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Geopolitical terminology

  • Middle EastIn September 1902, a United States naval strategist named Alfred Thayer Mahan published an article titled "The Persian Gulf and International Relations" in…
  • Manifest destinyJohn L. O'Sullivan wrote an article in 1845 that first used the phrase manifest destiny to describe American expansion. The Democratic Review published this…
  • A–A lineThe first mention of the Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan line appeared on the 18th of December 1940 in Führer Directive 21. This document outlined the specific goals…
  • Endonym and exonymThe words endonym and exonym emerge from ancient Greek prefixes. The prefix endo means inside or within. The prefix exo means outside or external.
  • Deterrence theoryIn 1966, Thomas Schelling published a book titled Arms and Influence that redefined how scholars understood the use of threats in international relations.
  • Sphere of influenceA 1912 newspaper cartoon shows the United States casting a long shadow over Latin America. This image captures the essence of a sphere of influence, a…
  • European PlainThe Great European Plain stretches from the Pyrenees mountains to the Russian Ural Mountains. This vast landform covers parts of Belgium, the Netherlands…