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Refrigerants

  • Carbon dioxideThe carbon atom sits at the center of a linear molecule, flanked by two oxygen atoms. Each bond measures exactly 116.3 picometers in length.
  • HydrogenAbout 75% of all normal matter in the universe consists of hydrogen. This element formed roughly 370,000 years after the Big Bang when the expanding cosmos…
  • ChlorofluorocarbonCarbon atoms in chlorofluorocarbons bond with tetrahedral symmetry, yet the fluorine and chlorine atoms differ greatly in size from hydrogen.
  • WaterA single water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The angle between these hydrogen atoms measures 104.5 degrees.