Short answers, pulled from the story.
Vespasian was Roman emperor from 69 to 79 AD. Born on the 17th of November, 9 AD, in Falacrinae, he was the last emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors and founder of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled Rome for twenty-seven years.
Vespasian was declared emperor by the legions of Egypt and Judaea on the 1st of July, 69 AD, after Nero, Galba, Otho, and Vitellius had each held or contested the throne in rapid succession. The Senate formally confirmed him on the 21st of December, 69, through the Lex de imperio Vespasiani.
Vespasian began construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre, known today as the Colosseum, using funds taken from the spoils of the Jewish Temple following the Siege of Jerusalem. The building was initiated between 71 and 79 AD during his reign.
Pecunia non olet, meaning money does not stink, is traced to Vespasian's reimposition around 70 AD of a tax on urine collection. When his son Titus criticized the tax, Vespasian held a coin from the first payment under Titus's nose and, after Titus confirmed it had no smell, told him it came from urine. The exchange was recorded by both Dio Cassius and Suetonius.
Vespasian came from an equestrian family with no distinguished political lineage. His father was a moneylender and tax collector, and Vespasian was the first in his family to reach the senatorial rank. He was born in the village of Falacrinae and educated in Cosa under the guidance of his paternal grandmother.
Vespasian approved histories written during his reign to remove biases against him and offered financial rewards to writers who supported him. Philosophers and writers who criticized him were expelled, executed, or had their works seized and destroyed. Historians who lived through the period, including Tacitus, Suetonius, and Josephus, all speak favorably of Vespasian while condemning his predecessors.