101st Airborne Division
Major General William C. Lee stood before the 101st Airborne Division on the 19th of August 1942 and read out General Order Number 5. The order declared that the division "has no history, but it has a rendezvous with destiny." Lee was the division's first commander. He called the eagle on its badge a fitting emblem. Its men, he said, would crush their enemies "by falling upon them like a thunderbolt from the skies."
The boast carried real weight, because the unit he addressed had existed on paper for more than two decades. In all that time it had never gone to war.
What became of that promise? How did a division with an empty past become what Defense Secretary Robert Gates later called the tip of the spear? Why do some of its soldiers still wear card suits on their helmets? And how did a force created to leap from airplanes end up defined by helicopters? The answers run from a Wisconsin reserve office to the roads of Normandy, the Ardennes, Vietnam and Iraq.
The first 101st Division was a plan that never became an army. On the 23rd of July 1918, the War Department ordered it organized at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, with Brigadier General Roy Hoffman supervising as camp commander. Blueprints listed two infantry brigades, a large artillery brigade, engineers, signalmen and supply trains. Work began in October, and Colonel Patrick H. Mullay was named chief of staff on the 2nd of November. Nine days later the Armistice arrived. The division had grown no further than a headquarters. Orders to demobilize came on the 30th of November, and the job was done by the 11th of December.
Three years later the division returned as a reserve formation tied to Wisconsin. Its headquarters opened on the 10th of September 1921 in Room 412 of the Federal Building in Milwaukee. In July 1922 it shifted to the Pereles Building, and there it remained until World War II. Summer training happened mostly at Camp Custer, Michigan. The University of Wisconsin, Ripon College and St. Norbert College supplied newly commissioned reserve lieutenants. Reservists also ran Citizens' Military Training Camps in the home area.
The division could not train as a unit. It sat out the corps and army maneuvers of 1937-1940 and 1941 because it had too few enlisted men and too little equipment. Its officers were lent out to fill empty posts in regular and Guard units, and a few served as umpires. In these lean years the Screaming Eagle mascot became attached to the division. It carried on the tradition of Wisconsin's volunteer regiments from the American Civil War.
Then, in the summer of 1942, the Army wanted airborne divisions fast. On the 30th of July, Army Ground Forces ordered two of them to be ready by the 15th of August. The 82nd Division, called into service that March, was told to give the 101st its cadre for everything except parachute infantry. On the 15th of August the old reserve division was disbanded, then reconstituted and reactivated in the Army of the United States. Finding the parachute infantry was left to the new division itself.
Before dawn on D-Day, the first men of the 101st to reach Normandy were its pathfinders. They took off from RAF North Witham in England, where they had trained with the 82nd Airborne Division. Their night drop made life hard for the gliders that came after. Many crashed, costing the division men and equipment.
The main job was to take four causeway exits behind Utah Beach, running from Saint-Martin-de-Varreville to Pouppeville. The 4th Infantry Division needed them to advance inland later that morning. Other targets included a German coastal battery, the lock at La Barquette on the Douve River, and the Douve highway bridges at Saint-Côme-du-Mont. The paratroopers jumped between 00:48 and 01:40 on the 6th of June 1944. Very little went to plan.
On Drop Zone A, navigation errors and a missing Eureka beacon signal put the 2nd Battalion of the 502nd in the wrong field. Its commander, Lieutenant Colonel Steve A. Chappuis, came down nearly alone in the right one. He soon captured the coastal battery, only to discover that an air raid had already dismantled it. The parachute artillery had a far worse night. It lost all but one howitzer, and all but two of its 54 loads landed between four and 20 miles away to the north.
Further south, the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment crossed clouds and then flew ten miles under anti-aircraft fire. Three of the 81 C-47 transports were lost. First Lieutenant Marvin F. Muir's plane caught fire, yet he kept it steady until his stick had jumped. He died in the crash that followed and received the Distinguished Service Cross. A third wave lost six aircraft but put 94 of 132 sticks close to the target. German gunners had already measured the field for machine guns and mortars. Two of the three battalion commanders in the 3rd Battalion, 506th, were killed there, along with its executive officer.
