Curated category
Heads of state
- TsarThe word tsar emerges from the Latin title caesar, which medieval Europeans understood as meaning emperor. This ruler held rank equal to a Roman emperor…
- RegentA regent is a person appointed to execute the office of a monarch temporarily. This role arises when a ruler cannot serve due to illness, absence, or…
- Roman censorIn 443 BC, the Roman Senate created a new office called censor to handle the census. Before this year, consuls managed population counts and property records.
- Lord ProtectorOn the 5th of December 1422, John of Lancaster and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, jointly assumed the role of Lord Protector for Henry VI.
- FührerThe German word Führer means leader or guide. It appears in compound words like Heerführer, which translates to military leader.
- SultanThe Arabic root word sala ta means to be hard or strong. This verbal noun evolved into the abstract concept of sul tan, which initially designated moral…
- Prince-bishopIn the 4th century, as imperial power crumbled under barbarian invasions, Christian bishops in cities began making secular decisions for their communities.