Curated category
E-number additives
- NitrogenScottish physician Daniel Rutherford isolated a new gas in 1772 during experiments at the University of Edinburgh. He called this substance noxious air…
- OxygenOxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, trailing only hydrogen and helium. About 0.9% of the Sun's mass consists of oxygen.
- Sodium carbonateThe formula Na2CO3 defines a white, odorless salt that dissolves easily in water. Three distinct hydrates exist alongside the anhydrous form.
- AluminiumThe stable isotope 27Al comprises virtually all naturally occurring aluminium. This single isotope makes the element mononuclidic for standard atomic weight…
- Calcium carbonateWhen calcium carbonate meets an acid, the reaction releases carbon dioxide gas and water. This process happens quickly as carbonic acid disintegrates into…
- Carbon dioxideThe carbon atom sits at the center of a linear molecule, flanked by two oxygen atoms. Each bond measures exactly 116.3 picometers in length.
- HeliumThe observable universe contains helium at about 24% of its total elemental mass. This figure represents more than 12 times the combined mass of all heavier…
- HydrogenAbout 75% of all normal matter in the universe consists of hydrogen. This element formed roughly 370,000 years after the Big Bang when the expanding cosmos…
- ArgonIn 1894, Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay stood in a laboratory at University College London. They held a test tube filled with air that had been…
- Fatty acidMichel Eugène Chevreul introduced the concept of fatty acid in 1813. He initially used terms like graisse acide and acide huileux to describe these oily…
- SilverA single electron in the 5s subshell defines silver's unique behavior. This configuration, written as [Kr]4d105s1, places it among group 11 elements…
- Acetic acidThe Latin word for vinegar, acetum, means to sour and describes the bitter taste of fermented fruits. This root gives us the common name acetic acid.
- GoldThe chemical symbol Au derives from the Latin word aurum. Gold holds atomic number 79 on the periodic table. It stands as a transition metal within group 11.
- Sulfuric acidA single drop of pure sulfuric acid weighs 1.84 grams per milliliter, making it nearly twice as dense as water. This viscous liquid appears colorless and…