Amid the confusion, small groups acted on their own. Colonel Howard R. Johnson collected 150 men and had the La Barquette lock in hand by 04:00. At Brécourt Manor, First Lieutenant Richard D. Winters of Company E, 506th, led a patrol that beat a force three to four times its size and destroyed four guns. He later received the Distinguished Service Cross. Major General Maxwell D. Taylor joined an improvised company that reached Pouppeville at 06:00, then spent six hours clearing houses against the German 1058th Grenadier Regiment.
When night fell, the beach exits were secure. Yet Taylor commanded only about 2,500 of his 6,600 men. A glider landing had killed his assistant commander, Brigadier General Don F. Pratt, who suffered a broken neck on impact. Radios lost in the drops left the isolated groups with little contact. Taylor made the Douve bridges his priority and passed the task to Colonel Robert F. Sink.
Next came Carentan, a road and rail junction linking Utah and Omaha beaches. The division attacked on the 10th of June against the 2nd Fallschirmjäger-Division, the 91st Luftlande-Infanterie-Division and elements of the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division. The Germans had flooded the Douve plain, so one raised causeway offered the only practical approach. It was later named Purple Heart Lane. Artillery, dive bombers, machine guns and snipers pinned down the 3rd Battalion of the 502nd along it. Early on the 11th, behind a smoke screen, Lieutenant Colonel Robert G. Cole led a bayonet charge on a farmhouse past Bridge No. 4. The 506th then passed through and took the town. Cole received the first of the division's two Medals of Honor in World War II.
Rest in England followed. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson was present when the first elements reached Southampton on the 12th of July 1944. Planners afterward designed several jumps ahead of the armies racing across France, but Allied ground troops advanced so quickly that each one was cancelled.
On the 17th of September 1944, the 101st became part of the XVIII Airborne Corps under Major General Matthew Ridgway. The corps sat inside the First Allied Airborne Army of Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton. That day the division jumped into Operation Market Garden, which lasted until the 25th. Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery planned it to seize Dutch bridges across the Maas and two branches of the Rhine. British armor would then cross, sweep around the Siegfried Line and encircle the Ruhr, the heart of German industry. The goal was to end the war. Market Garden remains the largest airborne operation ever mounted, and it did not succeed.
The first day went smoothly. The 101st met little opposition and reached most of its objectives by nightfall. Its chief target was a bridge over the Wilhelmina Canal at Son, and German forces destroyed it. That delay pushed back the capture of the main road bridge over the Maas to the 20th of September. A comparable bridge at Best lay a few kilometers away, but the approach was blocked and the division's attack on it failed.
Best produced the division's second and last Medal of Honor of the war. Private First Class Joe E. Mann of the 3rd Battalion, 502nd, lay too badly wounded to hurl a grenade away. He fell on it instead and saved several comrades. He died.
On the 18th at 06:00, the Irish Guards of the British Guards Armoured Division pushed north against stubborn German infantry and tanks. By noon, scouts from British XXX Corps reached the 101st. Radio contact brought word that the Son bridge was down and a Bailey bridge was needed. Transport columns clogged the streets of Eindhoven that night, and German aircraft bombed them. Even so, XXX Corps engineers, working with German prisoners of war, put a class 40 Bailey bridge over the canal in ten hours.
The longest road section the 101st held earned the name "Hell's Highway." Because the offensive had overextended the 21st Army Group's line, the division was attached to that army group to thicken it. It reinforced the Nijmegen salient and replaced the British 43rd Wessex Division in early October, facing a German counterattack. Only in late November 1944 did it withdraw into SHAEF reserve.
Seven main roads cut through the Ardennes, and every one of them met at the small Belgian town of Bastogne. That geography made the town critical to the German offensive that began on the 16th of December 1944. Germany aimed to split the Allied line, capture Antwerp and push the Western Allies toward a peace treaty. The surprise was nearly total, and by the end of day two the 28th Infantry Division was close to collapse.
