Short answers, pulled from the story.
William James entered the world on the 11th of January 1842 at the Astor House in New York City. His father Henry James Sr held an independently wealthy fortune and served as a Swedenborgian theologian.
James earned his MD degree in June 1869 yet never practiced medicine. He enrolled at Harvard Medical School in 1864 after switching from scientific studies.
Emotion arises as the mind perceives physiological conditions following a stimulus according to the James-Lange theory formulated during the 1880s. We do not run because we fear a bear; we fear because we run away.
James died the 26th of August 1910 at home in Chocorua New Hampshire following heart failure. He was buried family plot Cambridge Cemetery Cambridge Massachusetts.
His lectures on pragmatism remain arguably most influential book of American philosophy. The Principles of Psychology totaled twelve hundred pages across two volumes taking twelve years to complete.