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Curated category

Formal sciences

  • Computer scienceComputer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Its fundamental concern is a single deceptively simple question: what can and…
  • Organoid intelligenceIn 2019, researchers at Johns Hopkins University began using the term organoid intelligence to describe a new field combining computer science and biology.
  • MathematicsMathematics is a field of knowledge built on abstract things you cannot hold in your hand: numbers, geometric shapes, sets, functions, and probabilities.
  • LogicLogic is the study of correct reasoning, and it starts with something as ordinary as a Sunday. Take the premises "it's Sunday" and "if it's Sunday then I…
  • CryptographyCryptography literature has a recurring cast of three. Alice sends the message. Bob receives it. Eve listens in, hoping to read what she was never meant to…
  • Artificial intelligenceIn 1965, Herbert Simon predicted that within twenty years machines would be capable of doing any work a man can do. Two years later, Marvin Minsky agreed…
  • Game theoryGame theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions, and it began with a question about what a rational person should do when someone…
  • Decision theoryDecision theory asks a deceptively simple question: when you face uncertainty and must choose, what is the rational thing to do?
  • Pattern recognitionPattern recognition is the task of assigning a class to an observation based on patterns extracted from data. Every time a bank flags an unusual transaction…
  • Statistics"Statistics is both the science of uncertainty and the technology of extracting information from data." That line appears in the International Encyclopedia…