Eisenhower sent for the SHAEF reserve, the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions resting at Reims. Neither had trucks of its own, and the weather was too poor for a parachute drop. The 101st set out from Camp Mourmelon on the afternoon of the 18th of December. The convoy moved in drizzle and sleet, largely after dark, with headlights lit despite the threat of air attack. At one stage it stretched from Bouillon all the way back to Reims. The division covered 107 miles to a plateau 1,463 feet high, and every unit was in place by 09:00 on the 19th.
By the 21st, German troops had encircled the town. The 101st shared the perimeter with Combat Command B of the 10th Armored Division. Most medical supplies and medical staff had fallen into German hands on the 19th. Weakened tank crews pooled their vehicles, adding survivors of another armored command and eight replacement tanks found unassigned in town. The result was a mobile "fire brigade" of 40 tanks. Three artillery battalions, including the all-black 969th Field Artillery Battalion, were taken over to form a temporary group. Each fielded twelve 155 mm howitzers, yet by the 22nd of December ammunition was rationed to ten rounds per gun per day. The weather then cleared, and aircraft dropped supplies, mostly ammunition, on four of the next five days.
The German corps commander, Generalleutnant Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz, demanded that Bastogne surrender. Acting division commander General Anthony McAuliffe heard the demand and answered, "Nuts!" He turned to other problems until his staff reminded him that a formal reply was owed. Lieutenant Colonel Harry W. O. Kinnard thought McAuliffe's first word would be "tough to beat." So McAuliffe wrote "NUTS!" on the paper handed to the Germans. Both the Germans and non-American Allies later needed it explained.
On Christmas Eve, reinforcements gave the exhausted 26th Volksgrenadier Division more armor and infantry for an attack the next day. German commanders struck one spot after another on the western edge rather than all at once. German tanks punched into the American line at first. Then the assault collapsed, and nearly every tank involved was destroyed. On the 26th of December, the 4th Armored Division, spearhead of General George S. Patton's Third Army, broke through and opened a corridor. The defenders christened themselves "The Battered Bastards of the Bastion of Bastogne."
They hoped for relief. Orders came to attack instead. The 506th retook Recogne on the 9th of January 1945, then the Bois des Corbeaux on the 10th and Foy on the 13th. It recaptured Noville on the 15th and Rachamps a day later. On the 17th, the 327th and 502nd took Bourcy, which returned the line to where the Germans had stood on the day the division arrived. Opponents included the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler and the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend. The next day, the 101st was pulled from the line.
In April 1945 the division advanced through the Rhineland toward the Bavarian Alps. Outside the town of Hurlach it reached Kaufering IV, part of the Kaufering camp complex. German authorities had made it the place for sick prisoners too weak to work. During the typhus epidemic of 1945, inmates with the disease were sent there to die. The 12th Armored Division occupied Hurlach on the 27th of April, and the 101st arrived on the 28th. Soldiers counted over 500 dead inmates. The Army ordered the townspeople to bury them.
By V-E Day the division was spent. General Taylor asked his men, "We've licked the best that Hitler had in France and Holland and Germany. Now where do we want to go?" They answered with a single shout of "Home." On the 1st of August 1945, the 501st went to France. The remaining units settled near Zell am See and Kaprun in the Austrian Alps. A few began preparing for the Pacific, but peace came first. The division was inactivated on the 30th of November 1945.
The tally for the European war was exact. Battle casualties reached 9,328. Of those, 1,766 died in action, 6,388 were wounded, 207 were missing and 967 became prisoners. Its members earned 56 Distinguished Service Crosses, 456 Silver Stars and 9,488 Bronze Star Medals. The division collected 13 Distinguished Unit Citations, four campaign streamers and two Presidential Unit Citations.
