jerry's opened its first ice cream parlor on the 5th of May 1978 in a renovated gas station in downtown Burlington, Vermont. The founders started with a $12,000 investment.

Why does Ben & Jerry's ice cream have chunks?

Ben & Jerry's ice cream has chunks because co-founder Ben Cohen has severe anosmia, a lack of a sense of smell. He relies on mouthfeel and texture for variety in his diet, which led to the company's trademark chunks.

Who owns Ben & Jerry's?

Unilever bought Ben & Jerry's in April 2000 for $326 million, and the brand operated as an independent subsidiary. It was included in the ice cream divestment that Unilever completed in July 2025 with the creation of The Magnum Ice Cream Company.

What is the most popular Ben & Jerry's flavor?

As of December 2020, the company website lists Half Baked as the most popular Ben & Jerry's flavor, followed by Cherry Garcia and Chocolate Fudge Brownie. Cherry Garcia led for more than a decade until a 2013 survey found Cookie Dough winning with 60%.

What is the Vermonster at Ben & Jerry's?

The Vermonster is a large sundae served in a bucket at Ben & Jerry's Scoop Shops. It contains 20 scoops of ice cream, four bananas, and four ladles of hot fudge, and has 14000 calories.

Why did Ben & Jerry's stop selling ice cream in the West Bank?

On the 19th of July 2021, Ben & Jerry's announced it would end sales in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, where Israeli settlements are considered illegal under international law. The company said it was responding to concerns shared by fans and trusted partners.

All sources

149 references cited across the entry

  1. 2NewsPassing the Scoop; Ben & JerryClaudia Dreifus — December 18, 1994
  2. 4Our HistoryBen & Jerry's
  3. 6MagazineCookies, Cream 'n' ControversyJuly 4, 1993
  4. 7JournalBen & Jerry's: Challenges for Corporate Social Responsibility in an International ContextJ. Haskell Murray — 2014
  5. 9NewsVermont's Ice Cream Upstart29 March 1985
  6. 10Jerry GreenfieldMarch 2005
  7. 12Factory TourBen & Jerry's
  8. 14Baking In The GloryBen & Jerry's
  9. 15NewsBen & Jerry's Talent Hunt EndsGlenn Collins — February 2, 1995
  10. 17Issues We Care AboutBen & Jerry's
  11. 18Lager, Fred "Chico". Ben & Jerry's: The Inside Scoop. 1st ed. New York: Crown Publishers, 1994. Print.
  12. 19The Globalization of Ben & Jerry'sDonella Meadows — April 13, 2000
  13. 20NewsConeheadsAugust 14, 2003
  14. 21Ben & Jerry's co-founders protest new CEOJerry Clark — November 21, 2000
  15. 24Press releaseBen & Jerry's Introduces New CEOCision PR Newswire
  16. 27NewsThe scoop on Ben & Jerry's in IsraelCarl Hoffman — December 29, 2018
  17. 34NewsOil-drilling protesters bring dessertPaul Courson — April 22, 2005
  18. 36MagazineCloned Beef (and Pork and Milk): It's What's for DinnerBen Paynter — October 16, 2007
  19. 39Our HistoryBen & Jerry's
  20. 47We are aware of the Unilever announcementBen & Jerry's — June 30, 2022
  21. 49NewsBen & Jerry's postpones Free Cone Day over coronavirus fearsBrian Ries et al. — March 10, 2020
  22. 50Free Cone DayBen & Jerry's
  23. 57VideoProgress Comes In Many FlavorsBen & Jerry's — July 19, 2024
  24. 68Top 10 Ben & Jerry's Flavors of 2020Ben & Jerry's — December 23, 2020
  25. 69Cherry Garcia Ice CreamCSC Corporate Domains, Inc 3rd party data source
  26. 70Ben and Jerry's Application Online: Jobs & Career InfoWendy Young — ncesc.com — July 8, 2021
  27. 72NewsHubba hubba! Hubby Hubby ice cream introducedBill Daley — September 2, 2009
  28. 74NewsIce cream giant supports gay marriage with new flavordangerousminds.net — March 13, 2012
  29. 76NewsYes Pecan!: Ben & Jerry's Announces Obama Ice CreamAnya Strzemien — January 9, 2009
  30. 78Greek Frozen YogurtBen & Jerry's
  31. 80Ben & Jerry's Announces New Flavors For 2013Jonathan Fallon — ThatsNerdalicious.com — April 2, 2013
  32. 83Ben & Jerry's Haroset Flavored Ice CreamElli Fischer — April 4, 2012
  33. 85Forget Cherry Garcia. How about Ben and Jerry's Passover ice cream?Daniel Estrin — Public Radio International — March 31, 2015
  34. 95NewsBen & Jerry's Takes 'All Natural' Claims Off Ice Cream LabelsApril Fulton — September 27, 2010
  35. 100Support Home PageBen & Jerry's
  36. 101News'If it's melted, it's ruined'Sarah Left — April 28, 2005
  37. 102Ben & Jerry's and WWF launch climate change collegeWorld Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund) — April 28, 2005
  38. 103NewsBen & Jerry's new flavour leaves bad tasteOwen Bowcott — April 19, 2006
  39. 105NewsBen & Jerry's to open new factory in Be'er TuviaNavit Zomer — March 2, 2010
  40. 106NewsBen & Jerry's Business in Israel ScrutinizedTim Johnson — March 16, 2013
  41. 107Campaign NewsVermonters for a Just Peace in Palestine/Israel
  42. 112NewsLisa Magnusson: Kliv inte på Ben & Jerry's "kärlekståg"Lisa Magnusson — Metro International — June 5, 2018
  43. 113NewsUppmanar till bojkott efter glassjättens flyktingutspelGustav Tronarp — June 5, 2018
  44. 124Ben & Jerry's board chair calls for "immediate" ceasefire in GazaElizabeth Napolitano — January 16, 2024
  45. 133NewsBen & Jerry's sues parent Unilever to block sale of Israeli businessJonathan Stempel et al. — July 6, 2022
  46. 136Ben & Jerry's drops fortune cookies from 'Lin-Sanity'Maggie Schneider — February 26, 2012
  47. 140Ben & Jerry's Won't Rename 'Hazed & Confused'Alexander C. Kaufman — October 1, 2014
  48. 143NewsBen & Jerry's July 4 Tweet Goes Off Like a Busted FireworkBrooke Leigh Howard — July 5, 2023
  49. 144NewsBen & Jerry's Owner's Stock Falls After Boycott CallsGiulia Carbonaro — July 6, 2023
  50. 146NewsDebate swirls around CEO payBlanca Torres — May 1, 2005
  51. 148BookIce Cream Social: The Struggle for the Soul of Ben & Jerry’sBrad Edmondson — National Geographic Books — 2014
  52. 149BookBen & Jerry's: The Inside ScoopFred Lager — Crown Currency — 1995

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