Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name Wales derives from an Old English root that referred to the Gauls known to the Romans as Walha. Anglo-Saxon settlers used this term to describe Britons in particular, and the plural form evolved into the name for their territory.
Edward I of England completed the conquest of Wales in 1283 after over 200 years of war. The Statute of Rhuddlan ended Welsh independence the following year, dividing the territory between principality ruled by Edward and marches ruled by feudal marcher lords.
At its peak production in 1913, nearly 233,000 men and women were employed in the South Wales coalfield mining 56 million tons of coal. Cardiff was once the largest coal-exporting port in the world, handling greater tonnage than either London or Liverpool for a few years before the First World War.
Snowdon stands as the highest summit in Wales at 1,085 meters within Snowdonia where five mountains exceed 1,000 meters. The Brecon Beacons reach their highest point Pen y Fan at 886 meters while the Cambrian Mountains top out at Pumlumon with 735 meters.
In May 2020, the National Assembly was renamed Senedd Cymru or the Welsh Parliament commonly known as the Senedd. The Senedd has authority to draft and approve laws outside of the UK Parliamentary system to meet specific needs of Wales.
According to the 2021 census, the Welsh-speaking population aged three or older reached 17.8 per cent representing 538,300 people while nearly three-quarters had no Welsh language skills. English is spoken by almost all people in Wales and serves as the main language in most of the country.