The men also carried a code on their helmets. A card suit on each side named the soldier's regiment. Clubs belonged to the 327th, diamonds to the 501st, hearts to the 502nd and spades to the 506th. A square marked headquarters and support units, and a circle marked divisional artillery. Small ticks at 3, 6 and 9 o'clock identified the battalion, and a tick at 12 o'clock marked a headquarters company. The clubs appear in the 1949 film Battleground, and the spades in the mini-series Band of Brothers. Soldiers still wear the marks. The 187th Infantry wears a torii, a later addition, since in World War II that regiment served in the 11th Airborne Division.
Peacetime treated the division like a light switch. The Army allotted it to the Regular Army in June 1948. In July it came alive again as a training unit at Camp Breckenridge, Kentucky. A year later it was inactivated. The Korean War revived it in 1950 for the same job, until December 1953. May 1954 found it at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. In March 1956 it moved to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, with no soldiers or gear. There it absorbed the people and equipment of the 187th and 508th Airborne Regimental Combat Teams and became the first "pentomic" division. Five battle groups replaced the wartime regiments and battalions.
In September 1957, President Eisenhower sent men of the division's 1st Airborne Battle Group, 327th Infantry, to Little Rock, Arkansas. Nine African-American students, later called the Little Rock Nine, had enrolled at Little Rock Central High School. The Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education had opened the way. The soldiers escorted them into the formerly segregated school. Major General Edwin Walker commanded the division and was determined to protect the students. The troops stayed until Thanksgiving, when federalized Arkansas Army National Guard soldiers took over. In 1958 the division joined the new Strategic Army Corps, a force built to move on short notice.
On the 29th of July 1965, the 1st Brigade landed in South Vietnam. For two years it fought independently, as a kind of fire brigade, and became known as the "Nomads of Vietnam." It operated from the Demilitarized Zone to the Central Highlands. In 1967 the 101st, with the 82nd Airborne Division, was sent to quell the Detroit riot. The rest of the division reached Vietnam in November 1967. For most of the war it worked the northern I Corps region. There it blocked North Vietnamese infiltration routes through Laos and the A Shau Valley. Hamburger Hill in 1969 and Firebase Ripcord in 1970 became its best-known battles. North Vietnamese soldiers nicknamed the Americans "chicken men," a reference to the bald eagle on their patch.
One small unit left a harsher legacy. In November 1965 Colonel David Hackworth founded Tiger Force, about 45 paratroopers from the 1st Battalion, 327th Infantry, to "outguerrilla the guerrillas." Highly decorated, it also took heavy casualties and killed roughly 1,000 enemy soldiers by war's end. In October 1968 President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded its parent battalion a Presidential Unit Citation. The unit was also accused of multiple war crimes. Investigators found that many had occurred. The Army decided against prosecution.
In 1971 only aviation units entered Laos, supporting Operation Lam Son 719. The division began leaving South Vietnam on the 15th of May 1971, and most major units had left by January 1972. In seven years of service it lost 4,011 killed and 18,259 wounded. It took part in 12 campaigns, and 17 of its Medal of Honor recipients come from this period.
In mid-1968 the division was reorganized as airmobile, and in 1974 it became an air assault division. The new titles marked a move from airplanes to helicopters as the main way of carrying troops into battle. The concept owed much to German forces in World War II, notably the Fallschirmjäger, the Brandenburgers and the 22nd Air Landing Division. The United States Army had embraced the idea in 1941, starting with wooden gliders. In early 1974 the Army ended jump status for most of the division. Specialists such as pathfinders and parachute riggers kept it. A new Airmobile Badge, soon renamed the Air Assault Badge, borrowed its design from the Glider Badge of World War II. In 1978 the Army allowed soldiers everywhere to wear it. A blue beret arrived in 1974 and was withdrawn at the end of 1979.
In the late 1970s, one battalion at a time stayed on alert. Its "hot" platoon or company had to be airborne within 30 minutes of an alert. The rest of the battalion followed within the hour, and a full brigade was to be on the ground within 24 hours.
