Skip to content
Curated category

Treaties of the Spanish Empire

  • Congress of ViennaIn May 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to the Sixth Coalition, ending twenty-three years of nearly continuous warfare across the continent.
  • Peace of WestphaliaEurope had been battered by both the Thirty Years' War and the overlapping Eighty Years' War. These conflicts exacted a heavy toll in money and lives across…