Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word Turkification emerged in the Greek language during the 1300s as εκτουρκισμός or τούρκεμα. Emile Louis Jean Legrand recorded this term in his 1899 work Chrestomathie grecque moderne on page 479.
Hooman Peimani notes that this long complex process started at least 1400 years ago. By the year 600 AD migration of Turkic tribes from Inner Asia began altering Central Asia and Iranian peoples living there started adopting Turkic languages and cultures over centuries.
The Battle of Manzikert triggered swift changes in Anatolia's ethnic features during the eleventh century. Before Turkish arrival Byzantine Greeks formed the bulk of the region's population from the fifth century until the state fell in the fifteenth century.
Law 2007 of the 11th of June 1932 reserved professions like lawyer construction worker hairdresser messenger to Turkish citizens banning foreigners opening shops rural areas. This legislation was part of broader social engineering policies implemented by the Republic of Turkey founded in 1923.
Civil Servants Law effective the 18th of March 1926 allowed Turks only excluding Armenians and Greeks from government jobs. The Republic of Turkey adopted nationalism and secularism as founding principles when it was founded in 1923.