Peacetime brought terrible losses. On the 12th of December 1985, a chartered Arrow Air jet carrying soldiers home from peacekeeping in the Sinai crashed near Gander, Newfoundland. The eight crew and 248 American servicemen all died, mostly from the 3d Battalion, 502d Infantry. Canadian investigators named wing ice and underestimated weight as the probable cause. A minority report raised an onboard explosion. President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy visited Fort Campbell to console the families. In March 1988, two Black Hawk helicopters collided during a night training flight there. All 17 aboard died, 13 of them from the 502d.
The Gulf War showed what the new design could do. On the 17th of January 1991, eight AH-64 helicopters from the 101st Aviation Regiment fired the war's opening shots. They destroyed two Iraqi early warning radar sites. In February, roughly 400 helicopters lifted 2,000 soldiers 155 miles behind enemy lines, the deepest air assault in history. By dark they had severed Highway 8, a key supply route from Basra. The division lost 16 soldiers during the 100-hour war.
The twenty-first century brought longer fights. After the attacks of 9/11, the division's 3rd Brigade went to Afghanistan. These were the 187th Infantry's Rakkasans, the first conventional unit to fight in Operation Enduring Freedom. It endured intense combat in the Shoh-I-Khot Mountains during Operation Anaconda. In 2003 Major General David H. Petraeus, radio call sign Eagle 6, led the division into Iraq, with orders to go "North to Baghdad." It cleared strongpoints that the 3rd Infantry Division bypassed, fought at Karbala, and then based itself in Mosul. On the 22nd of July 2003, soldiers of the 3rd Battalion, 327th Infantry, joined a raid on a house in Mosul. Qusay Hussein and his brother Uday died there, along with two others.
The second Iraq tour began in late summer 2005, and the headquarters became Task Force Band of Brothers. Its main task was training Iraqi forces. When the division arrived, no Iraqi unit could take the lead. When it left, 33 battalions led security in their areas. In 2010 the headquarters and all four infantry brigades deployed to Afghanistan. On the 15th of September, Operation Dragon Strike began, aimed at retaking Kandahar province. By the 5th of June 2011, 131 soldiers had died on that deployment, the most in one deployment since Vietnam.
In 2014 the division headquarters flew to West Africa to help stop Ebola spreading under Operation United Assistance. In spring 2016, the 2nd Brigade deployed to Iraq for Operation Inherent Resolve. It helped Iraqi forces fight the Islamic State, including in the liberation of Mosul. That summer about 400 more soldiers were slated to help run a logistics hub at Qayyarah Airfield West. The division's aviation fleet, over 200 aircraft at its peak, fell to just over 100 when the 159th Combat Aviation Brigade was inactivated in 2015. In 2019, media reports said the Army was working to restore it.
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Updated
Common questions
What is the 101st Airborne Division's nickname?
The division is known as the Screaming Eagles. The eagle mascot became attached to it during the interwar years, carrying on the tradition of the Wisconsin volunteer regiments of the American Civil War.
Why is it called an airborne division if it uses helicopters?
The division was first constituted as airborne in 1942. It was reorganized as airmobile in mid-1968 and as an air assault division in 1974, reflecting a shift from airplanes to helicopters for delivering troops into combat.
What did General McAuliffe say at Bastogne?
When the Germans demanded surrender, acting division commander General Anthony McAuliffe replied with one word, "NUTS!" The reply later had to be explained to the Germans and to non-American Allies.
Where is the division based?
Its headquarters is at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, where the U.S. Army Air Assault School is also located. Only about half of the soldiers who begin that course graduate.
What do the card suits on the division's helmets mean?
Each suit marks a regiment. Clubs belong to the 327th, diamonds to the 501st, hearts to the 502nd and spades to the 506th. The 187th later added a torii.
