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Territorial evolution of Russia

  • Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)In 1315, the political and cultural elite of the Golden Horde adopted Islam. This shift occurred as the Mongol Empire broke apart, leaving its western…
  • Russian conquest of the CaucasusIn the 9th century, Rus' traders appeared along the Volga trade route. They began raiding around the Caspian Sea from the late 9th century onward.
  • Territorial evolution of RussiaThe Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480 marked the formal end to centuries of Tatar rule over Russia. Ivan III and Vasili III consolidated a centralized…