All sources
185 references cited across the entry
- 2Special Unit Designations21 April 2010
- 4After Almost 5 Years, Army's 101st Airborne Will Return to Full Air Assault PowerMatthew Cox — 16 October 2019
- 5101st Airborne Division conducts brigade air assaultJoel Salgado — 11 April 2014
- 6Russ & Susan Bryant, p.63.
- 8Army to Deploy 101st Airborne Soldiers to Oversee Iraqi Army TrainingGordon Block — 6 November 2015
- 9NewsCarter to Army's 101st: You will prepare Iraqis to retake MosulCorey Dickstein — 14 January 2016
- 10Army to Deploy 101st Airborne Soldiers to AfghanistanGregory Bull — 6 September 2016
- 11Five historical things to know about 101st on its anniversaryStephanie Ingersoll — 14 August 2020
- 12Air Assault School, 10 Toughest Days in the Army20 September 2001
- 13Gates Praises 101st Airborne As 'Tip Of The Spear'8 December 2010
- 14NewsReconfigure Army divisions to make military strongerJack Kelly — 15 February 2002
- 15NewsNew Division Forming at Shelby31 October 1918
- 16BookOrder of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World WarCenter of Military History, United States Army — 1988
- 18BookUS Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 1 The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919–41Steven E. Clay — Combat Studies Institute Press — 2010
- 23BookAirborne: World War II Paratroopers in CombatJulie Guard — Osprey Publishing — 2007
- 24Lt. Col. William L. Turner, Colorado. Col. Turner was killed in action the next day.
- 25BookUtah Beach to CherbourgUnited States Army Center of Military History — 1990
- 26Lt. Col. Robert C. Carroll (1/501), Lt. Col. Robert L. Wolverton (3/506th), and Major George S. Grant (3/506).
- 27Col. Johnson was killed in action in the Netherlands on 8 October 1944.
- 28Patch became acting commander of the 1st Battalion on 7 June, and later commanded the 3/506 as a lieutenant colonel. Both Patch and Raudstein were awarded the DSC.
- 30BookAirborne Forces at War: From Parachute Test Platoon to the 21st CenturyRobert K. Wright et al. — Naval Institute Press — 2007
- 31BookClub Route in Europe: The History of 30 Corps from D-Day to May 1945Ronald Gill et al. — MLRS Books — 2006
- 32Randall, p. 33
- 34CCB consisted of the 3rd Tank Battalion, 20th Armored Infantry Battalion, C Company 21st Tank Battalion, B Company 54th Armored Infantry Battalion, C Company 609th Tank Destroyer Battalion, 420th Armo
- 35MagazineA Christmas Present For BastogneRichard E. Killblane — September 2003
- 36Marshall, p.177.
- 37"NUTS!" Revisited: An Interview with Lt. General Harry W. O. KinnardPatrick O'Donnell
- 38Nuts can mean several things in American English slang. In this case, however, it signified rejection, and was explained to the Germans as meaning "Go to Hell!"
- 39Bando, p.188.
- 40Battle of Bastogne FactsWill Harney — 2 December 2012
- 42Order of Battle United States Army World War II - European Theater of Operations - DivisionsOffice of the Theater Historian European Theater — December 1945
- 43The Army AlmanacDepartment of the Army — 1950
- 44Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)
- 46BookUnconditional Surrender, Demobilization, and the Atomic BombMichael D. Pearlman — Combat Studies Institute, US Army Command and General Staff College — 1996
- 47This is why Screaming Eagles wear cards on their helmetsEric Milzarski — 21 December 2021
- 49BookOsro Cobb of Arkansas: Memoirs of Historical SignificanceOsro Cobb — Rose Publishing Company — 1989
- 50BookVietnam Order of BattleShelby Stanton — Stackpole Books — 2003
- 51News101st combat record in Vietnam 'unmatched'Mary L. Gonzalez — 21 January 2010
- 52NewsStoried 101st Airborne marks 70th anniversaryKristin M. Hall — 12 August 2012
- 53BookUS Army Long-Range Patrol Scout in Vietnam 1965–71Gordon L. Rottman — Osprey Publishing — 2008
- 54Sallah & Weiss, Tiger Force, pp. 22–23.
- 55Sallah & Weiss, Tiger Force, pp. 13–14, 23, 224.
- 56NewsUnit's founder says he didn't know of atrocitiesJoe Mahr — 28 March 2004
- 58Sallah & Weiss, Tiger Force, pp. 335, 339–346, 350–352, 354–355, 359, 361–362, 367–369, 374–375, 376.
- 59Sallah & Weiss, Tiger Force, p. 383.
- 60Sallah & Weiss, Tiger Force, p. 306.
- 61"We killed anything that walked", Vietnam war crimes14 November 2003
- 62ReportCommand History 1971 Volume IIHeadquarters United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam — 1971
- 63Sharpe & Dunstan, p.90.
- 64All American Legacy Podcast Ep.25 - The French Hat((82nd Airborne Division)) — 26 June 2017
- 6582nd Airborne Division28 June 2017
- 67ReportAviation Occurrence Report, Arrow Air Inc. Douglas DC-8-63 N950JW, Gander International Airport, Newfoundland, 12 December 1985Canadian Aviation Safety Board — 14 November 1988
- 69ReportDissenting Opinion, Arrow Air Inc. Douglas DC-8-63 N950JW, Gander International Airport, Newfoundland, 12 December 1985Canadian Aviation Safety Board — 14 November 1988
- 70News17 Die in Collision of Army Copters10 March 1988
- 72BookThe Avionics HandbookDennis Schmickley — CRC Press LLC — 2001
- 73BookWarrior Training Center Air Assault School HandbookArmy National Guard Warrior Training Center — 2013
- 74Ailsby, pp.18,19,91.
- 75BookScreaming Eagles: 101st Airborne DivisionRuss Bryant et al. — MBI Publishing Company — 2007
- 76BookInside the US Army TodayGordon L. Rottmen — Osprey Publishing — 1988
- 86ThesisThe Logistics of the 101st Airborne Division in the First Gulf WarDavid Ogan — Austin Peay State University — 15 December 2009
- 96MagazineThe Red BookUS Field Artillery Association — December 1987
- 97MagazineThe Red BookUS Field Artillery Association — December 1989
- 98MagazineThe Red BookUS Field Artillery Association — December 1990
- 99BookField Artillery - Army Lineage Series - Part 2Janice E. McKenney — US Army Center of Military History
- 106BookSignal CorpsRebecca Robbins Raines — US Army Center of Military History
- 111'Screaming Eagles' of 101st have valiant history7 February 2003
- 112Anderson, p.8.
- 114JournalNetworked forces in stability operations: 101st Airborne Division, 3/2 and 1/25 Stryker brigades in northern IraqDaniel Gonzales et al. — 15 October 2007
- 115Task Force Thunder rolls into AfghanistanStephanie L. Carl — 23 February 2011
- 116BookAll In: The Education of General David PetraeusPaula Broadwell et al. — Penguin — 24 January 2012
- 118NewsAfter the war: Hussein's 2 Sons Dead in Shootout, U.S. SaysNeil MacFarquhar — 23 July 2003
- 119NewsHussein's Two Sons Killed In Firefight With U.S. TroopsSudarsan Raghavan et al. — 22 July 2003
- 121Iraq's new ambassador addresses Washington13 April 2006
- 122NewsOperation Dragon Strike: Battle for Kandahar BeginsDeborah Hastings — 27 September 2010
- 123NewsNATO Push Deals Taliban a Setback in KandaharCarlotta Gall et al. — 15 December 2010
- 124NewsAfghan Taliban leadership splintered by intense US military campaignJon Boone — 22 December 2010
- 125NewsArmy's 101st pays high price for Afghan surge yearKristin M. Hall — 5 June 2011
- 127The 101st Airborne Takes on the Taliban4 April 2011
- 129Storied 'Currahees' prepare to inactivateJustin A. Moeller — 1 May 2014
- 130SF, Bastogne Soldiers combine forces for trainingJacob Mahaffey — 23 January 2015
- 131Carter to Army's 101st: You will prepare Iraqis to retake MosulCorey Dickstein — 14 January 2016
- 132101st Airborne Division's Strike Brigade receives Operation Inherent Resolve streamer following Iraq deploymentSamantha Stoffregen — 23 February 2018
- 134NewsIraq takes full control of Fallujah from Islamic State, military saysFadel Al — 26 June 2016
- 135101st Airborne soldiers tapped to fight Islamic State groupCorey Dickstein — 5 August 2016
- 136American Artillery is Pounding Islamic State in Iraq and Syria26 August 2016
- 137101st Airborne soldiers thrive in battle on Iraq front lines21 September 2016
- 138101st Airborne leading coalition in Mosul fight against ISIL17 October 2016
- 139Army to Deploy 1,700 Paratroopers to IraqQassim Abdul — 3 November 2016
- 140101st Airborne Makes Handoff in Iraq During Mosul Offensive13 January 2016
- 141Bastogne brigade returns from Mideast with fresh combat badgesKyle Rempfer — 30 October 2019
- 1445 children lost their dads in an attack that killed 3 US soldiersMadison Park — 13 June 2017
- 145101st Airborne troops deploy to Somalia for training mission14 April 2017
- 146101st Airborne Division arrives in Europe to support NATO AlliesKarolyn McEwen — 29 June 2022
- 147After 80 years the Screaming Eagles return to EuropeMalcolm Cohens-Ashley — 30 July 2022
- 149US Army brigades from the 101st Screaming Eagles transfer authority in RomaniaMalcolm Cohens-Ashley — 7 April 2023
- 152U.S. Army Combat Brigade Teams host transfer of authority ceremony in RomaniaPrecious Scott — 24 November 2023
- 15382nd, 101st Airborne send troops to help in Helene recovery effortsNicholas Slayton — 6 October 2024
- 1591st Mobile Brigade Combat TeamU.S. Army Fort Campbell
- 1612nd Mobile Brigade Combat TeamU.S. Army Fort Campbell
- 162Is a Mobile Defense a Viable Option for a BCT?Lt. Col. Jon Anderson — US Army — 10 February 2025
- 163Army brigades embrace change, test new tacticsChristopher Hurd — US Army — 30 October 2024
- 166The US Army's Multi-Functional Reconnaissance Company: Weapon of the weekRyan Robertson et al. — 4 September 2024
- 1673rd Mobile Brigade Combat TeamU.S. Army Fort Campbell
- 176Charlie Sayles - Raw Harmonica Genius24 April 2020
- 177Charlie Sayles And The Blues Disciples Album ReviewMarty Gunther — 7 November 2015
- 178Vincent Speranza, popular WWII veteran and hero, passes away at 98Steven Spearie — 3 August 2023
- 180'Shampoo' star Jack Warden dies at 8521 July 2006
- 181NewsJack Warden, 85; Prolific Film, TV ActorValerie J. Nelson — 22 July 2006
- 182Sports Illustrated, Readers letter, 15 June 1970.
- 183BookHitler's Sky Warriors: German Paratroopers in Action, 1939–1945Christopher Ailsby — Spellmount Limited — 2000
- 184BookScreaming Eagles: The 101st Airborne Division from D-Day to Desert StormChristopher J. Anderson — Chelsea House Publishers — 2002
- 185BookPale Horse: Hunting Terrorists and Commanding Heroes with the 101st Airborne DivisionJimmy Blackmon — St. Martin's Press — 2016
- 186BookScreaming Eagles: 101st Airborne DivisionRuss Bryant et al. — Zenith Press — 2007
- 187BookPathfinder: First In, Last OutRichard R. Burns — Ballantine Books — 2002
- 188Book101st Airborne in Vietnam: The 'Screaming Eagles'Michael Sharpe et al. — Ian Allan; Casemate Pub. — 2005